his 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Renaissance
![Page 2: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is the significance of the Renaissance?
![Page 3: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Renaissance
“Rebirth” does not mean that there was a lack of learning during the middle ages that was “reborn” between 1350 and 1550
“Rebirth” does not mean that Renaissance society experienced a rebirth of classical learning and paganism
Renaissance personalities loved classical learning but this love did not replace their Christian beliefs
There was no single Renaissance position on anything
![Page 4: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Distinguishing trends of the Renaissance
Rediscovery Works of Roman thinkers such as Livy and Tacitus Recovery of classical Greek literature, especially Plato and Aristotle Mastery of Greek language and Greek literary heritage
Renaissance scholars used classical texts in ways that were new More aware of the conceptual gap between their own world view and
the world view of classical authors Recognized similarities between ancient city-states and Italian city-
statesRenaissance culture was more worldly and overtly
materialistic than medieval culture Importance of urban political arena Importance of living well in this world Increasing weakness of the Church in political arena
![Page 5: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Renaissance Humanism
A program of studies intended to replace the 13th and 14th century emphasis on logic and metaphysics with the study of language, literature, rhetoric, history and ethics
Focus on classical Latin and GreekFocus on producing virtuous citizens and able
public officials rather than securing salvation and protecting the Church
![Page 6: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance
Italy was most advanced urban society in Europe
Italian aristocracy lived in urban centers not rural castles More fully involved in urban public affairs Less distinguished from the wealthy merchant class Urban aristocrats engaged in commerce and banking
activities Urban merchants imitated the manners and lifestyles
of the aristocratsDemand for education to further commercial
interests Lay educators rather than clergy Produced learned treatises on politics and ethics
![Page 7: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Petrarch: The Father of Renaissance Humanism (1304-1374)
![Page 8: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Petrarch & Christian Humanism
Scholasticism is misguided for concentrating on abstract speculation rather than on teaching people who to live virtuously and gain salvation
Cultivate literary eloquence to inspire people to do good
Italian Sonnets Focus on contemplation
![Page 9: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Petrarch Sonnet No. 134 (translated by Anthony Mortimer)
I find no peace, yet I am not at warI fear and hope, I burn and freeze;I rise to heaven, and fall to earth’s floorGrasping at nothing, the world I seize
She imprisons me, who neither jails nor freesNor keeps me for herself, nor slips the noose;Love does not kill, nor set me free,Love takes my life, but will not set me loose.
I have not eyes, yet see, no tongue, yet scream;I long to perish, and seek release;I hate myself, and love another.
I feed on grief, and in my laughter week;Both death and life displease me;Lady, because of you, I suffer.
![Page 10: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Civic Humanists
Leonardo Bruni(1370-1444)
Leon BatistaAlberti (1404-1472)
![Page 11: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bruni and Alberti
Man’s nature equipped him for action Usefulness to family and society Serving the state
Ambition and quest for glory are noble impulses
Refused to condemn striving for material posessions
Alberti, On the Family Nuclear family instituted by nature for well-being of
humanity Women’s place is to “increase and continue
generations” and nourish children Similar to Greek views on women’s place in society
![Page 12: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Neoplatonism
Platonic Academy founded by Cosimo de’ Medici in Florence Byzantine scholars and Italian scholars focused on
works of Plato, ancient mysticism and Christianity Marisilio Ficino (1433-1499)
translated all of Plato’s works to Latin Pico della Miradnola (1463-1494)
Oration on the Dignity of Man: there is “nothing more wonderful than man.”
Man is endowed with the ability to achieve union with God
![Page 13: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nicolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
![Page 14: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Prince
Reflects the unstable political conditions in Italy at the time he wrote it Invasions by France and Spain Internal dissension and competition of Italian city-
states 1498 prominent official in Florentine Republic
established when the French deposed the Medici family Attempt by Cesare Borgia (Son of Pope Alexander VI)
to create his own principality 1512 Medici’s returned to power and Machiavelli is
dismissed
![Page 15: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Machiavellian Advice to Rulers
A prince’s actions must be judged by their consequences not by their moral quality
Human beings are “ungrateful, fickle and deceitful, eager to avoid dangers and avid for gain.”
Necessity of preserving the state will often compel a prince to act in ways that are the opposite of “loyalty, charity, humanity and religion.”
Stick to the path of good as far as a prince is able but know how to follow evil
![Page 16: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Machiavelli’s Discourses on Livy
Praised the constitutional form of governmentEquality among citizensPolitical independence for city-statesSubordination of religion to the service of the
stateSome view this as contradicting views
expressed in The Prince Are these views contradictory? Can these views be reconciled?
![Page 17: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
3 perspectives on Machiavelli
Machiavelli endorsed princely tyranny for its own sake, amoral, interested in power only
Italian patriot who saw tyranny as the only way to liberate Italy from its foreign conquerors
Follower of St. Augustine who understood that in a fallen world a ruler’s good intentions do not guarantee that his policies will have good results
![Page 18: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Ideal of the Courtier
Baldassare Castiglione(1478-1529)
![Page 19: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Book of the Courtier
The qualities of a Renaissance Man Master all skills of medieval warrior Physical proficiency of a champion athlete Possess the refinements of a humanistic education
Latin and Greek, vernacular Familiar with the classics Speak and write well Compose verse Draw Play musical instrument
Sprezzatura – air of nonchalance
![Page 20: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Principal Characteristics of Italian Renaissance Art
Chicaroscuro Effects of light and shade
Anatomy and proportions of human bodyLinear perspectiveOpened art to non-religious themes and
subjects Reveal hidden mysteries of the soul Appeal primarily to intellect Delight the eye
Introduction of oil painting
![Page 21: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Masaccio (1401-1428)
Masaccio, Trinity, 1425-1428,Fresco, Santa Maria Novella,Florence, Italy
![Page 22: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Tribute Money
![Page 23: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510)
The Birth of Venus
![Page 24: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
![Page 25: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper
![Page 26: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Virgin of the Rocks
![Page 27: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
High Renaissance
Venetian School Reflected pleasure-loving life of merchants in Venice Appealed to senses by painting idyllic landscapes Portraits of the rich and powerful Subordinated form and meaning to color and elegance
Rome Center of High Renaissance in 1st half of 16th century
Raphael (1483-1520) Michelangelo (1475-1564)
![Page 28: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Michelangelo, Jacopino del Conte
![Page 30: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Renaissance Sculpture
Free-standing statues in the round 1st time since antiquity Established sculpture as a separate and potentially
secular art formDonatello, DavidMichelangelo, David
The Pieta, Descent from the Cross Experimented with mannerisms for communicating mood
![Page 33: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Two Davids
![Page 34: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Pieta
![Page 35: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Descent from the Cross
![Page 36: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
High Renaissance (1490-1520)
Center shifted from Florence to RomePapal undertaking to restore the ancient city
Use of indulgences to do so sparked the Protestant Reformation
Pope Julius II commissioned Donato Bramante to rebuild Saint Peter’s Cathedral
Harmonious design Tempietto San Pietro Andrea Palladio Villa Rontunda
![Page 37: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Tempietto San Pietro
![Page 38: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Villa Rotunda
![Page 39: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Waning of the Italian Renaissance
French invasion of 1494Constant warfare1527 Charles V of Spain invaded and sacked
RomeGradual shifting of trade routes from
Mediterranean to the Atlantic Region cost Italy its supremacy in trade
Counter-Reformation 1542 Roman Inquisition 1564 Roman Index of Prohibited Books
![Page 40: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Northern Renaissance
Christian Humanism Sought ethical guidance from Biblical and religious
precepts Challenged Roman Catholic Church traditions &
hypocrisy Desiderius Erasmus Sir Thomas Moore
Both men wanted to challenge and reform the Roman Catholic Church, not leave it
![Page 41: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Desiderius Erasmus & Christian Humanism
Criticized wealth, “worldliness” and corruption of the Roman Catholic Church
Learn Latin, Greek and Hebrew Bible teachings of the early church
fathers Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam
(1466-1536) Return to basic teachings of
Christ Criticized dogma and ritual Translated New Testament
from Greek Erasmus’s New Testament
was the source for vernacular editions of the New Testament
![Page 42: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Sir Thomas More (1478-1535)
Appointed Lord Chancellor of England in 1529
Utopia (1516)Ideal communityCritique of excesses
Refused to acknowledge Henry VIII as head of the Church of England
Executed in 1535
![Page 43: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Decline of Christian Humanism
Supplanted by the ReformationSupplanted by the Rise of Lutheran, Calvinist
and Anglican Churches
![Page 44: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Alfred Durer (1471-1528)
![Page 45: His 101 chapter 12 -the renaissance](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061120/546bfa6eaf7959b7028b4a5a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance
Italian Renaissance More secular More urban Still fervent Christianity Conclusions reached
by greatest minds of antiquity are compatible with Christianity
Northern Renaissance Focused on reforming
Roman Catholic Church Christian Humanism Less urban Still fervent Christianity Conclusions reached
by greatest minds of antiquity and Church fathers are compatible with each other and Christianity