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HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION

ByAnkith kumar tiwari &

Ch.omprakashMahaveer institute of science &

technology

This presentation explain about history

of construction. Development of construction from

starting stage to present. Various tools and technologies used in

construction. Various field involve in it like

geotechnical, structural engineering etc.,

ABSTRACT

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Introduction Chronological development Copper age and bronze age construction Middle ages Seventeenth century Eighteenth century Nineteenth century Twentieth century Twenty-first century Conclusion

CONTENT

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The History of construction overlaps many

other fields like structural engineering and rely on other branches of science like archaeology, history and architecture to investigate how the builders lived.

The tools used and the different uses of building materials.

Time to time variation and technology’s involved in construction.

INTRODUCTION

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Neolithic construction

Neolithic, also known as the New Stone Age, was a time period roughly from 9000 BC to 5000 BC.

it was the last period of the age before wood working began.

These tools used to cut materials are the hand axe, chopper, adze. They used the locally available material for construction.

Building materials included bones such as mammoth ribs, stone, metal, bark, bamboo, clay, lime plaster, and more.

CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

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Copper came into use before 5,000 BC and bronze around 3,100 BC, although the times vary by region.

Copper and bronze were used instead of tools like axe, chisel.

 Bronze was cast into desired shapes and if damaged could be recast.

The Egyptians began building stone temples with the post and lintel construction method and the Greeks and Romans followed this style.

COPPER AGE AND BRONZE AGE CONSTRUCTION

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The Middle Ages of Europe span from the 5th to

15th centuries AD. Began with the end of the Roman era and many techniques were adopted.

Most buildings in Northern Europe were constructed of timber until 1000 AD

 Brick continued to be manufactured in Italy throughout the period 600–1000 AD.

Medieval stone walls were constructed using cut blocks on the outside of the walls and rubble infill, with weak lime mortars.

MIDDLE AGES

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The seventeenth century saw the birth of

modern science which effects on building construction architect-engineers began to use experimental science to design buildings.

Many tools introduced in modern technology, but the line gauge, plumb-line, the carpenter's square, the spirit level, and the drafting compass are still in regular use.

 pulleys allowed comparatively large loads to be lifted, and ramps were used to lift loads up to the upper parts of buildings.

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

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The development of many ideas born in the late

seventeenth century. The architects and engineers became increasingly professionalised.

Large-scale mill construction required fire-proof buildings and cast iron became increasingly used for columns and beams to carry brick vaults for floors.

Brick production increased markedly during this period  Bricks were made by hand and fired in kilns no different to those used for centuries before.

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

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It was an industrial revolution time. The new kinds of transportation installations,

such as railways, canals and macadam roads. New construction devices included steam

engines, machine tools, explosives and optical surveying.

Building codes have been applied since the 19th century, with special respect to fire safety.

NINETEENTH CENTURY

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With the Second Industrial Revolution in the

early 20th century elevators and cranes made high rise buildings.

Other new technologies were prefabrication and computer-aided design.

In the end of the 20th century, ecology, energy conservation and sustainable development have become more important issues of construction.

TWENTIETH CENTURY

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A new generation of wood building products,

techniques are being used in increasing numbers and types of buildings.

Advanced technology and modern building codes are also expanding the use and opportunities for wood in construction.

The latest technology reduces cost of construction and increase strength of building. and time management is done through latest technology.

TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

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THIS IS HOW THE GROWTH OCCURRED IN

CONSTRUCTION AND ALSO IT SHOWS CIVILIZATION OF HUMAN BEINGS

CONCLUSION

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