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History of Psychology W. Jeffrey Wilson Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology W. Jeffrey Wilson August 2008 “Without education we are in a horrible and deadly danger of taking educated people seriously.” – Gilbert Keith Chesterton [L A T E X in use – a Microsoft- & PowerPoint-free presentation]

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Page 1: History of Psychology · Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

History of Psychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

August 2008

“Without education we are in a horrible and deadly danger of taking educated people seriously.”

– Gilbert Keith Chesterton

[LATEX in use – a Microsoft- & PowerPoint-free presentation]

Page 2: History of Psychology · Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

Psychodynamic Approach

Humanism

Cognitive Psychology

Page 3: History of Psychology · Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

Nativism

I Innate knowledge & abilitiesI Descartes espoused it

I Also – interactive dualism

Page 4: History of Psychology · Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

British Empiricists

I All knowledge & ability come through experience

I Locke: Tabula rasa

I Nature–Nurture Controversy

Page 5: History of Psychology · Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

Structuralism

I Influenced by chemistry’s periodic table

I Building blocks of the mind

I Wundt: First laboratory of psychology (1879)

I Failed

Page 6: History of Psychology · Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

Gestalt Psychology

I Wertheimer

I Mental activity cannnot be broken down

I Sensation & perception

I Right about lots; wrong about innateness

Page 7: History of Psychology · Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

Functionalism

I Influenced by evolutionary theory

I Examine adaptive value of behavior

I Profound influence on most modern psychology

Page 8: History of Psychology · Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

Behaviorism

I John Watson

I Focus on observables

I S–R (Stimulus–Response) Psychology

I Perhaps too extreme?

Page 9: History of Psychology · Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

Freud’s Psychodynamic Approach

I Focus on the unconscious

I Childhood emotions

I Nonscientific

I Gained widespread nonscientific acceptance

Page 10: History of Psychology · Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

Humanism

I Maslow & Rogers

I Opposed behaviorism & Freudian approach

I S-H-R

I Lasting influence on therapy

Page 11: History of Psychology · Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

Cognitive Psychology

I Focus on “software” of the mind

I Information processing; problem solving

I “Cognitive revolution”

Page 12: History of Psychology · Outline Nativism Empiricism Structuralism Gestalt Psychology Functionalism Behaviorism Psychodynamic Approach Humanism Cognitive Psychology History of Psychology

History ofPsychology

W. Jeffrey Wilson

Outline

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

PsychodynamicApproach

Humanism

CognitivePsychology

Nativism

Empiricism

Structuralism

Gestalt Psychology

Functionalism

Behaviorism

Psychodynamic Approach

Humanism

Cognitive Psychology


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