history of wk's movement (pdf).pdf

7/27/2019 History of WK's movement (pdf).pdf

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2/21

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ya'o&mZf ajr&SifacwfumvwGifvnf; ykefuefxuGr_rsm;&SdcJhonf? xdkykefuefxuGr_rsm;wGif v,form;rsm;vnf;yg0ifonf? Ttcsufu ya'o&mZfajr&Sifpepf.zdESdyfr_udk awmfvSefonfh vuQ%maqmifonf? odk@aomf acwfpepf. tawG;tac: tuef@towfa=umifhya'o&mZfajr&Sifpepfudk awmfvSefykefuefr_rsm; ratmifjrifcJhyg?

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5/21

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&Sifpepf jzpfay:wdk;yGm;vma&;twGuf r&Sdrjzpfvkdtyfcsufjzpfonf? xdkvdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhpGuf&ef vkyfom;rsm; ay:xGufvmonf? xdkvkyfom;rsm;udk udkvdkeD (u|efb0oufa&mufonfh) EdkifiHrsm;rS vkyfom;rsm;rS vkyftm;c aps;csdKcsdKjzifh&&SdEdkifonf? Todk@jzifh ArmjynfvltzGJ@tpnf;onf e,fcsJ@t&if;&Sifpepf. ,EW&m;rsm;twGif;rS rv$Jra&Smifom vlwef;pm;topfw&yfudk arG;zGm;ay;vdkuf&onf? Tvlwef;pm;onf acwfopfpufr_vkyfief;acwfopfpufr_vkyfief;acwfopfpufr_vkyfief;acwfopfpufr_vkyfief;tvkyform;rsm;tvkyform;rsm;tvkyform;rsm;tvkyform;rsm; jzpfayawmhonf? udkvdkeDacwf jrefrmEdkifiHvltzGJ@tpnf;wGif trsdK;om;"e&Sifvlwef;pm;xuf apm+yD;ay:aygufvmcJhonfh tcpm;tvkyform; (ypPnf;rJhvlwef;pm;) vlwef;pm;w&yf jzpfwnfvmjcif;[k ajymqdk&ayvdrfhrnf? xdka=umif;tcsufonf udkvdkeDacwf ArmjynfvltzGJ@tpnf;. xl;jcm;csufwckjzpfa=umif; owdy&ayvdrfhrnf?

t&if;&Sife,fcsJ hpepf. arG;&mygoaE


6/21

(xdkESpfrsm;onf urBmhpD;yGm;a&;uyfESifh &ifqdkifae&csdefvnf;jzpfonf? pyg;aps;rsm;tvGefusqif;aeonfhumvvnf;jzpfonf? q&mpH OD;aqmifonfh v,form;awmfvSefa&; ay:aygufaecsdefvnf;jzpfonf?)

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q,fpkESpftvdkuf wdk;yGm;vmonfq,fpkESpftvdkuf wdk;yGm;vmonfq,fpkESpftvdkuf wdk;yGm;vmonfq,fpkESpftvdkuf wdk;yGm;vmonfhhhh tvkyform;tif;tm;tvkyform;tif;tm;tvkyform;tif;tm;tvkyform;tif;tm; ta&twGufjyZ,m;ta&twGufjyZ,m;ta&twGufjyZ,m;ta&twGufjyZ,m;(1911/ 1921/ 1931) ckESpfrsm;(1911/ 1921/ 1931) ckESpfrsm;(1911/ 1921/ 1931) ckESpfrsm;(1911/ 1921/ 1931) ckESpfrsm;tajctaetajctaetajctaetajctae

pOfpOfpOfpOf vkyfief;vkyfief;vkyfief;vkyfief; 1911 ckESpf1911 ckESpf1911 ckESpf1911 ckESpf 1921ckESpf1921ckESpf1921ckESpf1921ckESpf 1931 ckESpf1931 ckESpf1931 ckESpf1931 ckESpf1 a&eHowWKwl;azmfa&;vkyfief; 8000 27000 380002 opfxkwfvkyfa&; 95427 104368 1375863 pufr_vufr_vkyfief; 420000 430000 7000004 o,f,lydk@aqmifa&; 120000 170000 2400005 v,f,mtvkyform; 912356 1027590 1512290

(3)(3)(3)(3)

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xdkESpfrsm;wGif tvkyform;vlwef;pm; v_yf&Sm;r_wdkufyGJonf tjrifhqkH;tajctaeodk@a&muf&SdvmcJh+yD;/ Armjynftvkyform;vlwef;pm;.pnf;&kH;r_t&SdqkH; ygwDw&yfudk arG;zGm;ay;EdkifcJhonf? xdkygwDudk (1939) ckESpf =o*kwf (15) &ufae@wGif tpki,fuav;tjzpf ajratmufwGif pwifzGJ@pnf;cJhonf? xdktvkyform;vlwef;pm; wyfOD;ygwD. emrnfonf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD jzpfonf?

t&if&Sife,fcsJ@pepfatmufrS ay:aygufvmcJhaom Armjynf tvkyform;vlwef;pm;onf EdkifiHwum tvkyform;vlwef;pm; wyfzGJ@}uD;.tpdwftydkif;wyfzGJ@wckjzpfonf? wenf;tm;jzifh edkifiHwumh tvkyform; vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJrsm;ESifhvnf; qufpyfaeayonf? xdka=umifh EdkifiHwumtvkyform;rsm;. vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJordkif;a=umif;rsm;udk avhvmoifhonf? txl;ojzifh ara';ae@ jzpfay:vmykH/EdkifiHwumtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyfrsm;ta=umif;? EdkifiHwum tvkyform;v_yf&Sm;r_ ordkif;a=umif;rsm;ESifh rsufarSmuf EdkifiHwumtvkyform;wdk@. tajctaersm;udk avhvmoifhonf? xdkaemuf rdrdwdkif;jynf&Sd tvkyfform;rsm;. yuwdtajctaersm;jzifh qufpyfoifhonf? Tenf;tm;jzifh tvkyform; vlwef;pm;vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJudk a&S@odk@wGef;wifEdkifayvdrfhrnf?

avhvmoifhwJhta=umif;t&mrsm;xJrS - ara';aehara';aehara';aehara';aeh ta=umif;ta=umif;ta=umif;ta=umif; , tenf;i,f rdwfquftenf;i,f rdwfquftenf;i,f rdwfquftenf;i,f rdwfqufvdkygvdkygvdkygvdkygonf?onf?onf?onf?


7/21

ara';ae@udk urBmhtvkyfform;ae@[kvnf;ac:ygonf? EdkifiHwumtvkyform; v_yf&Sm;r_wdkufyGJordkif;. *k%fa&mifajymifaom rSwfwdkifwckjzpfonf? tar&dueftvkyform;rsm;u pwif wdkufyGJ0ifcJh=uojzifh ara'; tp tar&duef[k ajymqdk=uonf? ara';[email protected];aemufcHrSm - 19 &mpkacwfOD;upwif+yD; tar&duefEdkifiHonf pufr_vkyfief;rsm; zGH@zd;vmcJhonf? puf&kH/ tvkyf&kHydkif&Sifrsm;onftvkyform;rsm;udk wae@tvkyfcsdefem&D (14)em&DrS (20)em&Dxd &uf&ufpufpufcdkif;apcJhonf?

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(4) vGwfvyfonfh tvkyform;or*~ xlaxmifcGifh&&Sda&; ponfh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;. toHonf wjynfvkH;odk@ us,fysH hvmaeonf?

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(1850) ckESpfrsm;wGif tar&dueftvkyform;[email protected] ododomomwdk;wufr_&vmonf? ta=umif;rSm t*Fvef tvkyform;rsm;ESifh &if;ESDr_&vmcJh=u+yD;/ tjyeftvSef tultnDay;Edkifaoma=umihfjzpfonf? xdkESpfxJwGif auG;a=umfoHtopfay:xGufvmonf? 8em&D tvkyfvkyf/ 8 em&Daysmf/ 8 em&D em; qdkonfh auG;a=umfoHjzifh tvkyfcsdef 8 em&Dawmif;qdkcsufudk wifxm;onf? xdk

auG;a=umfoHjzifh wdkufyGJudk tpysdK;xm;onf?

(1861- 62) ckESpfrsm;wGif tar&duefjynfwGif;ppf *,ufa=umifh tvkyform;or*~rsm; uG,faysmufcJhonf? odk@aomf puf ykHoGif; tvkyform;or*~/ pufjyiftvkyform;or*~/ yef;yJtvkyform;or*~ (3)ck om cdkifcdkifrmrmusef&SdcJhonf?

(1866) ckESpfwGif A,fwDrdkrd@wGif or*~ (30) yg0ifonfh EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m tvkyform; or*~}uD;(National Labour Union) udk atmifjrifpGmzGJ@pnf;EdkifcJhonf? acgif;aqmifrSm puf ykHoGif; tvkyform; 0DvD,H tdyfcsf qDvfApf(Sylvis, William H.)jzpfonf? 8 em&D wdkufyGJaumfrwDudk ae&mtESHrSm taumiftxnfazmfcJhonf? tpdk;&v$wfawmfu Oya'w&yftjzpf jyXmef;onf? yk*~vdut&if;&Sifrsm;urvdkufemcJh=uay?

tvkyform;wdkufyGJ qufvufjzpfay:cJhonf? tvkyform;awmif;qdkcsufudk ypfy,fcJhonf? tvkyform;rsm;. qENjyyGJ/ oydwfwdkufyGJudkt=urf;zufESdyfuGyfcHcJh&onf? acgif;aqmifrsm;udk zrf;qD;nif;yrf;cHcJh&onf? axmif'g%f/ aiG'g%fcsrSwf+yD; e,fESif'g%fay;jcif;vnf; cHcJh&ao;onf? oydwfarSmuf tvkyform;tm; tvkyfrSxkwfy,fcJhonf? puf&kH/tvkyf&kHydwfxm;jcif;jzifh tvkyform;rsm;pGm tvkyfvuffrJhjzpfcJh&onf? awmfvSefonfhtvkyform;rsm;udkvnf; a=u;pm;vlowform;rsm;udk iSm;&rf;+yD; vdkufvHowfjzwfcJhonf? aysmhnHhonfhtvkyform;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk aiGeJ@0,f,lcJhonf ponfhenf;emaygif;pkHjzifh tvkyform;aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;udk zsufqD;cJhonf?

(1875)ckESpf yifqDADeD,m;jynfe,f/ owWKwGif;tvkyform;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk ao'g%fay;cH&onf? (1877) ckESpfwGif rD;&xm;/ oHr%dpuf&kHtvkyform;rsm;udk vufeufudkifppfwyfjzifh ESdrfeif;cJhjcif; oufao&SdcJhonf?

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1881- 84) ckESpf 4 ESpftwGif; wdkufyGJaygif; (500) qifE$J? tvkyform; (150, 000) yg0ifcJhonf?


8/21

(1885) ckESpfwGif wdkufyGJaygif; (700) qifE$JcJhonf? tvkyform; (250, 000) yg0ifcJhonf?(1886) ckESpfwGif wdkufyGJaygif;(1572) qifE$JcJhonf? tvkyform; (600, 000) yg0ifcJhonf?

txufyg udef;*%ef;udk=unfhv#if tvkyform;tiftm;udk csdK;ESdrfIr& qdkwmodEdkifygonf?

tar&duefjynfaxmifpku csDum*dk r@onf vuf0J*dk%f; tvkyform;or*~rsm;. XmecsKyfjzpfonf?

(1884) ckESpfwGGif tar&dueftvkyform;tzGJcsKyf (American Federation of Labour) rS pwkwt}udrfnDvmcHrS (1886) ckESpf ar 1&ufae@ wGif tvkyfcsdef (8 )em&DwdkufyGJ qifE$J&ef qkH;jzwfcsufcJhonf? 2 ESpf tcsdef,ljyifqifcJhonf?

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ar 4 &uf a[;rwfuuf uGif;jyifwGif xyfrHpk&kH;cJhonf? at;csrf;pGmqENjyr_udk xyfrHyD; aoewfESifh ypfcwfcJhonf? tvkyform; 4 OD;xyfrH usqkH;cJh&onf? tvkyform;acgif;aqmif 4 OD; udk ao'g%ftay;cH&onf? tvkyform;acgif;aqmiftcsdK@udkawmh axmif'g%f/aiG'g%frsm; typfay;cHcJh&onf? tcsdK@rSm jynfESif'g%fcHcJh=u&onf?

(1888) ckESpfwGif tvkyform;tzGJ@csKyfu pepfwusjyifqifyD; qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&efESifh (1890) ckESpfrS pwif+yD; arv 1 &ufae@udktvkyform;rsm;ae@tjzpf owfrSwfvdkuf=uonf?

(4)(4)(4)(4)

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(1914(1914(1914(1914 ---- 1918)1918)1918)1918) ckESpfckESpfckESpfckESpfyxryxryxryxr umvumvumvumvtwGif;&Sd tvkyform;rsm;tajctaeESifhtwGif;&Sd tvkyform;rsm;tajctaeESifhtwGif;&Sd tvkyform;rsm;tajctaeESifhtwGif;&Sd tvkyform;rsm;tajctaeESifhv_yf&Sm;r_v_yf&Sm;r_v_yf&Sm;r_v_yf&Sm;r_wdkufyGJrsm;wdkufyGJrsm;wdkufyGJrsm;wdkufyGJrsm;????

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tvkyform;rsm;. ysrf;r#tvkkyfcsdefonf ae@pOf (9) em&DrS (12) em&D txd&SdcJhonf? tcsdK@vkyfief;cGifrsm;wGif tvkyfcsdef 14 em&D rS 16em&D txd cdkif;apjcif;cHcJh&onf?

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onfhae@twGufom tca=u;aiG&onfh pepfjzpfonf?

xdkacwfu tvkyfcdkif;aponfhpepfonf ulvDacgif;pepfudk tokH;yonf? vkyftm;cudk wywf odk@r[kwf 15&uf odk@r[kwf wv w}udrf&Sif;ay;avh&Sdonf? tvkyform;. vkyftm;cxJrS ulvDacgif;twGuf&oifhonf@ aiGrsm;udk E_wf,lyD;rS ay;avh&Sdonf? tvkyf&SifrS tvkyf

orm;udk wdkuf&dkufiSm;onfhpepfr[kwf? tvkyform;rsm;udk ulvDacgif;rS pkpnf;, cdkif;aponfhpepfjzpfonf? ulvDacgif; ESifh tvkyform;qufqHa&;onf aus;u|efESifh &mZ0wfom;rsm;tm; tm%myg;uGufom;u qufqHonfh qufqHa&;rsdK;jzpfonf? tvkyform;rsm;.pm;0wfaea&;/ ynma&;/ usef;rma&;/ vlr_a&;b0rsm; tvGefqdk;0g;edrfhusvSonf?


9/21

yxrurBmppf+yD;aemuf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;odk@ ppf. raumif;r_rSefor# tm;vkH;pkykHa&muf&Sdvmonf? txl;ojzifh tvkyform; qif;&Jom;rsm;tay:odk@ pkykHa&muf&SdvmcJhonf? azmfjycsufrSm tvkyform;rsm;. vkyftm;cESifh ae@pOftokH;p&dwf uGm[r_}uD;rm;vmcJhonf? T'g%fudk rcHr&yfEdkifatmif cHpm;=u&onf? (1913 - 1918) ckESpftwGif pm;aomufukefaps;E_ef; 93 qrS 118 qtxd jrifhwufvmcJhonf?

t0wftxnf wefbdk;onfvnf; 98 q rS 220 tq xd jrifhwufvmonf? xdktcsdefu tvkyform;rsm;.vpmonf ukefaps; E_ef;ESifhvdkkuf+yD; jrifhwufvmjcif; r&SdcJhay? txufyg tajctaersm;u tvkyform;rsm;tm; b0ay;todrsm;udk jzpfay:vmaponf? xdkaemuftvkyform;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;onf wdkufyGJomeftjzpf ay:aygufvmawmhonf?

oydwftp a&eHajruoydwftp a&eHajruoydwftp a&eHajruoydwftp a&eHajru

udkvdkeDacwf jrefrmEdkifiH. a&eHxkwfvkyfa&;vkyfief;tm;vkH;udk bDtdkpD a&eHukr%Du wOD;wnf;vuf0g;}uD;tkyfxm;onf?

a&eHwl;azmfa&;ESifh xkwfvkyfa&;vkyffief;rsm;wGif p&dwfpu oufomap&ef tar&duefa&eHwl;tvkyform;rsm;udk pmcsKyfrsm;jzifh iSm;&rf;cJhonf? xdktvkyform;rsm;ESifh wGJzufI jrefrmtvkyform;rsm;udk vufawG@oif=um;ay;cJhonf? aemufw}udrf pmcsLyftopf csLyfqdkaomtcg tar&dueftvkyform;rsm;onf &oifh&xddkufaom tvkyform;tcGifhta&;tcsdK@udk wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf? Oyrm - (u) abmeyfqka=u;aiGay;a&; (c) tdkempm &efykHaiGzGifhay;a&; (*) vpmESifh vlaer_tqifhtwef; (aetdrf/ taqmiftOD;/ tapcH/ um;) wdk;jrifhay;a&;ponfh tcsufrsm;yg0ifonf?

xdkawmif;qdkcsufrsm;a=umifh ukr%DESifh ydyuQjzpf=u&onf? ukr%Du tar&dueftvkyform;rsm;ESifh pmcsKyftopf rcsKyfqdkvdkawmhbJ/paumhwvef tvkyform;rsm;ESifh pmcsKyffcsKyfqdk&ef pDpOfcJhonf? tar&dueftvkyform;rsm;u ra=ureyfjzpfum (1916 -191&) ckESpfwGif tar&duef tvkyform;(500) cef@u oydwfwdkufyGJudk qiffE$JcJhonf? tar&dueftvkyform;rsm;. nDn$wfa&;a=umifh bDtdkpD taejzifh vdkufavsmvdkuf&onf?

tar&dueftvkyform;rsm;. oydwfwdkufyGJonf Armjynftvkyform; wdkkufyGJordkif;wGif yxrOD;qkH;wdkufyGJjzpfonf? tvkyform;rsm;.nDn$wfpGm wdkufyGJ0ifr_a=umifh t&if;&Sifrsm; tay:atmifyGJcHcJhonf qdkaom vlwef;pm;wdkufyGJoabmw&m;/ tESpfom&udk xdkvufawG@wdkufyGJrS oifcef;pm&vdkuffonf? xdktcsdefrSpwif+yD; a&eHajr tvkyform;rsm;. wdkufyGJrsm;onf ESpfpOfvdkvdk tqufrjywf ay:aygufvmcJhonf?

(1918) ckESpfwGif ukr%Dpma&;0efxrf;rsm;. wESpfv#if wv / vpmrysufcGifh&ufowfrSwfay;a&; oydwfwdkufyGJqifE$JcJhonf? xdkoydwf

wdkufyGJonf atmifjrifr_r&cJhay? ta=umif;rSm oydwfwdkufyGJqifE$Jaom pma&;0effxrf;rsm;twGif; nDnGwfr_r&Sdjcif;/ pnf;&kH;v_Haqmfr_ tm;enf;jcif;/ acgif;aqmifr_ taawG@tuHEke,fjcif;/ oydwfarSmufolrsm;taejzifh tvkyf&Sif. +cdrf;ajcmufonfh 'g%frcHEdkifjcif; ponfh tcsufrsm;a=umifh jzpfonf?

(1920) ckESpf 'DZifbmwGif oHvsif a&eHcsufpuf&kHESifh za,mif;puf&kHrsm;rS tvkyform;(8, 000) cef@ vkyftm;caiGwdk;ay;a&;twGufawmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJhonf? xdkwdkufyGJwGif vkyftm;c 10 &mcdkif;E_ef;om wdk;jrifhay;cJhonf? tjcm;awmif;qdkcsufrsm;r&cJhyg? tvkyform;rsm;. nDnGwfr_tm;enf;csufa=umifhjzpfaomfvnf; aemifwdkufyGJrsm;twGuf taxmuftul&apcJhonf?

(1921) ckESpfwGif OD;rsdK;nGef@(a&eHajr)/ OD;boD (tr&yl&) wdk@OD;aqmifr_jzifh a&eHajr tvkyform;toif; (avbm,leD,H) udk a&eHajrwGifpwifxlaxmifcJhonff?

(1923) ckESpf wGif a&eHajrtvkyform;OD;aqmifr_jzifh tvkyform;(2, 000) cef@ u awmif;qdkcsuf 6 csuf udkazmfxkwfvdkufonf?

1? vkyftm;wdk;jrifh ay;&ef2? tvkyform;rsm;tm;aetdrfaqmufvkyfay;&ef odk@r[kwf tdrfvcay;&ef3? tvkyform;&yfuGufESifh a&eHwGif;rsm;wGif a&bkHbdkifwwf qifay;&ef4? ukr%Dt&m&Sdrsm; vmbfay;vmbf,lpepfydwfyifwm;jrpf&ef5? tvkyfrSxkwfcH&olrsm;udk jyefvnftvkyf cef@tyf&ef6? \oar" tcGef avsmhayghaumufcH&ef ponfh tcsufrsm;udk wifjyum awmif;qdk/ wdkkufyGJ0ifcJhonf?awmif;qdkcsufrsm; tcsdK@&cJhonf?

(1925) ckESpfwGif &efukefqdyfurf; (pwDAD'dk ) ukefwifukefcs tvkyform;rsm; (2500) cef@u vkyftm;c ydk&&Sda&;/ t&m&Sdrsm;vbfpm; r_wmqD;ay;a&;/ ulvDacgif;rsm;. acgif;ykHjzwfr_ yaysmufapa&; ponfhtcsufrsm;udk awmif;qdk+yD; oydwfqifE$JcJh=uonf? xdkoydwfudk


10/21

vefjcm;tvkyform;rsm;/ cs,f*g&D tvkyform;rsm;/ opfpuf/ qefpuf/ rD;&xm;ukefwifukefcs tdENd,tvkyform; (15, 000) ausmfuvnf; tuloydwfjzifh axmufcHcJhonf? vkyftm;c tenf;i,f jyifqifay;&kHrSvGJ+yD; tjcm;awmifqdkcsufrsm;r&cJhay?

(1925) ckESpf =o*kwfvwGif {&m0wD (jynfwGif;a&a=umif;ukr%D) rS tvkyform; 3000 cef@u vkyftm;cwdk;ay;a&;twGuf oydwfarSmufawmif;qdkcJhonf? oydwfumv 5 v=umonf? xdkumvtwGif; Armtvkyform;rsm;jzifh tpm;xdk;cJhonf? oydwfratmifjrifjzpfcJh&onf? oydwfarSmuf tvkyform;rsm;rSm tdENd,trsdK;om;rsm;jzpfonf? xdkoydwfa=umifh vlrsdK;a&;rkef;wD;r_udk ydkIjzpfapcJhonf?

(1926) ckESpf azazmf0g&DvwGif a&eHajrtvkyform;toif;}uD;rS OD;aqmifI a&eHacsmif;r@wGif bDtdkpD tvkyform; 4000 ausmfxyfrHoydwfarSmuf=uonf? &ufowW 3 ygwfausmf=umcJhonf? avbmAsLdk (tvkyform;apmifha&Smufa&;Xme) . aESmuf,Sufr_rsm;cH&onf? xdkAsL&dkonf AsLdku&ufvufyg;aprsm;jzifhzGJ@pnf;xm;onf? tvkyform;rsm;u xdkAsL&kd. taESmuf,Sufay;r_tm; a&eHwGif; rsm;udkrD;wifd_@jcif;vnf;aumif;/ AsLdku&ufvufyg;aprsm;udk acsmif;ajrmif;&dkufESufjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif; t=urf;zufwkef@jyefcJhonf?

xdkoydwfa=umifh tvkyform;rsm;onf rdrdwdk@. tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wdk;wufcHpm;cGifh tcsdK@&&SdcJh=uonf?

(1930) ckESpf wGif &efukefqdyfurf; (pwDAD'dk) tvkyform;oydwfxyfrHjzpfyGm;cJonf? xdkpOfu qdyfurf;tvkyform;trsm;pkonf tdENd,tvkyform;rsm;jzpf=uonf? wae@ tvkyfcsdef 12 em&D vkyf&onf? vkyftm;crS w&uf 1usyf 8 yJ&onf? wvv#if tvkyf vkyf&uf 10- 12 &ufcef@om vkyf=u&onf? tvkyform;wa,muf. wv0ifaiGrSm 15 usyfrS 18 usyftxdom&Sdonf? ulvDacgif;rsm;u tqdkygvpmxJrS jzwfawmuf,lao;onf? tvkyform;rsm;tay:vnf; twdk;E_ef;rsm;pGmjzifh aiGacs;pm;cJhonf? xdk'g%frsm;a=umifh tvkyform;

(5000) cef@ oydwfarSmuf=uonf? vkyftm;c 2 usyfxd wdk;ay;&ef/ ulvDacgif;tkyfcsKyfonfh pepfzsufodrf;ay;&ef/ wvw}udrf vpmudktvkyform;odk@ wdkuf&dkuf&Sif;vif;ay;&ef ponfhtcsufrsm;awmif;qdk=uonf? oydwfarSmufumv &ufowW (2 ) ygwf=umonf?

xdkpOfu urBmhpD;yGm;ysufuyf (1929) 'g%fa=umiffh Armjynf&Sd v,form;rsm; pyg;aps;E_ef;usonfh'g%f tvl;vJcHcJh=u&onf? v,f,majrrsm; pGef@vGwfvdkuf&onftxdjzpfcJh&onf? v,frJh,mrJhjzpf+yD; r@ay: &&mtvkyfvkyfudkif&onfh tjzpfqdk;jzifh uHawG@cJh&onfh umvjzpfonf? qdyfurf;tvkyform;rsm; oydwfarSmufaeojzifh oydwfarSmuf tvkyform;rsm;ae&modk@ Armtvkyform;rsm;jzifh tpm;xdk;jcif;cHvdkuf&onf? aemufqkH; tvkyform;oydwfonf awmifhrcHEdkifyJ vkyftm;c wae@ 1 usyf 12 yJE_ef;jzifh aphpyfvdkuf&onf? e,fcJs@t&if;&SifpepfatmufwGif tvkyfvufrJhrsm;udk jzpfay:ap+yD;/ tvkyform;aps;uGufwGif tvkyform;tcsif;csif; ydyuQudkvnf; jzpfay:apcJhonf?

(1930) ckESpf arv wGifjzpfcJhonf ukvm; - Arm t"duk%f;onf TuJodk@ tajctaersm;a=umifhjzpfyGm;cJh&onf? (1920 - 30) ckESpfrsm;twGif; ESpfpOf ta&;}uD;vkyfief;rsm;wGif oydwfarSmufr_wckpD jzpfcJhonf? (1931 - 36) ckESpfrsm;wGif ysrf;r# oydwfarSmufr_ wESpf

v#if 4 ck r# ay:aygufcJhonf? oydwfrsm;. =umjrifhcsdefumvonf (3 ) ywfcef@&Snf=umonf?

(1937(1937(1937(1937 ---- 41) ckESpf 'kwd,umv tvkyform;rsm;41) ckESpf 'kwd,umv tvkyform;rsm;41) ckESpf 'kwd,umv tvkyform;rsm;41) ckESpf 'kwd,umv tvkyform;rsm; tajctaeESifh wdkufyGJrsm;tajctaeESifh wdkufyGJrsm;tajctaeESifh wdkufyGJrsm;tajctaeESifh wdkufyGJrsm;

TumvwGif jynfwGif;jynfy EdkifiHa&;wdkufyGJrsm;. *,uf&dkufcwfr_onf Armjynftvkyform;v_yf&Sm;r_udk a&S@odk@wGef;aqmfr_ jzpfay:apcJhonf? xdkEdkifiHa&;wdkufyGJrsm;ESifh qufpyfonfh EdkifiHtajctaersm;rSm - (1930) ckESpf q&mpH OD;aqmifcJhonf@ v,form;awmfvSefa&;/urBmhpD;yGm;ysufuyf. &kdufcwfr_rsm;/ +Adwdo#tpdk;&. &ufpufpGmzdESdyfr_a=umiffh *sDpDbDat ( jrefrmEdkifiHtoif;csKyf}uD;) tydkif;ydkif; tpdwfpdwfjzifh yuGJ&jcif;/ e,fcJs@qef@usifa&; 0HomEkvkyfief;rsm;udk ESdyfuGyfzsufqD;jcif;/ EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmiftcsdK@ e,fcJs@ESifh yl;aygif;oGm;jcif;/(1917) ckESpf &k&Sm;tvkyform;wdk@. r[matmufwdkbmawmfvSefa&;rS qdk&S,fvpftawG;tac:rsm; ysHESH@vmjcif;/ r[wWr*END acgif;aqmifaom tdENd,trsdK;om;uGef*&uf. vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJrS vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_ yJhwif&dkufcwfoHrsm; ponftajctaewdk@jzpfonf?

jynfwGif;jynfy EdkifiHa&;wdkufyGJrsm;ESifh jzpfay:ajymif;vJaeaom EdkifiHa&;tajctaersm;onf vGwfvyfa&; awmif;qdk/ wdkufyGJ0ifaeonfh

wdkif;cspfjynfcspfvli,frsm;tay: }uD;rm;onfh =oZmoufa&mufr_udk jzpfay:apcJhonf? xdktcsdefrSpwif+yD; rsdK;cspfpdwf&Sdonfh vli,frsm;onf tqif;&J yifyef;cHum jynfolw&yfvkH;udk e,fcsJ@qefusifha&;pdwf"gwfrsm;jzifh pnf;&kH;v_HaqmfcJh=uonff?

wdk@Armtpnf;tkH;. yxrt}udrfnDvmcH (a&eHacsmif; nDvmcH}uD;) udk (1935) ckESpf/ rwf/ (30) &ufae@wGifusif;ycJhonf? xdknDvmcH+yD;aemuf pnf;kH;a&;e,fy,f us,fjyef@vmcJhonf? tvkyform;/ v,form;/ ausmif;om; vli,ftrsdL;orD;rsm;. vlxkvlwef;pm;qdkif&m tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udkvnf; wdk;wufzGJ@pnf;EdkifcJhonf? wdk@Armtpnf;t&kH;onf (1936) ckESpfrSpI tvkyform;rsm;. oydwfwdkufyGJrsm;udk ulnD+yD;ajz&Sif;ay;cJhonf? yxrOD;qkH;t}udrftjzpf tif;pdef/ pOfhil wa,m pGyfus,fpuf tvkyform;oydwfudk ulnDajz&Sif;ay;EdkifcJhonf? tvkyform; tif;tm; (500) jzifhoydwfarSmufcJonf? puf&kHrefae*smudk tvkyfrS xkwfy,fvdkuff&onftxd atmifjrifr_&cJhonf?


11/21

(1937) ckESpf ar 15 &ufwGif tvkyform; (400)ausmfyg0ifonf urm&Gwf a&mfbmpuf&kH oydwf/ ZGef 1&ufae@wGif tvkyform;tiftm; 150 yg0ifonfh ordkif;/ a$ig; ud;puf oydwf/ (1937) ckESpf Zlvdkif 6 &ufwGif tvkyform; (70) yg0iffonfh ordkif;csnfr#if/ aq;qdk;tvkyf&kHoydwf ponfhrsm;jzpfyGm;cJhygonf?

(1300) jynfh ta&;awmfykH pwif&m a&eHajr(1300) jynfh ta&;awmfykH pwif&m a&eHajr(1300) jynfh ta&;awmfykH pwif&m a&eHajr(1300) jynfh ta&;awmfykH pwif&m a&eHajr

1300 jynfhta&;awmfykHonf udkvdkeDacwf EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;teuf jynfolvlxk. tjyif;xefqkH;aom EdkifiHa&;v_yf&Sm;r_ wckjzpfonf?

1300 (1938) jynfhESpfonf t*Fvdyftpdk;&u rv$Ja&SmifombJ jrefrmEdkifiHtm; 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;pepfjzifh pwifprf;oyfaomESpfjzpfonf? xdktkyfcsKyfa&;pepfonf yGJOD;xGuf vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;jzifh &ifqdkufvdkuf&onf?

1300 jynfhta&;awmfykH}uD;. yGJOD;xGuf v_yf&Sm;r_rSm a&eHajr tvkyform;rsm;oydwfjzpfonf? 1938 ckESpf ZEM0g&Dvqef;wGif acsmufr@&SdbDtdkpD a&eHukr%Du tusdK;ta=umif;r&Sd tvkyform;rsm;udk zdESdyfr_pwifvmcJhonf? xdkta=umif;tcsufrsm;a=umifh tvkyform;rsm;onf vkyfief;cGifrS xGufvmu ZEM0g&D 8 &ufwGifpwifoydwfarSmufvdkufonf? bDtdkpD tvkyform;rsm;oydwfudk axmufcHaomtm;jzifh tdkifbDyD (Indo-Burma Petroleum Co.) / tifeftdkpD (Nath Singh Oil Co.) ukr`%Drsm;rS tvkyform;rsm;uvnf; rdrdwdk@vkyfief;cGifrS xGufcGmum oydwfarSmufvdkuf=uonf? acsmuf a&eHajroydwfonf rdkvm/ vrf;&Gm/ pOfhil/ a&eH=uyf/ a&eHacsmif; a'orsm; rSa&eHajrrsm;odk@ awmrD;yrm ul;pufoGm;onf? Todk@jzifh tvkyform;rsm;ESifh a&eHukr%Drsm; ( bDtdkpD/ tdkifbDyD/ tifeftdkpD) t=um; xdyfwdkuftm;yifyGJ}uD;jzpfvmawmhonf?

a&eHajr tvkyform;oydwfonf ,ckcsufcsif; jzpfay:cJhaomm oydwfrsm;r[kwfcJhyg? umv=umjrifhpGmuwnf;u wnf&SdcJhaom a&eHukr

%Drsm;. rw&m;zdESdyfr_udk jyefvnfwkef@jyefvmcJh&rS ay:aygufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf?

a&eHajr tvkyform;[email protected]&eHajr tvkyform;[email protected]&eHajr tvkyform;[email protected]&eHajr tvkyform;wdk@. b0tajctae (udkvdkeDacwf)b0tajctae (udkvdkeDacwf)b0tajctae (udkvdkeDacwf)b0tajctae (udkvdkeDacwf)

jrefrmjynf vlOD;a&. 85 cef@onf v,form;rsm;jzpf=uonf? vlOD;a&. 1.5 onf a&eHajrtvkyform;rsm;jzpf=uonf? xdka&eHajrtvkyform;rsm;onf wESpfv#if oef; 250 usyfwefzdk;&Sdaom a&eH/ "gwfqD/ a&eHqD/ za,mif; ponfh vlokH;/ pufokH; obm0xGufukefrsm;udk xkwfvkyfay;&onf?

udkvdkeDtkyfcsLyfa&;,EWm&m;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;pepfqdk;atmuf&Sd jynfolvlxk. aexdkifr_b0onf tvGefqdk;0g;onf? v,form;onf v,fvkyf&if;xrif;iwf&onf? a&eHxkwfvkyfay;aom tvkyform;onf rD;cGufxGef;&ef a&eHqDr&Sdjzpf&onf? opf0g;xkwfvkyfay;&aom tvkyform;onf aep&mtdrfr&SdjzpfcJh&onf?

v,f,moD;ESHrsm;udk blvif*sm yl;vfESifh pwD;b&m;om;ukr%D}uD;rsm;u vuf0g;}uD;tkyfcsKyfudkifxm;onf? a&eHvkyfief;udk bDtdkpD/ tdkifyDbD/ tifeftdkpD/ bDbDyDpD ukr%D}uD;rsm;u csKyfudkifxm;onf? bDtdkpD ukr%Du "etiftm;t}uD;qkH; ukr%Djzpfonf? xdkukr%Drsm;.&if;ESD;jrKyfESHr_ tcsdK;tqudk=unfhrnfqdkv#if - bDbDyDpD(British- Burma Petroleum Co.) 6.2 / tdkifbDyD 17 / bDtdkpD rS 76. 8 toD;oD; &Sd=uonf?

(1937) ckESpf bDtdkpD cs,f,mrif. ESpfcsLyftpD&ifcHpmwGif (1935) ckESpfu bDtdkpDukr%Du usyfoef; (40) ausmf tom;wif tjrwfaiG&Sda=umifhawG@&Sd&onf? (1937) ckESpf .tom;wifjrwfaiGrSm usyf (12*) oef; (tjrwfcGefESifhrD;tmrcHtjrwftyg0if) &Sdonf? xdktjrwfaiG

xJrS tvkyform; (20,000) udk usyfaiG (8)oef;omxkwfay;cJhonf? bDtdkpD tkyfcsLyfolESifh tpk&S,f,m0ifxm;olrsm;u usef&SdonfhtjrwfaiG usyfoef;(120) udk oydwf0if tdwf0if&vdkufonfhoabmyifjzpfonf? "e&Sif (vkyfief;&Sif) ESifh tvkyform; wdk@&&SdvdkufonfhaiG tcsdK;tpm;rSm 16 ; 1 jzpfonf? em&Dtm;jzifh tcsdK;wGuf=unfhv#if tvkyform;onf "e&Sifay;aom vkyftm;c twGufwae@vkyfcsdef8em&D. 16 ykH 1 ykH jzpfaom em&D0ufvkyfvdkufv#if wm0efausonf? odk@aomf usef 7 em&D 30 rdepf tvkyfcsdefonf tvkyf&Sif ("e&Sif)twGuf vkyfudkifay;&onfh t"dy`g,foufa&mufonf?

tvkyform;rsm;tm; r=umr=um ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK;jyum tvkyfzwfypfwwfonf? vl 4, 5 a,mufjzifhvkyf&aomtvkyfudk vl 2a,muf/ 3 a,mufjzifh vkyfcdkif;apjcif;rsm;udkvnf;awG@&onf? owfrSwfonfh tvkyfcsdefxufydkI vkyfvm&wmrsdK;u ESpf&Snf =umvmonfhtcg tvkyform;rsm;onf tvkyf0efydonfh'g%frsm; cHpm;vm=u&onf? vkyfief;cGif oufomacsmifcsdr_bufu =unfhrnf qdkv#ifvnf; tvGef;qdk;0g;wmrsdK;udkawG@&jyefonf?

a&eHajrtvkyform;rsm;onf tvGefyljyif;aom aea&mifatmufwGif a&eHaiG@rsm;udk tqufrjywfd_duf&onf? a&eHwl;azmfaepOf uef@aiG@rsm;udkvnf;d_uf=u&onf? ESpf&Snf tvkyform;rsm;tzdk@ tqkwfa&mifa&m*gESifh ESvkH;a&m*grsm; wajz;ajz;pGJuyfvmonfh a0'emonfrsm;udkvnf; awG@jrif&onf?


12/21

usef;rma&;raumif;onfh tvkyform;rsm; cGifhr,l&J=uyg? cGifh,lv#if vpmtjzwfcH&rSmpdk;aoma=umifhjzpfonf? tawmftoifh usef;rma&;raumif;aomfvnf; tvkyfqif;=u&onf? a&eHvkyfief;ESifh qufpyftvkyform;vnf; Todk@cHpm;=u&onf? ysrf;r# touf(80) ae=u&rnfh tvkyform;rsm;onf touf(40) ausmfvmv#if a&m*gxlajymvmonf? touf (60)ESpf rjynfhrSD uG,fvGef cJh=uonf?

txufyg tajctaersm;u tvkyform;wdk@. aexdkifr_b0wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmapzdk@wGef;aqmfay;aeonf? 8. 1. 38 ae@ u acsmufa&eHajr tvkyform;rsm; pwifoydwfarSmuf&jcif; ta=umif;t&if;rsm;jzpfonf? acsmuf a&eHajr tvkyfXmersm;toD;oD;rS tvkyform; (5000) ausmfwdk@onf anmifjzLyif&yfuGuf&Sd abmvkH;uGif;wGifpka0;+yD; vlxktpnf;ta0;}uD;w&yfudk usif;yvdkuf=uonf? xdk

aemuf tvkyform;rsm;. awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk xkwfjyefvdkuf=uonf?

xdkawmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm atmufygwdkif;jzpfonf?

(1) tvkyform;rsm;tm; vkyfc&Sif;ay;&mY ae@pm;pepfrS vcpm;pepfodk@ajymif;ay;&ef?(2) wESpfv#if tm;vyfcGifhtjzpf 53 &uf vpmrysuf cGifhay;&ef?(3) ukr%DuzGifhvSpfwnfaxmif ay;xm;aom qef/ a&eHqD ESifh tjcm;txnfypPnf;tcsdK@ jzef@csda&; ukefpkHqdkif}uD;udk pDrHcef@cGJ

&mY tvkyfform;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; udk,fwdkifyg0ifaqmifGufcGifhay;&ef ?(4) tvkyform;wef;vsm;rsm; wdk;wuf aumif;rGefpGmxyfrHaqmufvkyfay;&ef?(5) tvkyform; tdrfaxmifpktm;vkH;twGuf tdrfwef;vsm;rsm; tvkHtavmufaqmufvkyfae&mcsay;&ef?(6) pkHaxmuf&kH; (avbmAsL&dk&kH;) tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@wGif tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifcGifhay;&ef?(&) tvkyfcGifwGifjzpfay:aom a&Smifwcifr_rsm;a=umifhif;/ vkyfcrysuf aq;ukocGifhay;&ef?

(*) yifpifpepf jyefvnfxlaxmifay;&ef?(9) ,ciftcgu tvkyform;wdk@tm; vdkufavsmay;bl;onfh tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ukr%Du jyefvnfr&kyfodrf;&ef?

(5)

1300jynfhta&;awmfykH odk@r[kwf (1938) t1300jynfhta&;awmfykH odk@r[kwf (1938) t1300jynfhta&;awmfykH odk@r[kwf (1938) t1300jynfhta&;awmfykH odk@r[kwf (1938) taxGaxGoydwfta&;awmfykHaxGaxGoydwfta&;awmfykHaxGaxGoydwfta&;awmfykHaxGaxGoydwfta&;awmfykH

tvkyform;rsm;. oydwfonf (11) veD;yg;r#=umjrifhonfhwdkif ukr`%Drsm;u awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk tenf;i,fomvdkfuf avsmcJhonf?oydwfjy\emajyvnfr_r&SdcJhay? xdk@a=umifh (1938) ckESpf Edk0ifbm 29 &ufae@wGif tvkyform;xk}uD;. tpnf;ta0;w&yf usif;ycJhonf? xdktpnf;a0;rS tvkyform;rsm;. epfemcsufrsm;ESifh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk tpkd;&odk@ rdrdwdk@ udk,fwdkifoGm;a&muf wifjy&efqkH;jzwfvdkuf=uonf?

Todk@jzifh usef;rmoefpGrf;aom oydwftvkyform;tiftm; (2000)cef@ onf (1938) ckESpf Edk0ifbm 30 &ufeHeuf 6 em&DwGif acsmufr@rS &efukefodk@ ajcvsifc&D;pwifvdkuf=uawmhonf? tjcm;tvkyform;rsm;u rdkif tcsdK@xdvdkufygydk@aqmif=uonf? tvkyform;oydwfwyfonf wae@ 15 rdkif E_ef;jzifh csDwufvrf;av#mufcJh=uonf?

oydwfwyfzGJonf rauG;r@odk@ 'DZifbm 4 &ufae@wGif qdkufa&mufcJhonf? rauG;aps;ajrmufzuf&Sd rJxD;zkef;}uD;ausmif;wGif pcef;cs&yfem;=uonf? oydwfwyf OD;pD;acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfaom ocifAwif/ ocifcif/ ab;rJhq&mawmf OD;0g,romrd/ OD;*E


13/21

vrf;nGefcsuf&vdkuf+yDjzpfaom tvkyform;wyf}uD;onfvnf; aemufw&uf eHeuf (6) em&DwGif eHygwfwkwfudkif ykvdyfwyfzGJ@/ vSHpGyfwyf/aoeyfudkifwyf/ jrif;pD;wyfrsm;twGif;odk@ xdk;0ifzcGJI csDwuf=uawmhonf?

r@olr@om;rsm;u 0dkif;0ef;tm;ay;=uonf? usqkH;ol/ 'g%f&m&ol/ qGJcsKyftzrf;cH&ol trsm;tjym;&Sdaomfvnf; aemufrwGef@=uawmhay? &dkufESufaom eHygwfwkwfudkifykvdyfrsm;/ r@olr@om;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm; a&maxG;ukefI vSHpGyfaoewfrsm; okH;r&jzpfcJhonf? jrif;pD;ykvdyfrsm;u 0ifI&dkufjyefonf? r@olr@om;rsm;u &&mvufeufjzifh nmoHay;I ckcH=uonf? jrif;pD;ykvdyfrsm; wyfvefukef=ujyefonf? xdkodk@jzpfaecsdef csdwfquf vkyfxm;onfhtwdkif; udkA[def;u axmif trdk;ay:wufI axmifom;rsm;tm; v_Haqmfw&m; a[mjyef

onf? axmifwGif;rSmvnf; &kwf&kwfoJoJjzpfukefawmhonf? axmifql+yDtxifjzifh ykvdyfrsm; axmifbufodk@ulnD&ef ajy;oGm;=ujyefonf? xdktcGifhtcgaumif;udk tokH;y+yD; oydwfwyf}uD;onf rauG; tjyifbufodk@ atmifjrifpGmazmufxGufEdkifcJhonf?

qufvufc&D;xGufvmpOf acsmacsmarG@arG@jzpfcJhonf? vrf;wGifv,form;rsm;uvnf; tvkyform;oydwfwyfjzifh ylaygif;vdkuf=uonf?

v,form; (20,000) ausmftxdyg0ifcJhonf? tvkyform;ta&;tcif; oufoufr[kwfawmhyJ tvkyform;/ v,form;/ ausmiff;om;rsm;. trsdK;om;vuQ%maqmifonf e,fcsJ hqef@usifa&;wdkufyGJtjzpf ul;ajymif;oGm;cJhonf?

udkA[def;/ udkAaqG ponfhausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm; tzrf;cH&jcif;a=umifh rauG;ausmif;om;rsm; pwifI oydwfarSmufqENjy=uonf?xdkrSwqifh wjynfvkH;odk@ausmif;om;oydwfrsm; ul;pufoGm;awmhonf? (1938) ckESpf 'DZifbm 20 &ufae@wGif &efukef&Sd twGif;0ef&kH;udkausmif;om;rsm;u 0dkif;&Hvdkuf=uonf? t*Fvdyfjrif;pD;ykvdyfrsm;. vufcsufjzifh ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkatmifausmf usqkH;cJh+yD;ausmif;om;- ausmif;ol (200)ausmf'g%f&m&cJhonf?

a&eHajrtvkyform;oydwfwyf}uD;u ppfa=umif;wa=umif;jzifh &efukefodk@csDwufvmaepOf tjcm;wzuf yJcll;c&dkifESifh oxkHc&dkif wdk@rS v,form;ppfa=umif;rsm;jzifh csDwufvmae=uonf? v,form;rsm; csDwuf&onfh ta=umif;t&if;rSm 91 XmetkyfcsKyfa&;v$wfawmfuv,foD;pm;Oya'rl=urf;/ v,fv$Jajymif;a&;Oya'rl=urf;/ wuUodkvfOya'jyifqifa&;rl=urf;wdk@ aqG;aEG;aecsdefjzpfonf? wdk@Armtpnf;t&kH;. vufatmufcH tzGJ@tpnf;wckjzpfaom awmifolv,form; tpnf;t&kH;}uD;u v,form;rsm;ESifhywfoufonfh Oya'rl=urf;udk twnfyay;&ef wjynfvkH;odk@ pnf;&kH;v_Haqmf+yD; qENjyaeonfhumvvnf;jzpfonf? (1938) ckESpf 'DZifbm 14 &ufae@wGif

ysOf;rem;/ awmifil/ yJcl;/ oxkHc&dkifrS v,form;tiftm; (20,000) jzifh &efukef/ Oya'yvGwfawmfodk@ qENjy&ef csDwufvm=ujcif;jzpfonf? xdkv,form;ppfa=umif;onf &efukefodk@ 'DZifbm 19 &ufae@wGif qdkufa&mufonf? a&$wd*kH &ifjyifawmfY wyfpGJvdkufonf?

a&eHajroydwfonf 1939 ckESpf ZEM0g&D 8 &ufae@wGif &efukefokd@qdkufa&mufonf? xdkae@wGif a&$wd*kH &ifjyifwGif a&eHoydwf/ v,form;oydwf/ ausmif;om;oydwf/ 0efxrf;oydwf ponfh oydwfaygif;pkH tpnf;ta0;}uD;w&yfudk usif;yvdkuf=uonf?

&efukefwGif tvkyform;/ v,form;/ ausmif;om;rsm; oydwfwdkufyGJqifE$JaecsdefwGif rEWav;r@rS jynfolvlxku &efukefoydwfaygif;pkHudk

axmufcHqENjycJh=uonf? (1939) ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv 10 &ufae@wGif tdrfawmf&mbk&m;Y r@vkH;u|wf qENjyvlxk tpnf;ta0;}uD;w&yfusif;ycJhonf? tpnf;ta0;odk@ &[ef;oHCm/ oydwfarSmufausmif;om;/ ausmif;olrsm;/ r@ay:&Sdtoif;tzGJ@aygif;pkHrS vlxktiftm;(200,000) ausmfwufa&mufcJhonf? tpnf;ta0;qkH;jzwfcsuft& vlxk}uD;onf e,fcsJ@pepf. zdESdyf&ufpufr_udk pDwef;vSnfh vnf+yD;qENjy=u&efjzpfonf?

qENjyvlxk}uD;onf okH;a&mifcs,ftvHrsm;/ cGyfa'gif;tvHrsm;/ qdkif;yk'frsm;udkifaqmifvsuf tdrfawmf&moydwfpcef;rS qdkif;wef;vrf;/ xdkrSwqifh26 bDvrf;twdkif; auG;a=umfoHrsm;jzifh csDwufvmcJhonf? csDwufvmaom vlxk}uD;udk vufeufudkfifwyfjzifh toifhapmifhaeaom t*Fvdyfppfwyfu bDvrf;ay:&Sd trfyD&D;,Jvf b%fa&S@wGif ta&muf aoewfjzifhypfcwfESdrfeif;cJhonf? xdkypfcwfr_ wGif &[ef;awmf(7 ) yg;/ ausmif;om; (3) OD;/ t&yfom;jynfol (7) OD; aoewfxdrSefIusqkH;cJhonf? usqkH;ausmif;om;( 3 ) OD;wGif touf(12) ESpft&G,f ausmif;om; Adkvfwifatmifvnf;yg0ifonf? trsm;tjym; 'g%f&m&=uonf? 'g%f&m&olxJwGif &efukefrS wufvmaom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif udkvSarmif (AdkvfaZa,s ) aygifwGif aoewftrSefcH&onf?

vufeufrJh &[ef;&Sifvl jynfolwdk@tm; &ufpufpGmypfowfcJhaom owif;qdk;onf wjynfvkH;odk@ ysH@ESHoGm;cJhonf? &efukefwGif wdk@Armtpnf;t&kH;rS OD;aqmifI taocHAdkvfrsm;aG;um pDwef;vSnfhvnfum qENjycJh=uonf? atmifvHr@wGif usif;yaomvlxkqENjyyGJwGifvnf; ykvdyfypfcwfr_a=umifh AdkvfAzdk; usqkH;cJh&onf?

udkvdkeDjrefrmEdkifiHordkif;Y (1300) jynfh ta&;awmfykHonf jynfolvlxk. nDnGwfr_pGrf;tm;udk tpGrf;ukefazmfjyvdkufonfh ordkif;rSwfwdkifwckjzpfonf?

tusdk;quftm;jzifh a'gufwmAarmf nGef@aygif;tpdk;&ywfusoGm;onf? OD;yk tpdk;&wufvmonf? odk@aomf tvkyform;/ v,form;oef;aygif;rsm;aom jynfolwdk@b0um;xl;jcm;ajymif;vJrvmcJhyg? 1300jynfh ta&;awmfykH}uD;tm; e,fcsJ@tpdk;&u tiftm;okH;+yD; t


14/21

=urf;zufzcGJcJhonf? tEkenf;jzifhvnf;zcGJcJhonf? xdktcsdefrSpI wdk@Armtpnf;t&kH;}uD;vnf; wdk;wufaom ocifudk,fawmfrd_if;*dk%f; ESifhocifApdef*dk%f; [lIuGJcJhonf?

vlxkESifhcsDaomwdkufyGJwdkif;/ v_yf&Sm;r_wdkif;wGif tawG@tuHESifh oifcef;pm&&Sdp+rJjzpfonf? (1300) jynfhta&;awmfykHrS ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJrsm;twGuf jynfolrsm;. b0rsm;/ toufrsm;ESifh&if;ESD;cJh&onfh oifcef;pmrsm;udk &&Sdvdkufygonf? 1300 jynfh ta&;awmfykHonf &nfrSef;csufodk@ wcsDwnf;jzifh rcsDwufwufEdkifcJhyg? qkH;_H;cJh&onf?

ta&;awmfykHrS ta&;}uD;oifcef;pm ESpfck&&Sdvdkufygonf?

yxroifcef;pmyxroifcef;pmyxroifcef;pmyxroifcef;pm rSm tiftm;tqrwef}uD;rm;onfh acwfopfe,fcsJ@ orm;udk tEdkifwdkufzdk@qdkv#if/ awmfvSefa&;oabmw&m;vufeuf wwfqifxm;onfh/ pnf;urf;wif;=uyfonfh ygwDw&yf. acgif;aqmifr_&Sd&rnf? trsdL;om;a&;0g' oufoufudk vrf;nGefxm;um avsmh&J&JzGJ@pnf;xm;onfh ygwD. acgif;aqmifr_rsdK;jzifh wdkufyGJqifvdk@r&Edkif qdkonfh oifcef;pmjzpfonf?'kwd,oifcef;pm'kwd,oifcef;pm'kwd,oifcef;pm'kwd,oifcef;pm rSm acwfrSDppfwyfudk tokH;y+yD; zdESdyftkyfcsKyfaeonfh e,fcsJ@tpdk;&udk tEdkifwdkufcsifv#if acwfrSDtrdsK;om;wyfrawmf w&yfxlaxmif&rnf? vufeufrJh&ifqdkifv#ifvkH;0 tEdkifr&Edkifbl; qdkonfh oifcef;pmrsm;jzpfygonf?

ocifatmifqef;. *k%faus;Zl;onf xdkt&mESpfckudk &&Sdvmatmif xlaxmifcJholrsm;teuf a&S@qkH;wef;uyg0ifcJhonfh aumif;r_jzpfonf?

xdkta&;}uD;oifcef;pmrsm;tjyif pnf;&kH;Edkifonfh tiftm;rsm;udk tus,fjyef@qkH; pnf;&kH;xm;onfh awmfvSefonfhwyfaygif;pkSd&rnf qdkaomoifcef;pmudkvnf; &&Sdvdkufao;onf?

txufygoifcef;pmrsm;ESifh tawG@tuHrsm;t& e,fcsJ@pepfESifh ya'o&mZfajr&Sifpepf qef@usifa&;wdkufyGJudk jywfom;pGm qifE$JEdkifa&;twGuf ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDudk zGJ@pnf;cJh=ujcif;jzpfonf?

ygwDwnfaxmifpOfu tzGJ@0if(7) OD;jzifh yg0ifzGJ@pnf;cJhonf? ygwD pwifwnfaxmifolrsm;rSm ocifatmifqef;/ ocifA[def;/ ocifvSaz/ocifpdk;/ ocifbdk/ &Jabmfbwif (*dk&S,f) ESihf &Jabmf xGef;armif ( a'gufwmewf) wdk@jzpfonf? ocifatmifqef;onf ygwD. yxrqkH;taxGaxGtwGif;a&;r_;csKyfjzpfonf? ygwD. EdkifiHa&;t& OD;aqmifr_jzifh e,fcJs@qef@usifa&;/ trsdK;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJudk qifEGJumArmjynfudkf udkvdkeDxrf;ydk;atmufrS vGwfajrmufapcJhonf? xdkygwDonf ,ae@tcsdeftxd Armjynf tkyfpdk;olvlwef;pm; tqufqufudkqef@usifwdkufcdkufaeonf? tvkyform;vlwef;pm;vGwfajrmufa&; wyfOD;ygwDtjzpf qufvufwdkufyGJ0ifaeonf? Armjynf&Sd EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;teuf oufwrf;t&Snf=umqkH; EdkifiHa&;ygwDwckvnf;jzpfonf? ajratmufEdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfaeonf?

zwyv (aemif zqyv) zGJ@pnf;jcif;/ rsdK;cspfArmhwyfrawmfESifh &Jacgifaysmuf=um;wyf zGJ@pnf;jcif;wdk@onf xdkta&;awmfykH. oifcef;pm

rsm;ESifh tawG@tuHrsm;t& zGJ@pnf;jcif;jzpfonf?

(1939 -1945) 'kwd,urBmppfumvwGif em;vnfxm;onfh t,ltqrsm;udk vufawG@usifhokH;EdkifcJhonf? vufawGusifhokH;jcif;Edkifojzifh renf;vSaom tudsK;tjrwfrsm;udkvnf; &&Sdapvdkufonf? &efig tajctaeESifh tcsdK;tpm;ajymif;jyefvSefI ajymif;oGm; cJhonf?

(1300) jynfh ta&;awmfykH}uD; _H;edrfhoGm;cJhaomfvnf;/ _H;edrfhr_tay: rSefrSefuefuefokH;oyf ed*kH;csKyf+yD; oifcef;pmaumif;rsm; xkwf,lEdkifcJh=uonf? jyifqifoifhwmjyifqif/ r&Sdwmudk &Sdatmifvkyfjcif;jzifh aemufqkH;wGif atmifjrifr_&&SdcJhonf? (1300) jynfh ta&;awmfykH (10)ESpfjynfhajrmufonfhtcg usaemfwdk@ ArmEdkifiHonf t8Fvdyfe,fcsJ@xrf;ydk;atmufrS vGwfajrmufvmcJhygonf? xdkta&;awmfykHu ay;vdkufaom oifcef;pmrsm;ESifh tawG@tuHrsm;udk rSefrSefuefuef wefzdk;rxm;cJhv#if (1948) ckESpfwGif atmifyGJ&Edkifrnf r[kwfacs?

xdka=umifhvlr_awmfvSefa&;w&yfwGif ordkif;oifcef;pmrsm;udk rSefuefpGmxkwf,l+yD; vufawG@usifhokH;wwfzdk@ tvGefta&; }uD;ygonf?

ta&;awmfykH+yD;aemuf tvkyform;vlwef;pm;v_yf&Sm;r_ tajctaeta&;awmfykH+yD;aemuf tvkyform;vlwef;pm;v_yf&Sm;r_ tajctaeta&;awmfykH+yD;aemuf tvkyform;vlwef;pm;v_yf&Sm;r_ tajctaeta&;awmfykH+yD;aemuf tvkyform;vlwef;pm;v_yf&Sm;r_ tajctae

1300 jynfhta&;awmfykH+yD;aemuf (1940) ckESpfwGif &efukef tif;pdefESifh pufr_vkyfief;a'orsm; r@}uD;rsm;wGif tvkyform;. pnf;&kH;r_tajctae wdk;wufaumif;rGefvmonf? (1941) ckESpfwGif tvkyf&kHpuf&kHaygif; (10)ck oydwfarSmuf=uonf? (1941) ckESpfwGif aiGpuULpuf&kHoydwf/ w&kwfjynfodk@ wifoGif;onfh armfawmfum; wwfqifa&;vkyfief;rsm;oydwfESifh {&m0wDqdyfurf; ukefwifukefcsvkyfief;oydwf ponfwdk@ tqufrjywfjzpfay:cJhonf?

(1940) ckESpf'DZifbmvwGif tdENd,tvkyfform;oydwfESifh ywfouf+yD;/ tdENd,tvkyform; acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf=uonfh *dk&S,f/ rl*g&SD/ rGef&SdESifh a'gufwmewfwdk@udk zrf;qD;+yD; e,fESif'g%fay;vdkufonf? jrefrmEdkifiHtESHtjym;wGifvnf; wdk@Armtpnf;t&kH;rS ocifacgif;aqmifrsm;/ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;/ &[ef;awmfrsm;udk zrf;qD;vdkuf=uonf? yk'frr 26/ 38 jzifh vl (1000) cef@zrf;qD;cH&onf?


15/21

(1941) ckESpf'DZifbm 23 &ufwGif &efukefr@udk *syefavwyfjzifh AkH;pwif}uJonf? TrSpI udkvdkeDb0jrefrmEdkifiHonf 'kwd, urBmppf}uD;ESifh ywfoufvm&awmhonf? td*Fvdyfwdk@vnf; tdENd,odk@ qkwfcGmajy;=u&onf? jynfolvlxkonf 0k%f;okH;um;jzpfaecJhonf? tvkyform; pnf;&kH;a&;vkyfief;onfvnf; tm;aysmhoGm;onf?

zufqpf*syefacwf (1942zufqpf*syefacwf (1942zufqpf*syefacwf (1942zufqpf*syefacwf (1942 ---- 1945 ) tvkyform;rsm;. b0 tajctae1945 ) tvkyform;rsm;. b0 tajctae1945 ) tvkyform;rsm;. b0 tajctae1945 ) tvkyform;rsm;. b0 tajctae

(1942 - 1945)ckESpf 'kwd,urBmppftwGif; Armjynfonf zufqpf*syefwdk@. tkyfpdk;r_atmufodk@usa&mufcJhonf? *syefwdk@. taS@

awmiftm&S xdk;ppfa=umifh t*Fvdyfwdk@onf jrefrmjynfrS tdENd,odk@tjrefqkH;qkwfcGmum/ e,fajrrsm;udk vufvGwfvdkuf&onf?

jrefrmjynfrS rqkwfcGmrSD qkwfvrf;wav#mufudk ajrvSefpepfusifhokH;cJhonf? t*Fvdyfydkif rD;&xm;/ rD;oabFm/ armfawmf,mOf/ a=u;eef;&kH;/w,fvDzkef;rsm;tjyif acsmif;ul;/ jrpful;wHwm;}uD;rsm;/ yifv,fqdyfurf;ESifh av,mOfuGif;rsm;udkzsufqD;/rD;d_@cJh=uonf? xdk@tjyif a&eH/owWKwl;azmfa&;vkyfief;rsm;/ qefpuf/ opfpufESifh tjcm;ta&;}uD;aom pufr_ukefxkwfvkyfief;rsm;/ vlaetaqmuftOD;rsm;/ ukefavSmifkHrsm;udkvnf; rD;d_@zsufqD;cJhao;onf?

xdktusdK;qufa=umifh pufkHtvkyfkHtcsdK@ usef&SdaecJhaomfvnf; ukef=urf;&Sm;yg;jcif;/ tydkypPnf;rsm; tcuftcJawG@vm&jcif;/ ppfab;'kuQawG@um tvkyfrvkyfEdkifyJ pufkHrsm;ydwfxm;vdkuf&jcif;rsm;udk jzpfay:aponf? z&kdz&JyuGJ ysufpD;aeaom jynfwGif; EdkifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;rsm;atmufwGif tvkyform;rsm;onf tvkyfvufrJhab;qdk;}uD;udk a=umufrufbG,f &ifqdkifvdkuf&onf?

ppfab;'kuQrsm;a=umifh tdENd,tvkyform;( 400,000)ausmfwdk@ jrefrmEdkifiHrS jzpfovdk xGufcGmoGm;=uonf? xGufcGmolrsm;xJu

(100,000) cef@onf 0rf;a&m*g/ iwfrGwfacgif;yg;r_ESifh tjcm;ab;tEW&m,frsm;a=umifhaoqkH;=u&onf? w&kwf tvkyform;rsm;rSmrlw&kwfjynfwGif;ppfjy\ema=umifh a&Smifwdrf;jcif;r&SdcJhyg?

zufqpf*syefrsm;onf ppfatmifEdkifa&;twGuf if;wdk@. ppfpD;yGm;a&;pDrHudef;vkyfief;rsm;wGif vlxkudk t"rRvkyftm;cdkif;apr_ rsm;udkyvkyfcJh=uonf? ac|;wyfESifha[;[dk;wyf (tvkyform;wyf) (Heho - Labour Corps) rsm;zGJ@pnf;+yD; vlxkudk nif;yef;ESdyfpufumvkyftm;t"rRcdkif;apr_rsm;vkyfcJh=uonf? rD;&xm;vrf;rsm;azmufvkyfjcif;/ av,mOfuGif;rsm;azmufvkyfjcif;rsm;wGif trsm;qkH;tokH;y

onf? r[mrdwf ppfocFsKdif;aumfr&Sif. pm&if;Z,m;wGif ac|;wyfom; (130, 000) a,mufxufydk+yD; tokH;ycJhonf? xGufajy;vGwfajrmufol (400, 00) a,muf&SdcJh+yD;/ aoqkH;ol (800, 00)ausmf&SdcJhonf? aetdrfodk@jyefvnfa&muf&Sdol (130, 00) cef@om&Sdonf[kazmfjyxm;onf?

(6)

ppfjyD;umvrS vGwfvyfa&;&onftxd (1946ppfjyD;umvrS vGwfvyfa&;&onftxd (1946ppfjyD;umvrS vGwfvyfa&;&onftxd (1946ppfjyD;umvrS vGwfvyfa&;&onftxd (1946 ----1948) tvkyform;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;?1948) tvkyform;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;?1948) tvkyform;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;?1948) tvkyform;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;?

zufqpf*syef vufatmufusa&mufcJh&aom (3) ESpfwmumvtwGif; tvkyform;v_yf&Sm;r_. ordkif;rSwfwrf;/ rSwf&mrsm;rawG@&oavmufjzpfonf?

zufqpfqef@usifa&;wdkufyGJtwGif;rS jynfolvlxkonf ruHpbl;aom trdsK;om;aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&;udk&&SdcJhonf? xdknDnGwfa&; pdwf"gwfjzifhyif udkvdkeDa[mif; +Adwdo#e,fcsJ@orm;. vufatmufrS vGwfvyfa&;&dS&ef qufvufwdkfufyGJ0if&jyefonf?

+Adwdo#e,fcsJ@wdk@onf ppf+yD;jrefrmEdkifiHudk rnfodk@qufvuftkyfcsKyfrnf/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udk rnfodk@aoG;pkwfcs,fvS,frnf qdkonfhpDrHudef;rsm;udk wifud+yD;a&;qGJxm;onf? xdkpDrHcsufudk qif;rvm; pDrHudef; (Simla Scheme)[k trnfwGifonf?

ppf+yD;p jrefrmEdkifiHrS jynfolvlxkonf EdkifiHa&;t& Edk;=um;wufuGqkH;tcsdefESifh nDnGwfr_tm; taumif;qkH;tcsdefjzpfonf? odk@aomfwdkif;jynfwGif tkyfcsKyfa&;rwnf+idrfaomtcsdefvnf;jzpfonf? pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;vkyffief;rsm;. tajctaeonf tvGefqdk;0g;onf? ukefxkwfvkyfr_vkyfief;rsm;twGuf t&if;tESD;r&Sd/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_ tvkyftudkifrsm; wkef@qdkif;aeonf? vlokH;ukefypPnf;rsm;&Sm;yg;+yD; ukefaps;E_ef;rsm;u rwefwqjrifhwufaeonf?

xdktajctaersm;atmufwGif +Adwdo#ppftpdk;&ESifh if;. pD;yGm;a&; y&dk*suftzGJ@rsm;onf tvkyform;ESifh tr_xrf;rsm;tm; ,cifvpmE_ef;rsm;twdkif;ay;&eftjyif/ &Sm;yg;p&dwfrsm;udkvnf; xyfavmif;ay;cJhonf? odk@aomf vHkavmufr_ESifh r#wr_r&SdcJhay?

TtajctaeatmufwGiff +Adwdo#tkyfcsKyfr_ AsL&dkua&pD,EW,m;twGif; ESpfrsm;pGm opPmcHcJhonfh trxrf;t&mxrf;rsm;vnf; EdkifiHa&;Edk;=um;r_jzpfay:vmcJh=uonf? trsdKom;a&; v_yfSm;r_}uD;wckjzpfonfh vGwfvyfa&;ud;yrf;r_wdkufyGJtwGif;odk@ udk,fwdkifudk,fus yl;aygif;


16/21

yg0ifvmcJh=uonf? (1946) ckESpf pufwifbm taxGaxGoydwf}uD;onf ppf+yD;acwf oydwfrsm;teuf t}uD;tus,fqkH;ESifh av;eufr_t&SdqkH;oydwf}uD;wckjzpfonf? taxGaxGoydwfwGif t*Fvdyftpdk;&. tr_xrf;/ t&mxrf;rsm;pGmyg0ifonfh tr_xrf;oydwfvnf;jzpfonf? udkvdkeDtkyfcsKyfa&; ordkif;wGif yxrqkH;qifE$Jaom tr_xrf;oydwfjzpfonf?

1946 ckESpf/ tr_xrf;oydwfwGifyg0ifaom Xmeaygif;pkHtrnfESifh tiftm;jy pm&if;Z,m;1946 ckESpf/ tr_xrf;oydwfwGifyg0ifaom Xmeaygif;pkHtrnfESifh tiftm;jy pm&if;Z,m;1946 ckESpf/ tr_xrf;oydwfwGifyg0ifaom Xmeaygif;pkHtrnfESifh tiftm;jy pm&if;Z,m;1946 ckESpf/ tr_xrf;oydwfwGifyg0ifaom Xmeaygif;pkHtrnfESifh tiftm;jy pm&if;Z,m;

pOf &ufpGJ oydwftrnf oydwfacgif;aqmiftrnf oydwftiftm; oydwfpcef;trnf oydwfjyef@ESHonfh{&d,m

1 5 .9.46 ykvdyftr_xrf; OD;0rf;armif 3, 000 a$wd*kHbk&m;/ ref;wav;/ ppfudkif;/ rkH &Gm/[oFmw2 17.9.46 pmwdkuftr_xrf; OD;xGef; 600 - wEdkifiHvkH;odk@ul;puf3 23.9.46 rD;&xm;tr_xrf; OD;armifarmif(rpPwmbm;ewf) 5,000 }uD;jrifwdkif,udk;xyf}uD;bk&m; -4 - &kH;tr_xrf;aygif;pkH - 7,000 a&$*kHwdkif/ vGif &kyf&Sif&kH -5 - &efukef/ qdyfur;f

(tvkyform;)- 13,000 A[eff;/ a$usifausmif;wdkuf -

6 - a=u;eef;qufoG,fa&; - 650 - -7 - A[dkpmykHESdyfwdkuf - 600 tv,fawm&ausmif;wdkuf -8 - pnfyifom,m

tvkyform;- 2,000 a$wd*kH/ ajrpm&if; Z&yf -

tr_xrf;oydwfrsm;rS awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf?

1? ppfajy;vpm (3) vESifhtnD vpmjyefxkwfay;&ef?2? vpm&iff;ESifh &Sm;yg;p&dwfrsm;udk jyifqif/ wdk;jrifhowfrSwfay;&ef?3? vkyfc0ifaiGESifh udkufnDr#watmif tcsdK;usukefaps;E_ef; tjrefcsay;&ef?4? puULjzLpDrHudef;rsm;tm;vkH; &kyfodrf;/ y,fzsufypf&ef?5? jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;udk tjrefqkH;todtrSwfy&ef wdk@jzpfonf?

(1946) ckESpf pufwifbm21/ 23 &ufrsm;wGif qdk&S,fvpfygwDacgif;aqmifr_udkcH,laom tvkyform;tpnf;t&kH; rsm;tzGJ@csKyf

(Trade Union 0f Congress - Burma- ) wDD,lpDbDrS tvkyform; (15,000) ESifh uGefjrLepfygwD. acgif;aqmifr_udkcH,laom ArmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m tvkyform;or*~ (All Burma Trade Union Congress) at bD wD ,l pD rS tvkyform;aygif; (10,000)ausmfwdk@u uefawmfrifyef;jcHESifh r[mAE


17/21

3? ppfrjzpfrSDu ukr%Dtvkyform;a[mif;rsm;tm; ppfajy;vpm 3 vtwGufay;a&;?4? tvkyfcsdef avsmhaygh jyifqif owfrSwfay;a&;?5? tvkyform;or*~rsm;tm; tpdk;&ESifh tvkyf&Sifrsm;u w&m;0iftodtrSwfya&;wdk@jzpfonf?

atmufwdkbm/ Edk0ifvrsm;wGifvnf; bDwD,lpD ( qdk&S,fvpfygwD) uOD;aqmif+yD; oabF}uD; ukefwifukefcstvkyform;rsm;/ pOfhil pGyfus,fpuf tvkyform;rsm;/ Am;u&mqdyfurf; ukefwifukefcs tvkyform;rsm;/ &efukefjrLeDpyg,ftvkyform;rsm;/ rv$ukef; opfpuf tvkyform;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&odkavSmifa&;/ aq;ypPnf;odkavSmifa&;XmerS tvkyform; pkpkaygif; (6000) wdk@uvnf; oydwfwdkufyGJqifEGJcJh

=uao;onf?

pwDAD'dk (ukefwifukefcs) oabFm}uD; tvkyform; (2000)ausmfwdk@uvnf; 46 ckESpf/ =o*kwf/ 'DZifbmvrsm;wGif oydwfrsm;qifEGJcJhonf? yxrwdkufyGJrS tvkyfcsdefavsmhcsa&;wdkufyGJESifh vkyftm;cwdk;jrifha&;wdkufyGJ tEdkif&vdkufonf? 'kwd,wdkufyGJrS rw&m;tvkyfxkwfcH&onfh olrsm;tvkyfjyefvnf&&SdcJhonf?

tvkyform;rsm;. epfemcsufrsm;udk enf;yg;oGm;ap&ef/ w&m;aom tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh awmif;qdkcsufrsm;&&Sd&ef tvkyf&Sif/ tvkyform;ESpfbuf aqG;aEG;ajz&Sif;=uzdk@ pkHprf;a&;aumfr&SifzGJ@cJhonf? EdkifiHa&; tajctaea=umifh xda&mufpGmrajz&Sif;EdkifcJhyg? tvkyfform;v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;uawmh qufvufjzpfay:wdk;yGm;vsuf&Sdonf?

1947 ckESpf tvkyform; taxGaxGoydwf}uD;1947 ckESpf tvkyform; taxGaxGoydwf}uD;1947 ckESpf tvkyform; taxGaxGoydwf}uD;1947 ckESpf tvkyform; taxGaxGoydwf}uD;

1947 ckESpf *sEM0g&D 26 &ufu jzpfyGm;cJhaom tvkyform;taxGaxGoydwf}uD;onf omreftajctaerSmjzpfay:cJhaom oydwfrsm;ESifhrwlyg? pD;yGm;a&;awmif;qdkcsuf oydwfoufoufr[kwf? tESpfom&tm;jzifh EdkifiHa&;awmif;qdkcsuf oydwftjzpf qifE$JcJhjcif;jzpfonf?oydwfrwdkifrSDumv/ ZEM0g&D 9 &ufae@wGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh jrefrmudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@onf vGwfvyfa&;awmif;qdk&ef t*Fvefodk@oGm;a&mufcsdefumvvnf;jzpfaecJhonf?

tu,fI AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;wdk@. awG@qkHaqG;yGJtajctae ysufjym;oGm;rnfqdkv#if/ +Adwdeftpdk;&u vGwfvyfa&;ay;zdk@ jiif;qefrnfqdkv#if odk@r[kwf qdkif;iHhxm;rnfqdkv#if vdktyfygu taxGaxGoydwfrS vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;odk@ ul;ajymif;oGm;&ef jyifqifxm;onfh tpysdK;oydwfvnf;jzpfonf? xdkumvu zsmykHc&kdifwGif (zqyv) awmfvSefa&;&Jabmfrsm;u vufeufjzifh 0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufonfhtjzpfrsdK;vnf;&SdcJhonf?

xdktajctaeonf ysH@usJaeonfh EdkifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;udk jyefvnfpkpnf;um pkzGJ@+yD;v_yf&Sm;vkyffaqmifEdkif&ef tcGifhtcgaumif;wckjzpfonf? zqyv tzGJ@csKyf&Sd tvkyform;Xmeacgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS wjynfvkH;qdkif&m tvkyform;or*~XmecsKyfrS

acgif;aqmifwdk@ vkyfief;ydkif;qdkif&m !SdE_dif;aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;vkyfcJhonf? xdkaemuf tajccHvkyfief;rsm; yl;wGJvkyfaqmifEdkif&ef twGufvkyfief;pOfrsm;csrSwfcJh=uonf? xdkvkyfief;pOfrsm;rSm -1? taxGaxGawmif;qdkcsufrsm; !SdEd_if;aqG;aEG;a&;2? oydwfv$wfawmffzGJ@pnf;&ef3? pnf;&kH;a&;wm0efcGJa0a&;4? usef;rma&;ESifh &duQmapmifha&Smufa&;5? yl;wGJacgif;aqmifa&; ponfhwdkjzpfonf?

xdkaemuf OD;aqmifoltoD;oD;u wm0efcGJa0+yD; vkyfudkifaqmifGufcJh=uonf?

taxGaxGtvkyform;oydwf}uD;wGif oydwfarSmuftiftm; (50,000) ausmfyg0ifcJhonf? ppfudacwfu (1300)jynfhta&;awmfykH onftvGefta&;ygcJhovdk ppf+yD;acwf taxGaxGtvkyform;oydwf}uD;onfvnf; vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJtwGuf wGef;tm;wckjzpfcJh onf?

taxGaxGoydwf}uD;wGif tpdk;&&kH;Xmersm;rS tvkyform;/ y&dk*sufpDrHudef; bkwftzGJ@tvkyform;rsm;/ yk*~vdut&if;&Sifvkyfief;rsm;rStvkyform;rsm;/ &efukefjrLeDpy,ftvkyform;rsm;/ ppfbufqdkif&m jyifytvkyform;rsm;/ tr_xrf;rsm;yg0if=uonf? oydwfarSmuftzGJ@rsm;wGif tvkyfXmeaygif; (300) ESifh tvkyform;tzGJ@tpnf;aygif; (200) ausmfwdk@ yl;aygif;yg0if=uonf?

oydwfpcef;rsm;udk a$wd*kH tv,fypP,H/ A[ef; ig;xyf}uD;Z&yf/ }unfhjrifwdkif udk;xyf}uD;bk&m;/ ykZGefawmif jrLeDpyg,fausmif; ESifh =unfhjrifwdkif jrLeDpyg,fausmif;wdk@wGif oydwfpcef;zGifhvSpfxm;&SdcJhonf?

oydwfa=umifh udkvdkeDtkyfcsKyfa&;onf rwnfr+idrfr_udk jzpfay:aponf? tD;tmwD v#yfppfoydwfa=umifh &efukef e,ferdwf{&d,mwckvkH;tarSmifusoGm;onf? jrLeDpyg,foydwfa=umifh &efukefw+rdK@vkH; rpifeHrsm;ESifh eHa[mifaeonf? armfawmf,mOfrsm;a=umifh &efukefr@wGif;


18/21

oGm;vma&; uarmufurjzpfukefonf? tcsdK@tvkyfXmersm;u vlxkudkepfemapr_jzpfapEdkifojzifh oydwfxJryg0ifzdk@ arwWm&yfcHxm;&onf? oydwfatmifjrif&jcif; ta=umif;t&if;xJwGif vlxkqef@usifr_ rvkyfrda&;udk owd}uD;pGmjzifh vkyfudkifaqmifGufr_. tusdK;qufjzpfygonf?

oydwfarSmuftiftm;pkrsm;wGif udkvdkeDtpdk;&. ta&;}uD;vkyfief;}uD;rsm;ESifh tvkyfXmeaygif;24 ck (ukef;vrf;/ a&vrf;ESifhav a=umif;o,f,lydk@aqmifa&;Xmersm;/ v#yfppfXmersm;/ tvkyfkH puf&kHrsm;/ qefpuf/ opfpufrsm;/ aq;&kHtvkyform;rsm; ponfwdk@jzpf) wdk@uyl;aygif;yg0ifvmcJhonf? oydwfonf &efukefESifh tif;pdefpufr_vkyfief;rsm;wGif tajccHxm;ayr,f/ a&eHacsmif;/ acsmuf/ oHvsif/ o&uf/

rEWav;/ ykodrf/ armfvrif/ jynf/ jrif;+cH/ +rdwfESifh xm;0,fponfh r@}uD;rsm;pGmodk@ ul;pufcJhonf?

(1947) ckESpf taxGaxGoydwfrS awmif;qdkcsuf (24) csufudkwifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf? xdk (24) csufonf wjynfvkH;. tvkyform;rsm;twGuf udk,fpm;yawmif;qdkcJhjcif;jzpfonf? oydwfawmif;qdkcsuftcsdK@udk &&Sdvdkuf+yD;/ tcddsK@udk tvkyf&SifESifh tpdk;&u rvdkufavsmbJwif;cHaeonf? tcsdK@u tvkyf&SifESifh yl;wGJajz&Sif;&rnfh udpP&yfrsm;tjzpfxm;&Sdvdkuf&onf?

oydwf&uf&SnfvmonfESifhtr# oydwftiftm; (50,000) ausmf. aexdkifpm;aomufa&; tcuftcJawG@vmonf? pm;aomufa&;tm;vkH;udk vlxkxHrSDcdkae&aoma=umifhjzpfonf? tvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,f trsm;pk. qENt& wdkuf,l&&Sdxm;onfh tcGifhta&;rsm;udkqkyfudkifxm;+yD;/ useftcGifha&;rsm;udk tvkyform;xk nDnGwfpGmjzifh qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&ef qEN&Sd=uonf? xdktajctaersm;a=umifh1947 ckESpf azazmf0g&D 21 &ufwGif oydwfvSefvdkuf=uonf?

uGefjrLepfygwD OD;aqmifonfh atwD,lbD (wEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m tvkyform;or*~rsm; tzGJ@csKyf) u oydwfvSef&ef tjyif;txef uef@uGufcJh

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19/21

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20/21

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21/21

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