I. The RenaissanceWestern Europe emerged from the Middle Ages during an era known as the Renaissance

From 1300 to 1600, Western Europe

experienced a “rebirth” in trade, learning, & Greco-Roman ideas

During the Renaissance, Europeans developed

new ideas in art, gov’t, & human potential

The Renaissance was a revival of learning based on knowledge from Classical Greece & Rome. This intellectual change has resulted in the Renaissance being viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era.

What changed during the

Middle Ages that gave rise to

the Renaissance?

Trade & Cities?

Government?

Religion?

Human Potential?

Trade & Cities?

Think…What was trade like during the Middle Ages?

During the Middle Ages, trade was limited to the manor. Very little if any exchanges

between manors existed. Think self-sufficient

II. Trade & Cities during the Renaissance

The Crusades increased European demand for luxury goods from Asia

Italian merchants began meeting the demand for

trade in Europe

As a result, Italian cities & a wealthy middle class

began to form in Italy

The most important Italian city was Florence, where wealth from trade sparked the Renaissance

A new middle class of bankers, merchants, &

skilled craftsmen gained lots of power

The Medici family were wealthy bankers who used

their wealth to buy art (Patrons)

In addition, the fact that Italians could look at the ruins of the Roman Empire for inspiration,

it made for the perfect location for the Renaissance.

Think…What changed during the

Middle Ages that gave rise to the

Renaissance?

Trade & Cities?

Government?

Religion?

Human Potential?

Government?

Think…What was government like in the Middle Ages?

During the Middle Ages, government was not centralized and therefore there was no

peace and no stability

III. Government During the Renaissance

Kings were able to tax merchants & use their wealth to build armies & strong nations which

hurt the power of the feudal lords

From 1337 to 1453, England & France began a conflict

called the Hundred Years War

During the war, nationalism increased as

people became loyal to their king & nation, rather than their lord

During the Hundred Years War, new military weapons decreased the power of feudal lords & knights

The discovery of Chinese gunpowder led to the development of cannons which helped

armies penetrate castles

The invention of the longbow allowed soldiers to shoot accurately up to 300 yards which decreased

the importance of knights on horseback

Think…What changed during the

Middle Ages that gave rise to the

Renaissance?

Trade & Cities?

Government?

Religion?

Human Potential?

Religion?

Think…What was religion like in the Middle Ages?

During the Middle Ages, the only accepted religion in Europe was Roman Catholicism.

The church was the only institution that provided stability.

The heavy reliance on religion gave way to the term “Age of Faith”

IV. Religion during the Renaissance

In the late Middle Ages, the Pope & the Catholic Church lost some of its influence as a result of the

losses to Muslim armies during the Crusades

Despite having less influence, the Catholic Church was still an important part of peoples’ lives &

the Pope remained important

Think…What changed during the

Middle Ages that gave rise to the

Renaissance?

Trade & Cities?

Government?

Religion?

Human Potential?Human Potential?

Think…What were common people expected to do during the Middle Ages?

During the Middle Ages, most people were peasants. A hard life was lived where daily duties revolved around farming the manor.

During the Middle Ages, peasants did not own land & had no options other than remaining loyal to a

feudal lord & work within the manorial system

The rise of trade during the Renaissance gave people options to leave the manor & move to cities to serve as merchants or skilled artisans

As peasants left the manor to seek new job opportunities, the manor systems weakened

because few were left to do the work. This was a key factor behind the end to the feudal system.

In 1347, a trade ship arrived in Italy carrying

plague-infested rats

The plague swept quickly throughout Europe along

trade routes

V. The PlagueAnother reason for the decline of the manorial

system was the plague, known as the Black Death

The Black Death

The plague killed 25 million people in 5 years (1/3 of Europe’s population)

The plague caused a labor shortage; those that survived could demand higher wages & more rights

VI. Life during the Renaissance

For those that survived the plague years, a greater desire to celebrate and enjoy life led

people to believe that they should try new things

Individuals became the center of attention during the Renaissance

Social status was based on wealth &

ability, not birthright

A new way of thinking began during

the Renaissance called Humanism

Humanists studied the “classical” ideas of Greece & Rome &

believed that individual human achievements should be

celebrated

What was expected of men & women

in the Renaissance?

The “ideal man” was well educated, smart, can dance, write poetry, & play music;

(called a “Renaissance Man”)

The “ideal woman” should have the same qualities as

men but should not seek fame or political power

(Renaissance women were better educated but had fewer rights than medieval women)

The revival of trade in Europe helped bring an end to the Middle Ages & gave rise to the Renaissance

Increased trade gave rise to Italian city-states & a wealthy middle class

of bankers & merchants

Wealthy bankers & merchants wanted to

show off their new status by commissioning art

The rise of cities brought artists

together which led to new techniques

& styles of art

The most important Italian city-state was Florence; In this wealthy trade city, the Renaissance began

Florence was home to the Medici family, the

wealthiest & most powerful bankers in Europe

The Medici used their wealth to commission art for themselves & to beautify Florence

Florence under the Medici

Medici ChapelThe Medici Palace

Cosimo

Lorenzo

Guiliano

Lorenzo de Medici commissioned this painting from Botticelli of the Medici brothers as the three magi

The Medici paid to build a massive domed cathedral for Florence

New styles & techniques of

Renaissance art ■Realism & emotion

■Classicism: inspiration from Greece & Rome

■Emphasis on individuals & interaction between people

■Geometric arrangements

■Perspective

■Using light & shadowsGreek Renaissance

Renaissance Artists

Donatello■ Donatello was the 1st great

sculptor of the Renaissance

–Donatello revived the classical (Greco-Roman) style of sculpture that were realistic & could be viewed from all sides

–Donatello’s “David” was the 1st large, free-standing human sculpture of the Renaissance

Michelangelo■ Michelangelo was one

of the most famous Renaissance artists:–He was a painter,

sculptor, architect, & poet

–His sculptures & paintings showed realism, detail of the human body, & expression to show personality & emotion

Michelangelo sculptures “Pieta”& “David” are considered masterpieces

Michelangelo’s greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft

ceiling of the Sistine Chapel which shows

Biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beauty

Leonardo da Vinci

■ Leonardo da Vinci was a true “Renaissance Man” –He was a painter &

sculptor whose art was known for incredible realism & emotion

–He was also an inventor & scientist whose sketches reveal observations about human anatomy & new engineering technology

His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’ last meeting with the 12 apostles before the crucifixion; the facial

expressions, detail, emotion made it a masterpiece

Leonardo da Vinci’s greatest

masterpiece was the “Mona Lisa”

which was known for its emotion &

depth

Leonardo’s Inventions

Raphael■ Raphael “perfected”

Renaissance painting–He improved perspective

and realism by studying Leonardo & Michelangelo

–Raphael became the favorite painter of the Pope because of his amazing detailed paintings showing a combination of famous Greeks & Romans along with Renaissance people

Raphael

Michelangelo

Plato (drawn to look like Da Vinci)

Aristotle

PythagorasEuclid

Raphael’s greatest painting was “School of Athens” which blended Classical figures from Greece & Rome

with important people from the Renaissance

Raphael’s “Betrothal

of the Virgin”

Filippo Brunelleschi■ Brunelleschi was Florence’s greatest architect:

–He studied the Roman Pantheon when he built the Cuppolo of Maria del Fiore cathedral in Florence

– The dome inspired modern building designs

Dome Comparisons

Il Duomo, Florence St. Peter’s, RomeSt. Paul’s, LondonUS Capital,

Washington, D.C.

The

Northern

Renaissance

The Renaissance spread from Italy as scholars & merchants from other areas visited Italian city-states

As these ideas spread, this “Northern Renaissance”

developed its own characteristics

The Renaissance in France was most

known for its unique architecture

The Renaissance in England was most

known for literature, especially the plays of William Shakespeare

Wedding Portrait by Jan Van Eyck

The Renaissance in the Netherlands was most known for realism in art

Another important renaissance man was the inventor Johann

Gutenberg’s who invention of the moveable-type printing press in

1453.

He produced his first book — the Gutenberg Bible — in 1455. By 1500, presses in Europe had printed nearly 10

million books

Printing made books less expensive and more available

Written works became available in English, French, Spanish, Italian, or German (vernacular-the spoken language)

More people began to read (The Bible was a popular book)

After reading the Bible, people formed new ideas about Christianity (these ideas were different from official Church teachings

Guess if the following pieces of art (A-J) are:

Renaissanceor

Medieval

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J