heidegger, martin - introduccion a la fenomenologia del espiritu de hegel.doc

8/19/2019 Heidegger, Martin - INTRODUCCION A LA FENOMENOLOGIA DEL ESPIRITU DE HEGEL.doc

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DILUCIDACIÓN DE LA“INTRODUCCIÓN” DE LA

“FENOMENOLOGÍA DEL ESPÍRITU”

DE HEGEL.Martin Heidegger !"#$%Edi&i'n E(e&tr'ni&a de ))).*+i(,-,*+ia.&( E-&/e(a de Fi(,-,01a Uni2er-idad ARCIS.

ÍNDICECONSIDERACIÓNPRELIMINAR ................................................................................................. 3#3I. LA FUNDAMENTACIÓN PARA LA E4ECUCIÓN DE LA PRESENTACIÓN DELSA5ER 6UEAPARECE ...............................................................................................................3!73

II. EL PRESENTARSE DEL SA5ER 6UE APARECE COMO CURSO HACIA LA 8ERDADDE SU PROPIAESENCIA ...........................................................................................................3!93

III. LA REGLA3DE MEDIDA: DEL E;AMEN < LA ESENCIA DEL E;AMEN EN ELCURSO DEL SA5ER 6UEAPARECE......................................................................................... 3$=3!. La &,n&ien&ia &,n0,r>ad,ra de (a reg(a3de >edida ? e( >,2i>ient, dia(@&ti&,de( ea>en B 3$=3$. Retr,-*e&ti2a -,re (a di(/&ida&i'n 2igente I3III%. .................................................................... 3$$3

7. E( e3*eri>entar de (a&,n&ien&ia................................................................................................ 3$93

I8. LA ESENCIA DE LA E;PERIENCIA DE LA CONCIENCIA < SU PRESENTACIÓN B37=3!. E( &,n&e*t, “,nt,('gi&,” +ege(ian, dee*erien&ia ................................................................... 37=3$. Pr,*,-i&i,ne- &,nd/&t,ra- &,n re-*e&t, a( &,n&e*t, de e*erien&ia de Hege(.................... 3 #93

8. LA METAFÍSICAA5SOLUTA................................................................................................ 3#3

!. A-*e&t,- e-en&ia(e-. Oeti2idad ? “(a&ien&ia”.......................................................................... 3#3$. Per-*e&ti2a! ............................................................................................................................... 3#"37. E( ra?, de( a-,(/t,. Per-*e&ti2a$.............................................................................................. 3=3#. La Fen,>en,(,g1a de(e-*1rit/..................................................................................................... 3=3. E(>,2i>ient, ............................................................................................................................. 3!3

9. E( e-tar3en3/eg, (Das Bei-her-spielen)....................................................................................... 3!3


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. E(ea>inar ................................................................................................................................. 3$3. E( &ar&ter ,nt,3te,('gi&,............................................................................................................3$3

". Lain2er-i'n ................................................................................................................................. 3$3!=. L,- a(e>ane- ? (a>eta01-i&a ..................................................................................................... 373!!. E( a-,(/t, ? e(+,>re..............................................................................................................373!$. La reei'nJ 3 (a re*er&/-i'n 3 (ain2er-i'n .............................................................................. 373!7. Pr,?e&t, ein2er-i'n ...............................................................................................................

... 3#3!#. La- e*erien&ia- en tant,tra-&endenta(e-.................................................................................. 3#3!. La >eta01-i&a de S&+e((ing ?Hege( ........................................................................................... 33!9. “Fen,>en,(,g1a” ?a-,(/teK ................................................................................................... 33!. C,n0r,nta&i'n &,nHege( .......................................................................................................... 33!. Hege(&,n&(/-i'n% .................................................................................................................... 393

APNDICE...................................................................................................................................... 393!.Dia(@&ti&a ..................................................................................................................................... 393$. N/e-tra inter2en&i'n &,>*J *. !!-ig-.% ................................................................................... 337. La in2er-i'n 3 *r,*ia>ente &/atr, >,>ent,-e-en&ia(e- ............................................................ 33#. La e*erien&ia &,>, &entr, e-en&ia( de (a&,n&ien&ia ................................................................ 33

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DILUCIDACIÓN DE LA “INTRODUCCIÓN” DE LA“FENOMENOLOGÍA DEL ESPÍRITU” DE HEGEL

!"#$% Martin Heidegger

CONSIDERACIÓN PRELIMINAR

Acerca del diverso rol y posición de la “Fenomenología del espíritu” en la metafísica de Hegel


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La ,ra /e -e den,>ina re2e>ente “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”J de Hege(Ja*are&i' en e( a, != a, e( t1t/(, “Si-te>a de (a &ien&ia. Pri>er t,>,. La0en,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”. E( 2erdader, &/er*, de (a ,ra -e ini&ia &,n /nareei'nJ /e a( rea*are&er en (a edi&i'n de Ora- &,>*(eta- i a*ena- aar&atre&e *gina-J -iend, d,tada a/1 e*re-a>ente de( t1t/(, “Intr,d/&&i'n” IIJ "3$%ii C,n &ierta- re-er2a- *,dr1a>,- den,>inar a e-ta reei'n

“Intr,d/&&i'n”J a/n/e e-te t1t/(, 0a(te en (a *ri>era edi&i'n. *rende &/arenta ? /na*gina-. Despuésde( Pre0a&i, ? ante- de (a “Intr,d/&&i'n” -e en&/entra ena(g/n,- ee>*(are- de (a *ri>era edi&i'niii /na *,rtada *ara toda(a ,ra &,n e(t1t/(, “Cien&ia de (a e*erien&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia”. D/rante (a i>*re-i'nJ Hege(ree>*(aK' e-te t1t/(, *,r e( -ig/iente “Cien&ia de (a 0en,>en,(,g1a de(e-*1rit/”. En (a edi&i'n &,>*(eta de -/- ,ra-J ini&iada in>ediata>entede-*/@- de -/ >/erte *,r -/- di-&1*/(,-J e-ta ,ra a*are&i' en !7$ a, e(t1t/(, de “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”. E-te t1t/(, e- ?a e>*(ead, *,r Hege(>i->, en (a Intr,d/&&i'n de (a “L'gi&a” !!$J *. ; i2%. E( art1&/(, deter>inad, ?deter>inante “(a” e- dead, 0/era. P/e-t, /e *,&, tie>*, ante- de -/ >/erte+a1a &,>enKad, a re2i-ar e-ta ,raJ */ede -/*,ner-e /e e-ta >,diQ&a&i'nde( t1t/(,J ? de >,d, -e>eante (a inter*,(a&i'n de( t1t/(, “Intr,d/&&i'n”J -ere>,nta a @( >i->,. La >,diQ&a&i'n de( t1t/(, tiene -/ raK'n de *e-,. La“Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” de1a *erder e( “r,(” de “*ri>era *arte” de(-i-te>aJ *,r/e entre tant, e( “-i-te>a” >i->, en e( *en-a>ient, de Hege( -e+a1a tran-0,r>ad,. Para el“Si-te>a de (a &ien&ia”J &/?a

i G..F. Hege(J Werke. (Obras).Edi&i'n &,>*(eta *,r /na a-,&ia&i'n de a>ig,- de( di0/nt,. T I3;I;.5er(1n !7$3# ? !.ii O*. &it.J t. II. Phänomenologie des Geistes,edit. *,r 4,+anne- S&+/(KeJ 5er(1n !7$J $a. ed. !#.Fenomenología del espíritu,trad. de . R,&e- de (a 9a. ed. de F. MeinerJ Ha>/rg !"$J en a-e a(tet, de 4. H,>ei-terJ M@i&, !"$ a. rei>*r.%J “Intr,d/&&i'n” *. !39=.

iii System der Wissenschaft von G.W.F. Hegel. Erster Theil, die Phänomenologie des GeistesSistema de laCiencia de G.W.F. Hegel. Primera parte, la Fenomenología del Espíritu%J 5a>erg ? rK/rgJ e?

4,-e*+ Ant,n G,e+ardtJ !=.i2 Wissenschaft der Logik.8,n D. Ge. i(+. Friedr. Hege(J NrnergJ e? 4,+ann Le,n+ard S&+ragJ$t,>,-% !!$!7 ? !!9. G..F. Hege(J Cien&ia de (a L'gi&aJ $tJ trad.de A. ? R. M,nd,(0, de (aed. de G. La--,n !"# en (a ed. F. MeinerJ Edi&. S,(arJ 5/en,- Aire- 9a. ed.J !""7.

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*ri>era *arte (a &,n-tit/1a (a “Cien&ia de (a 0en,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”J e-taa*re2i-ta /na -eg/nda *arteJ -egn /n an/n&i, reda&tad, pore( >i->, Hegel?

a*are&id, e( $ de ,&t/re de != en e( Jenaer Allgemeinen Literaturzeitung:“Unsegundo tomo&,ntendr e( -i-te>a de (a Lógica&,>, Q(,-,01a e-*e&/(ati2aJ ? de (a-re-tante- d,- *artede (a Q(,-,01aJ (a- Cienciasde (a naturaleza? de( espíritu”v .De+e&+,J (a an/n&iada L'gi&a “e-*e&/(ati2a” &,>enK' a a*are&er &in&, a,- >-tarde ?*re&i-a>ente a, e( t1t/(, de “Cien&ia de (a ('gi&a”. E-te t1t/(, &,rre-*,nde a(de (a “*ri>era *arte” de( “Si-te>a de (a &ien&ia” de != “Cien&ia de (a0en,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”. S'(, /e (a “Cien&ia de (a ('gi&a” en !!$ ?a noa*are&e a, e( t1t/(, aar&ad,r “Si-te>a de (a &ien&ia”. Ta>*,&, ?a e- editadaJ&,rre-*,ndiend, a( *r,*i, an/n&i, de !=J &,>, e( “segundot,>,” , (a “segunda*arte” de( -i-te>a. En (,- a,- !!$ ? !!7 a*are&e e( *ri>er t,>, de (aL'gi&a en d,- (ir,-J en (,- /e e-t &,ntenida (a “L'gi&a ,eti2a” en !!9a*are&e e( -eg/nd, t,>,J /e &,n&(/?e (a ,ra &,n (a “L'gi&a -/eti2a” , (a“Te,r1a de( &,n&e*t,”. La- “Cien&iade (a nat/ra(eKa ? de( e-*1rit/”J ta>i@n


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*re2i-ta- en e( *r,*i, an/n&i, de != *ara (a -eg/nda *arte de( “-i-te>a”J n,a*are&en *ara nada. Sae>,-J *,r &iert,J /e Hege( d/rante -/ a&ti2idada&ad@>i&a en 4ena !=!3!=9% e*/-, 2aria- 2e&e- detenida>ente (a Fi(,-,01ade (a nat/ra(eKa ? de( e-*1rit/2i. Frag>ent,- de e-,- &/r-,- ingre-ar,n en (a“Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”J a/n/e &,n /na 0/n&i'n >,diQ&ada. P,r (, tant,J(a */(i&a&i'n de (a- “Cien&iade (a nat/ra(eKa ? de( e-*1rit/” en (a -eg/nda

*arte de( -i-te>a de != n, -e ((e2a a &a,J n, *,r/e Hege( n, +/ierae(a,rad, e-t,- >it,- -in, *,r ,tra raK'n e-en&ia(. En (a @*,&a entre != ?!!$ e( “-i-te>a”J &/?a -eg/nda *arte 1ntegra (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”Jtiene /e +aer-e >,diQ&ad,. Den,>ina>,- are2iada>ente a( -i-te>adeter>inad, a *artir de (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”J “-i-te>a3Fen,>en,(,g1a”. Un a, de-*/@- de( a&aa>ient, de (a “L'gi&a”J /e +a1aa*are&id, *,r -1 >i->a entre !!$ ? !!9J -in a-igna&i'n e*re-a a /n -i-te>a&,>, *arte *r,*ia de( >i->,J Hege( */(i&' en e( a, !! /na ,ra &,n e(t1t/(, “En&i&(,*edia de (a- &ien&ia- Q(,-'Q&a- en &,>*endi,. Para e>*(e, en (,-&/r-,- Vde( Dr. Ge,rg Friedri&+ i(+e(> Hege(W”.2ii

2 G..F. Hege(J Phänomenologie des Geistes.Editad, *,r 4,+anne- H,>ei-ter -egn e( tet, de (a

edi&i'n ,rigina(. Lei*Kig !"7. Edit,ria( de F@(i Meiner. Introducción del editor,*. ;;;8III. G..F.Hege(JFenomenología del espírituJ ,*. &it.J n, re*r,d/&e (a Intr,d/&&i'n de( edit,r.2i C,>*. G..F. Hege(J Jenenser Realphilosophie (Natur- und Geistphilosophie). I. Die Vorlesungen von1803/04.Editad, a *artir de (,- >an/-&rit,- *,r 4,+anne- H,>ei-ter. Lei*Kig !"7$.Edit,ria(de F@(i Meiner. G..F. Hege(J Jenenser RealphilosophieNatur- und Geistphilosophie%. II. Die Vorlesungen1805 /06. Editad, a *artir de (,- >an/-&rit,- *,r 4,+anne- H,>ei-ter. Lei*Kig !"7!. Edit,ria(de F@(i Meiner. G..F. Hege(J Filosofía realJ trad. de 4. M. Ri*a(daJ F,nd, de C/(t/ra E&,n'>i&aJMadrid !"#.2ii Encyklopädie der philosophieschen Wissenschaften. Zum Gebrauch seiner Vorlesungen von Dr. Georg FriedrichWilhelm Hegel.Heide(erg. Edit,ria( A/g/-t O--)a(dJ !!.G.F.. Hege( Enciclopedia de las ciencias

filosóficastrad. de R. 8a((- P(anaJ A(ianKaJ Madrid !"".

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Hege( &,>enK' -/ a&ti2idad d,&ente en e( -e>e-tre de in2iern, !!9! enHeide(erg &,n e( &/r-, -,re (a “En&i&(,*edia”. La &a-i -i>/(tnea publicaciónde(a “En&i&(,3*edia” tiene -in d/da -/ “>,ti2a&i'n *r'i>a” en (a “ne&e-idad” de*,ner en >an,- de (,- “,?ente- /n +i(, &,nd/&t,r”.2iii Per, (a raK'n internade (a*/(i&a&i'n e- (a tran-0,r>a&i'n de( -i-te>a en la0,r>a /e Hege( &,n-ider'definitiva? ta>i@n >ant/2, comota(. En e( Pre0a&i, a (a “En&i&(,*edia” -e di&ea-i>i->, “En /n &,>*endi, 2iene -in e>arg, ent,n&e- a &,n-idera&i'n >-ien -'(, /na conveniencia externade di-*,-i&i'n ? ,rganiKa&i'nJ &/and, +a? /n&,ntenid, ?a *re-/*/e-t, ? &,n,&id,J /e dee -er e*/e-t, en /na

inten&i,nada re2edad. En tant, (a a&t/a( *re-enta&i'n n, e-t en e-te &a-,J-in, /e e*,ne /na n/e2a e(a,ra&i'n de (a Q(,-,01a -egn /n >@t,d,J e( &/a(J&,>, e-*er,J -er an re&,n,&id, &,>, e( ni&, 2erdader,J id@nti&, a(&,ntenid,J ent,n&e- +ar1a *,did, tener a (a >i->a &,n re-*e&t, a( *(i&, *,r>- 2enta,-aJ -i (a- &ir&/n-tan&ia- >e +/ieran *er>itid, +a&er *re&eder /n>- deta((ad, traa, -,re (a- ,tra- *artede (a Q(,-,01aJ -e>eante a( /e-,re (a *ri>era *arte de( t,d,J (a Lógica,+e entregad, a( *(i&,”.i

De e-ta- ,-er2a&i,ne- -e +a&e &(ar, a(g, de&i-i2,!. La “En&i&(,*edia” n, e- en e( 0,nd, /n (ir, e-&,(arJ -in, (a 0,r>a de( -i-te>an/e2, ? deQniti2,. L, den,>ina>,- are2iada>ente “-i-te>a3En&i&(,*edia”.$. Para e-te -i-te>a -e rei2indi&a a+,ra (a “L'gi&a” &,>, -/ *ri>era *arte ? ?an, (a “Cien&ia de (a 0en,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”.

7. Hege( en e( Pre0a&i, a (a “En&i&(,*edia” +a&e expresare0eren&ia a (a “Cien&iade (a ('gi&a” &,n&(/ida e( a, anteri,rJ (a /e &,n e((, re&ie +a&ia 0/era /na


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*,-i&i'n equívoca.Pare&i' *ri>er, -er an (a -eg/nda *arte de( -i-te>a3Fen,>en,(,g1a ? e- en -/ a*are&erJ en 2erdadJ ?a (a *ri>era ? 0/nda>enta(*arte de( n/e2, -i-te>a3En&i&(,*edia.#. Hege( ya no>en&i,na en e( Pre0a&i, a (a “En&i&(,*edia” (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de(e-*1rit/” */e- a+,ra n, -'(, ?a n, e- (a *ri>era *arte de( -i-te>aJ -in, /e ?an, e- >- de ningn >,d, /na *arte *rin&i*a( de @-te.6/e a( a*are&er (a “L'gi&a” en !!$J &in&, a,- de-*/@- de (a“Fen,>en,(,g1a”J e( “-i-te>a3Fen,>en,(,g1a” +a -id, ?a aand,nad,J -e dea-/*,ner *,r (a 0a(ta de( t1t/(, genera( “-i-te>a de (a &ien&ia” ? (a 0a(ta de&ara&teriKa&i'n &,>, “-eg/nda” *arte. De (a “Pr,*ed@/ti&a Q(,-'Q&a”J /e Xar(R,-enYrenK edit' en e( t,>, ;8III de (a- ,raen !#= e- *,-i(e -aer /e ?aen (a @*,&a entre != ? !!! &,n-taa e( -i-te>a2iii

2iii C,>*. ,*. &it.J Ini&i, de( Pre0a&i, a (a *ri>era edi&i'n%. 8IJ edit. *,r Le,*,(d 2.HenningJ 5er(1n !#=J *. III.Enciclopedia de las ciencias filosóficas - 1830,,*. &it.i ,*.&it.J Pre0a&i,. 8IJ *. I8 ? -ig-. G..F. Hege(J Obras.Edi&i'n &,>*(eta *,r /na A-,&ia&i'n de a>ig,- de( di0/nt,. T. ;8III.Philosophiesche Propädeutik,editada *,r Xar( R,-enYranK. 5er(1n !#=.

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En&i&(,*edia. Ade>- de e((, (a di2i-i'n +e&+a *,r Hege( de( >ateria( deen-eanKa de (a “Pr,*ed@/ti&a Q(,-'Q&a”J /e e*/-, &,>, Pr,0e-,r en e(Gi>na-i, de NrnergJ de-&/re >/? &(ara>ente (a *ree>inen&ia de( -i-te>a3En&i&(,*ediaPri>er &/r-/- C(a-e in0eri,r Te,r1a de( Dere&+,J de (,- Deere- ? de (aRe(igi'n.Seg/nd, &/r-/- C(a-e >edia Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/ ? L'gi&a. Ter&er &/r-/- C(a-e -/*eri,r Te,r1a de (,- &,n&e*t,- ? En&i&(,*edia Q(,-'Q&a.i

A/1 +a-ta a*are&e e( 2erdader, a&aa>ient, de (a L'gi&a &,>, ini&i, ? a-e

de( -i-te>a3 En&i&(,*edia. Per, a+,ra en e-te -i-te>a (a Fen,>en,(,g1a de(e-*1rit/ n, e-t ,rrada. E- a-/>ida en e( -i-te>a3En&i&(,*edia &,n /na 0/n&i'n>,diQ&ada. E-te tiene tre- *arte-A. La Cien&ia de (a ('gi&a.5. La Fi(,-,01a de (a nat/ra(eKa.C. La Fi(,-,01a de( e-*1rit/.E-ta ter&era *arte e-t n/e2a>ente arti&/(ada de >,d, tri*(e!Z. *arte E( E-*1rit/ -/eti2,.$Z. *arte E( E-*1rit/ ,eti2,.7Z. *arte E( E-*1rit/ a-,(/t,.La !Z. *arte de (a ter&era *arte *rin&i*a( de( -i-te>aJ (a Fi(,-,01a de( e-*1rit/-/eti2,J e-t de n/e2, di-*/e-ta en /na tri*(e arti&/(a&i'n

A. E( a(>a.5. La &,n&ien&ia.C. E( e-*1rit/.ii

En e( [ 7= intr,d/&t,ri, a (a !Z. *arte de (a ter&era *arte *rin&i*a( de( -i-te>a-e di&e “e( e-*1rit/ -/eti2, e-% a)e( in>ediat,J e( espíritu de la naturaleza,,et,de (a +ait/a(>ente den,>inada Antropología, e( alma; b)e( e-*1rit/ &,>,reei'n id@nti&a en -1 ? en ,tr,J relación, *arti&/(ariKa&i'n -conciencia,e( ,et,de (a Fenomenologíade( e-*1rit/ c) el espíritu que es para sí,, &,>, sujeto; -e( ,et, de(a ante- a-1 den,>inada Psicología.3En e( alma despierta(a conciencia;(a &,n&ien&ia -e pone&,>, razón;? (a raK'n -/eti2a -e (iera a tra2@- de -/ a&ti2idad +a&ia (a

,eti2idad”.iii E-ta tri*(e di0eren&ia&i'n de( e-*1rit/ -/eti2,J e- +i-t'ri&a>ente

di(/&ida(e a tra2@- de (a di0eren&ia&i'n deanima, animus sive mens? ratio. G..F. Hege(JPropedéutica filosófica,trad. de E. 8-/eKJ Uni2. S. 5,(12arJ Cara&a- !"=.


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i ;8IIIJ *. !J J !$!.ii 8IJ Índi&eJ *. ;I3;8I.iii O*. &it.J *. $=".

- 8 -A+,ra (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” -e &,n2ierte en (a *ieKa &entra( de (a*ri>era *arte de (a ter&era *arte *rin&i*a( de( -i-te>a. En (/gar de -,-tener ?deter>inar &,>, ante-J en &a(idad de *ri>era *arteJ (a -i-te>ti&a de( -i-te>aJde-a*are&e a+,ra (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a” en >edi, de (a -i-te>ti&a de( -i-te>adeQniti2,J en /n ng/(, de( >i->,. La “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” *er>ane&e(a >i->a en -/ &,ntenid, de en-eanKaJ *er, tiene ,tra 0/n&i'n -i-te>ti&a ?>/? re-tringida en e( n/e2, -i-te>a. Hege( ter>in' de &,n-tr/ir en -/&,ntenid, e( -i-te>a3En&i&(,*edia en (,- a,- -ig/iente-. C,n re-*e&t, a (a*ri>era 0,r>a de !!J (a a-1 ((a>ada En&i&(,*edia de Heide(ergJ (a -eg/ndaedi&i'n de !$ e- e-en&ia(>ente >- 2,(/>in,-aJ ? (a ter&era de !7= e-tan >- a>*(iada. En (a -eg/nda edi&i'n re&,gi' (a a(,&/&i'n /e dirigiera a

-/- ,?ente- e( $$ de ,&t/re de !! a( ina/g/rar-e -/ a&ti2idad d,&ente en5er(1n. La frase finalde e-ta a(,&/&i'n &ara&teriKa (a postura fundamentalde( -i-te>a3En&i&(,*edia ? &,n e((, de (a >eta01-i&a +ege(iana en genera( “La e-en&ia*ri>er, ,&/(ta ? &errada de( /ni2er-, n, tiene 0/erKa a(g/na en -1 /e */diera*re-tar re-i-ten&ia a( ni>, de &,n,&i>ient,J tiene /e arir-e a @( ? *,nerante -/- ,,- ? dar a di-0r/tar -/ ri/eKa ? *r,0/ndidade-”.i2 E( -i-te>a3En&i&(,*edia >/e-tra en -/ &,n-tr/&&i'n /n de&idid, retr,&e-, a (a e-tr/&t/ra0/nda>enta( de (a >eta01-i&a 2igente. A (a metaphysica generalis&,rre-*,nde (a*,-i&i'n de *re0eren&ia de (a “Cien&ia de (a ('gi&a”. A (a &,n&(/-i'n de (ametaphysica specialisa (a verdadera>eta01-i&a en e( -entid, de Xant%J e- de&irJ a (atheologia rationalis&,rre-*,nde (a Fi(,-,01a de( e-*1rit/ a-,(/t,. A (a kosmologiarationalis&,rre-*,nde (a Fi(,-,01a de (a nat/ra(eKa ? a (a psychologia rationalis(aFi(,-,01a de( e-*1rit/ -/eti2, ? ,eti2,. P,r &iert, e-ta e-tr/&t/ra tradi&i,na( -e+a >antenid, ta>i@n en e( -i-te>a3Fen,>en,(,g1aJ *er, -'(, *ara (a -eg/nda*arte de( -i-te>a. E( cambiode( -i-te>a3Fen,>en,(,g1a a( -i-te>a3En&i&(,*ediae-tJ en t,d, &a-,J &,n ta(e- re0eren&ia- -'(, eteri,r>ente &ara&teriKad,. La*reg/nta *,r (a ne&e-idad internade ta( &a>i, ? *,r -/ -igniQ&ad, >eta01-i&,J(a *reg/nta *,r (a ,&/(ta ig/a(dad de dere&+,- ? *,r (a -,(idaridad de a>,--i-te>a- en (a >eta01-i&a de Hege(J (a- *reg/nta- *,r (a e-en&ia ? e( de-*(ieg/ede( &ar&ter -i-te>ti&,J /e di-ting/e en genera( a (a >eta01-i&a >,derna&,>, ta(J t,da- e-ta- *reg/nta- eigen /na reei'nJ /e -e en&/entra 0/erade( +,riK,nte de (a in2e-tiga&i'n “+i-t,ri,grQ&a” de Hege(. Per, (a di(/&ida&i'na+,ra intentada de (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” /i-ieraJ en e( &ir&/it, de

ta(e- reei,ne-Ji2 Encyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften im Grundrisse. Zum Gebrauch seiner Vorlesungen von Dr.Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.Seg/nda edi&i'n. Heide(ergJ Edit,ria( A/g/-t O--)a(dJ!$.3 La>en&i,nada a(,&/&i'n 0/e re&,gida en e( t,>, ;III de (a edi&i'n de (a A-,&ia&i'n de a>ig,-.C,>*. ,*.&it.J t. ;III, Vorlesungen über Geschichte der Philosophie. T,>, IJ edit. *,r Xar( L/d)igMi&+e(et. 5er(in !77J *. 9. Hege(J Enciclopedia de las ciencias filosóficas,,*.&it. Hege(J Historia de la

filosofía,7 tJ trad. de .R,&e-J F,nd, de C/(t/ra E&,n'>i&aJ M@i&, !"J #a. rei>*r.

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*re-igniQ&ar ? &,n e((, indi&ar /e e-ta >eta01-i&a a+,ra ? en e( 0/t/r, n,-re-*e&ta tan in>ediata>ente &,>, (a >- antig/a -enten&ia de( *en-a>ient,,&&identa(. C/and, Hege( en (a &,n&(/-i'n de( >en&i,nad, di-&/r-, di&e de(“universum”,? e-t, e-J *ara @(J a (a 2eKJ de( a-,(/t,J /e n, tiene en -1 0/erKa


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a(g/na de re-i-ten&iaJ de aQr>ar -/ e-en&ia &erradaJ ante e( ni>, e*(,rad,rde( &,n,&i>ient, >eta01-i&,J -/rge ent,n&e- (a *reg/nta de por qué(e 0a(ta a(a-,(/t, e-ta 0/erKa de re-i-ten&ia. La re-*/e-ta reKa *,r/e e( a-,(/t, -egn-/ e-en&ia n, */ede re-i-tir-e a (a e*(,ra&i'nJ -in, *,r e( &,ntrari, -e quiere>ani0e-tar. E-ta 2,(/ntad de >,-trar-e e- -/ e-en&ia. E( a*are&er e- (a2,(/ntad e-en&ia( de( e-*1rit/. De-de (a >irada a e-a 2,(/ntad e-en&ia( de(a-,(/t, e-t *r,n/n&iada a/e((a 0ra-e de Hege(. E-ta deter>ina&i'n e-en&ia(de( a-,(/t, e- ent,n&e- e( -/*/e-t, de( -i-te>a3En&i&(,*edia. \Per, /@ ,&/rre&,n e-te -/*/e-t, >i->,] \P/ede e( -i-te>a e(e2ar (a *reten-i'n de -era-,(/t, &/and, re*,-a en /n -/*/e-t,J /e @( >i->, n, 0/nda>enta ? a -aera-,(/ta>ente] Hege( +a de-arr,((ad, de +e&+, (a 0/nda>enta&i'n de e-tae-en&ia de( a-,(/t, ? den/n&iad, e-te de-arr,((, en (a “Cien&ia de (a0en,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”. Si e( a-,(/t, /iere >ani0e-tar-eJ *,r/e @(>i->, e- 2,(/ntad de >ani0e-ta&i'nJ ent,n&e- tiene/e *ertene&er a (a e-en&iade( a-,(/t, e( >ani0e-tar-eJ e- de&irJ e( a*are&er. E-en&ia ? a*are&er -,n a/1 id@nti&,-. E( a-,(/t, e- e-*1rit/. E( e-*1rit/ e- (, /e -e -ae a -1 >i->, ? enta( -aerJ -aer de -1 >i->, /e -e /iereJ &,>, 0/nda>ent, e-en&ia( de t,d,

ente. E( e-*1rit/ e- e( -aer a-,(/t,. Ma- &,>, a -/ e-en&ia *ertene&e e(a*are&erJ e( -aer a-,(/t, tiene /e *re-entar-e (darstellen)&,>, -aer /ea*are&e. S'(, a-1 e( -aer a-,(/t, &,n&ede a *artir de sía( ni>, de(&,n,&i>ient, +/>an, (a *,-ii(idad de e-tar aiert, parae-te &,n,&i>ient, ? engenera( en(, &,n,&id, de e-te &,n,&er. 8i&e2er-a e( &,n,&er +/>an, tieneJ entant, -ae e( a-,(/t,J ante- /e t,d, ((e2ar a ee&/&i'n (Ausführung)e(*re-entar-e de( -aer /e a*are&e. Per, e-ta ee&/&i'n de( *re-entar-e de(a-,(/t, /e a*are&e -'(, */ede -er e((a >i->a absoluta, si debe adecuarse al absoluto.P,r -/ *arte (a &ien&ia tiene /e ((e2ar e-te a-,(/t, *re-entar-e a a-,(/taee&/&i'n. Si (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” e- e-ta ee&/&i'nJ ent,n&e- (a ,ra&,n e-te t1t/(, +a ,-ad, /na tarea >eta01-i&a &,>, ante- n/n&a ne&e-it' -er*(anteada ni *,-teri,r>ente n/n&a >- *,d1a -er(,. P,r e((, e-ta “,ra” e- /nin-tante ni&, ? en /n *arti&/(ar -entid, de-ta&ad, de (a +i-t,ria de (a>eta01-i&a. < >enta>,- &,n (a “,ra” n, (a *r,d/&&i'n *en-ante de( +,>reHege(J -in, (a “,ra” &,>, a&ae&i>ient, de /na +i-t,riaJ en >edi, de (a &/a( ?*ara (a &/a( -e eige a t,da rea(iKa&i'n (Vollbringen)+/>ana /na *r,*iae-tai(idad ? deter>ina&i'n (a in-tan&ia de( -er3a+1%. Hege( -/*, a -/ >anerade (a -ing/(aridad de (a tarea de (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” ? n, -e enga'a&er&a de (a e-en&ia( diQ&/(tad. De (, &,ntrari, n, +/iera anti&i*ad, a e-ta,ra /na “Intr,d/&&i'n” de e-*e&ia( &,ntenid, ? a e-ta “Intr,d/&&i'n”n/e2a>ente /n “Pre0a&i,”J /e n, tiene -1>i( en (a +i-t,ria de( *en-a>ient,,&&identa(. “Pre0a&i,-” e “intr,d/&&i,ne-” deen -in e>arg,J -i de a(gn >,d,deen a(g,J intr,d/&ir a (a ,raJ ,0re&er a (,- /e “e-tn a0/era” e( trn-it, a -/

ingre-,. En (a-

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“intr,d/&&i,ne-” a ,rade (a- &ien&ia- e-ta tarea */ede -er &/>*(ida -indiQ&/(tade-J *,r/e e( re*re-entar diari, ? e( *en-ar &ient1Q&, *er>ane&en en/na a&tit/d dirigida dire&ta>ente a( ente. Una “intr,d/&&i'n” a( *en-a>ient,Q(,-'Q&, e- i>*,-i(e */e- a/1 n, +a? ningún &,ntin/, e i>*r,2i-ad,de-(iKar-e de( *en-ar diari, a( *en-ar *en-anteJ *,r/e @-te trata a&er&a de( -er? e( -er n/n&a ni en ning/na *arte e- +a((a(e a, e( ente &,>, /n ente. A/1 -'(, -e da e( -a(t, ? e( ingre-,. Una “intr,d/&&i'n” a/1 -'(, */ede -er2ir *ara*re*arar e( -a(t,J ((e2ar a( &a>*, 2i-/a( (a Kana /e tiene /e -er -a(2ada entre

e( re(a&i,nar-e &,n e( ente ? e( *en-ar de( -erJ ? a n, t,>ar de>a-iad,re2e>ente (a a&,>etida a( -a(t,. \P,r /@ e- e-t, *,-i(e] La &,>*ren-i'n de-er *reQ(,-'Q&a%. Per, t,da intr,d/&&i'n “a” “(a Q(,-,01a” tiene -in e>arg, /e


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entender-e &,n (,- /e n,3e-tnen e((, ? a2ent/rar-e a su +,riK,nte de&,>*ren-i'n. De e-te >,d, (a “intr,d/&&i'n” *r,&ede -ie>*re ?ne&e-aria>ente &,ntra -/ *r,*ia inten&i'n. A *e-ar de e((,J n, ne&e-ita -er2anaJ &,>, *re*ara&i'n de( -a(t, a( *en-ar /e *ien-a e( -er de( ente. A+,raienJ en (a >eta01-i&a de Hege( ^? en (a >eta01-i&a de( idealismo alemánen genera(3-e trata n, -'(, de *en-ar e( -erJ -in, /e a/1 -e +a&e ne&e-ari, *en-ara-,(/ta>ente a( ente en -/ -er como(, a-,(/t,J de manera absoluta.A/1 -e eige/n -a(t, /e tiene /e -a(2ar-e n/e2a>ente a -1 >i->, e( -a(t, a-,(/t, a(a-,(/t,. La *re-enta&i'n de (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” ,-a rea(iKar e-te-a(t,. De-de e-ta- ,-er2a&i,ne- -e +a&e &(ar, /e n/e-tr, intent, de di(/&idar(, /e e- (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” *er>ane&e &/e-ti,na(e en t,d,re-*e&t,. \C'>, +e>,- de *r,&eder &/and, ade>- n, -/*,ne>,- a+,ra e(&,n,&i>ient, de (a ,ra >i->a ni e( de( “Pre0a&i,” ? (a “Intr,d/&&i'n”]Rei2indi&a>,- (a a?/da /e Hege( >i->, ,0re&i' &,n (a “Intr,d/&&i'n” a -/,ra. En t,d, &a-, tene>,- /e a-eg/rar ante- e-ta- *,&a- +,a- &,>, (, /e*,r Qn tienen /e -er re&,n,&ida- ? &,n&eida-. E((a- -,nJ a -aerJ (ae*(i&a&i'n delt1t/(,J /e e-t antet,da (a ,ra ? /e reKa “Cien&ia de (a

e*erien&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia”. A+,ra ienJ Hege( d/rante (a i>*re-i'n -/*ri>i' /-ta>ente estet1t/(,. Per>ane&i' -'(, en a(g/n,- ee>*(are- de (a *ri>eraedi&i'n !=%. En (/gar de( t1t/(, -/*ri>id, *,ne (a 2er-i'n deQniti2a “Cien&iade (a 0en,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”. En (a edi&i'n de (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a” dentr,de (a- Ora- &,>*(eta- !7$%J /e e- (a >a?,r>ente /ti(iKadaJ 0a(ta e( t1t/(,-/*ri>id,J de ta( >,d, /e (a “Intr,d/&&i'n” re0erida a @( /eda -in indi&a&i'ne*re-a de la re(a&i'n en (a /e +a(a. Frente a( */ante “Pre0a&i,”J (a“Intr,d/&&i'n” a*are&e ade>- in-igniQ&anteJ de >,d, /e en e( >e,r de (,-&a-,- -e t,>a de e((a a 2e&e- /n, /e ,tr, *a-ae &,>, “&ita-” ^? -,n -ie>*re(a- >i->a- >a( entendida-3. La “Intr,d/&&i'n” e*(i&aJ *,r /@ (a “Cien&ia de (ae*erien&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia” e- ne&e-aria ? /@ e- e((a >i->a en raK'n de -/ne&e-idad. Mantenga>,- &er&a e( segundot1t/(, “Cien&ia de (a 0en,>en,(,g1a de(

e-*1rit/”J ent,n&e- 2ere>,- en-eg/idaJ a/n/e *ri>er, -'(, 0,r>a(>enteJ e-t,La “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” e- “(a e*erien&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia”. Di(/&idar(a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” -igniQ&a -egn e((, e*,ner -,re (a a-e de (a“Intr,d/&&i'n” (, /e Hege( *ien-a &/and, +a(a a/1J a -aerJ en e( >it, de(a >eta01-i&a a-,(/ta ? (a “e-*e&/(a&i'n”J de “(a e*erien&ia” -igniQ&a e*,ner&'>, -e entiende (, /e -e den,>ina “(a e*erien&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia”

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-igniQ&a e*,ner en /@ -entid, tiene /e -er *en-ada (a “Cien&ia de (ae*erien&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia” &,>*. In0ra IIIJ [ 7%. Para /e a(&an&e>,-

&(aridad a/1J -e re/iere ante- /na di(/&ida&i'n de (, /e di&e e( t1t/(,“&,n&ien&ia” en (a >eta01-i&a >,derna. “C,n&ien&ia” e- e( n,>re n, de( t,d,&(ar, *,r conscientia,e- de&irJ *ara el-aer /e &,n-ae t,d,- (,- >,d,- de&,nd/&ir-e de( +,>reJ en tant, e-tn re0erid,- a (a mens,a( “e-*1rit/”. E(“e-*1rit/” -e e*re-a a -1 >i->, &,>, >i->,J en tant, di&e “?,”. En tant, (a&,n&ien&ia &,>, &,n-aer de (, -aid, ? de -/ -aer “e-” (a re0eren&ia a -1 >i->,J e- autoconciencia.La e-en&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia e- (a a/t,&,n&ien&ia t,d,cogitoe- /n ego cogito me cogitare. Ta>i@n e( videre? ambularee- /n cogitare,en tant,-'(, -,n 2erdader,-J e- de&irJ -,n en &erteKaJ en e( >,d, de( cogitatum en e(cogito me videre, cogito me ambulare.P,r e((, De-&arte- di&e en [ " de (a *ri>era *artede (,- Principia philosophieae!9#9% Cogitationes nomine, intelligo fila omnia, quae nobis

consciis in nobis fiunt, quatenus eorum in nobis conscientia est.2 “5a, e( n,>re_*en-a>ient,` _&,n&ien&ia`% entiend, t,d, a/e((, /e en n,-,tr,-J /iene-


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n,- &,n-ae>,-J a&ae&e ? a -aer a&ae&e en tant, de t,d, a/e((, en n,-,tr,-+a? /na &,n&ien&ia”.:

La &,n&ien&ia n, e- >era perceptio,re3*re-entar asidor,-in, apperceptio,/n *re3-entar3n,- /e n,- &,>*rende. Per, e( -1 >i->, de e-te >,d, &,3re*re-entad,n, -e >/e2e -egn (a e-en&ia *,-teri,r>enteJ 0/era de (, ?a -aid,J ni en (a&,n&ien&iaJ /e de (, &,ntrari, *er>ane&e dirigida de in>ediat, a (a- &,-a-. Laa/t,&,n&ien&ia n, e- /na &,n&ien&ia enriquecidaen -/ &,ntenid, -'(, *,r (are*re-enta&i'n de( -1 >i->,J -in, /e (a &,n&ien&ia de (a- &,-a- e-e-en&ia(>ente ? *r,*ia>ente a/t,&,n&ien&iaJ a/n/e en (a >a?,r1a de (,-&a-,- /na ta( /e n, re*re-enta e*re-a>ente a( -1 >i->, ? a-1 en &ierta>anera (, ,(2ida. E( -1 >i->, en (a a/t,&,n&ien&ia e- -,re t,d, /n a-*e&t, de(a re(a&i'n de (a &,n&ien&ia &,n (, -aid, ? e- -i>/(tnea>ente ? *r,*ia>entet,da e-ta re(a&i'n >i->a. E-ta re(a&i'n &,ntiene (a &,n-tit/&i'n e-en&ia( de (a&,n&ien&ia. Hege( (a den,>ina “reei'n”J *er, n, entiende e-te t1t/(,*-i&,('gi&a>ente &,>, *r,&ederJ -in, ,nt,('gi&a>ente &,>, (a re(a&i'ne-tr/&t/ra( de (a ei'n e-en&ia( ? de( ree, de t,d, (, &,n&iente &,>, ta( ?&,n e((, de (a &,n&ien&ia en e( -1 >i->,. Entiende (a “reei'n” n, &,>,

retr,dire&&i'n de (a mirada,-in, &,>, retr,ei'n de( ri((ar ? a*are&erJ e- de&irJde (a (/K >i->a. La “reei'n” ^&,>*. ?a Xant en (a “AnQ,(1a de (,- &,n&e*t,-de (a reei'n”3 e-t *en-ada >eta01-i&a ,nt,('gi&a>enteJ n, -/eti2a3*-i&,('gi&a>ente%. La /nidad e-en&ia( de “reei'n” ? negati2idad (a&,n&ien&ia e- e( e-*1rit/ &,>, reei'n id@nti&a en -1 ? ,tr,%. P,r/e (a&,n&ien&ia e- en e-en&ia a/t,&,n&ien&ia ? tiene /e -er &,n&eida a *artir de(-1 >i->,J *er, e( -1 >i->, sale de-1 al,et, ? -a(iend, de e-te >,d, -e >/e-tra? a*are&eJ

2 De-&arte-J Principia philosophiae.". Oeuvresde De-&arte-. P/(. *ar C+ar(e- Ada> et Pa/( Tanner?. Pari- !3!"!=. 8,(. 8IIIJ !J *.. Descartes, Los principios de la filosofía,trad. de G.Ha(*erinJ $a. ed.J L,-adaJ 5/en,- Aire- !""J *. ". Ta>i@nJ De-&arte-, Los principios de la

filosofía,trad. de G. 6/int-J A(ianKaJ Madrid !""J *. $9.: C,n&ien&ia trad/&e a/1 _Mit)i--en-&+a0t` en (a 2er-i'n /e da e( a/t,r de( t@r>in,(atin, _&,n-&ientia`.

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(a &,n&ien&ia &,>, a/t,&,n&ien&ia e- e( -aer que aparece.La &,n&ien&iaJ t,>adaen -/ e-en&iaJ e- a-1 e( elemento? e( éter del aparecerde( -aerJ /e es@( >i->, -'(,&,>, -aer-eJ e- de&irJ &,>, mens sive animus,e- de&irJ e-*1rit/. 6/e e( +,>ree- -1 >i->, ? */ede de&ir “?,” ? -ae de -1 >i->, ? tiene /na“a/t,&,n&ien&ia”J 0/e -ie>*re &,n,&ida *ara e( *en-a>ient, ,&&identa(.Her&(it, di&e Frag.!=!% “1 >i->,3 +e ,ede&id, a -/

interi,r”.2i Per, e-t,- “>,n'(,g,-” de( a(>a en e( >/nd, grieg, ? en e(&ri-tiani->, ^ta>i@n (,- “-,(i(,/i,-” de Ag/-t1n3 -,n radi&a(>ente di0erente-de (a “&,n&ien&ia”J /e &,>, a/t,&,n&ien&iaJ e- de&irJ a/t,&erteKaJ deter>ina(a e-en&ia de (a 2erdad >,derna>ente &,n&eidaJ e- de&irJ ,eti2idad ?rea(idad. Hege( di&e en -/ &/r-, -,re (a Hi-t,ria de (a Q(,-,01a >,dernaJde-*/@- de +aer tratad, a Fran&i- 5a&,n ? 4aY, 5+>e “L(ega>,-*r,*ia>ente re&i@n a+,ra a (a Q(,-,01a de( >/nd, >,dern,J ? &,>enKa>,- @-ta&,n Carte-i/-. C,n @( ingre-a>,- *r,*ia>ente a /na Q(,-,01a inde*endienteJ (a/e -ae /e *r,&ede inde*endiente>ente de (a raK'n ? /e (a autoconcienciae->,>ent, e-en&ia( de (, 2erdader,. A/1J *,de>,- de&irJ e-ta>,- en &a-a ?*,de>,-J &,>, e( na2egante de-*/@- de /n (arg, 2iae *,r /n >ar i>*et/,-,Jgritar _btierrac̀ Carte-i/- e- /n, de (,- +,>re- /e &,>enKar,n t,d, de

n/e2, ? &,n @( -e e(e2a (a 0,r>a&i'nJ e( *en-ar de( n/e2, tie>*,”. 2ii “En e-ten/e2, *er1,d, e( *rin&i*i, e- el pensar,e( *en-ar /e -a(e de -1”.2iii


10/46

En n/e-tr, (eng/ae *,de>,- de&ir ta>i@n La &,n3&ien&ia: e- a+,ra (a e-en&iade( -er de t,d, ente. T,d, -er e- ,eti2idad de (a “&,n&ien&ia”. La >eta01-i&a>,derna e- (, /e e- en e( e(e>ent, de (a &,n&ien&ia. Si *,r e((, Hege( tit/('*,r /n >,>ent, e-ta ,raJ en (a /e -e a&aa (a >eta01-i&a >,derna “Cien&iade (a e*erien&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia”J ent,n&e- n, *,de>,- dear *a-ar (a&(aridad de e-te >,>ent,J -in, /e tene>,- /e intentar a&(arar (a ,ra de-de

e((a. N, -e +a de e(/dir e-ta ne&e-idadJ -,re t,d, *,r/e a *e-ar de (a n/e2ade-a*ari&i'n de( >en&i,nad, t1t/(,J *,r d,/ier en e( &/r-, de (a ,ra en*a-ae- de&i-i2,- -e +a(a de (a “e*erien&ia”. Preg/nta>,- *,r (, tant, \/@-igniQ&a a/1J en e( >it, de (a >eta01-i&a a-,(/ta ? de -/ e-*e&/(a&i'nin&,ndi&i,nadaJ “e*erien&ia”] \6/@ -igniQ&a “e*erien&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia”]La di(/&ida&i'n de( t1t/(, “Cien&ia de (a e*erien&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia” en a-e a(a Intr,d/&&i'nJ e2idente>ente n, */ede en (a *re-ente ,*,rt/nidad -errea(iKada &,>, deiera a tra2@- de /na inter*reta&i'n 0,r>a(J &,ntin/a de(tet, intr,d/&t,ri,. Una 2i-ta genera( ? /n r*id, ea>en de (a &,n-tr/&&i'n de(a “Intr,d/&&i'n” dee a-tar &,>, re&/r-,. La “Intr,d/&&i'n” &,n-i-te endie&i-@i- *argra0,- !3!9%J /e n,-,tr,-

2i Her>ann Die(-, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker.Grieg, ? a(e>n. a. edi&i'nJ *,r a(t+erXranK. Pri>er t,>,J 5er(1n !"7#. P. !7. Los filósofos presocráticos,,*. &it.2ii G..F. Hege(J Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie. t. ;8J edit. *,r Xar( L/d)igMi&+e(et. 5er(in !79. P. 7$. G..F. Hege(J Hi-t,ria de (a Q(,-,01aJ ,*. &it.2iii Iid.: En e( tet, a(e>n _da- 5e)/--t3-ein`.

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arti&/(a>,- en &in&, &a*1t/(,- I38%. Sean a/1 di(/&idad,- -'(, (,- *ri>er,-&/atr, &a*1t/(,- !3!%.

I. LA FUNDAMENTACIÓN PARA LA E4ECUCIÓN DE LA PRESENTACIÓN DEL SA5ER6UE APARECE (PARÁGRAFOS 1-4 DE LA “INTRODUCCIÓN”)

En (a Q(,-,01aJ e- de&irJ en (a >eta01-i&aJ -e trata de( &,n,&i>ient, de (, /e2erdadera>ente e-J , de (, /e e( ente en 2erdad e-. E( 2erdader, enteJ *ara (a>eta01-i&a de( idea(i->, a(e>nJ e- e( a-,(/t,. Si en e-ta >eta01-i&a e(a-,(/t, +a de -er &,n,&id,J e-te *r,*'-it, e-t a (a -,>ra de (a Q(,-,01a deXantJ &/?a “Cr1ti&a de (a RaK'n */ra” tiene (a inten&i'n de *re-tar &(aridada&er&a de (a e-en&ia de( &,n,&i>ient, e-*e&/(ati2, de( a-,(/t, a tra2@- dede(i>ita&i,ne- ien 0/ndada-. E( a/t,a-eg/ra>ient, de( *r,&eder ? de t,da*,-t/ra e- en genera( /n ra-g, 0/nda>enta( de (a Q(,-,01a de (a >,dernidad. Dee-te >,d, &,rre-*,nde en e-ta @*,&a a /na “re*re-enta&i'n nat/ra(”J anticipara(

&,n,&i>ient, de( a-,(/t, /na &,n-idera&i'n ea>inad,ra de( &,n,&i>ient,>i->,. P,r/e Hege( /iere “intr,d/&ir”J tiene /e *artir de /na“re*re-enta&i'n nat/ra(”. Ta(e- */nt,- de *artida -e etienden *,r e((, a tra2@-de t,da (a “Intr,d/&&i'n”J de >,d, /e Hege( +a&e &,>enKar &ada n/e2, *a-,de (a “Intr,d/&&i'n” &,n /n ta( “*/nt, de *artida”J *er, *ara (/eg, >,-trar+a-ta /@ */nt, (a- re*re-enta&i,ne- &,rriente- parecen,e-tar en -/ dere&+,*er, en rea(idad n, (, e-tn. Di&+, >- &(ara>ente ? en e( -entid, de Hege( L,/e (a- re*re-enta&i,ne- &,rriente- >ientan de( &,n,&i>ient, &,n re-*e&t, a/n ea>en *re2i, de( >i->,J -igniQ&a en 2erdad ,tra &,-a. P,r (, tant, Hege(n, niega de >anera a(g/na /e /n “ea>en” de( &,n,&i>ient, tiene /e*re&eder a( &,n,&i>ient, a&aad, de( a-,(/t,. S'(, /e e( ti*, de ea>en ? (ae-en&ia de( &,n,&i>ient, de( a-,(/t, -,>etid, a( >i->, -'(, -e */ede

deter>inarJ -i de a(g/na >aneraJ a *artir de( >i->, a-,(/t,. Si e>*rende>,-e( ea>en de( &,n,&er ? -/ 0a&/(tad de( >,d, &,rrienteJ tene>,- en e((, ?a /n&,n&e*t, de( &,n,&er. -te rige &,>, /n “in-tr/>ent,” a tra2@- de &/?a


11/46

a*(i&a&i'n e>*rende>,- (a &rea&i'n de( ,et, *,r &,n,&er. Per, *ara *,derde&idir a&er&a de (a a*tit/d de( in-tr/>ent, , -/ ine*tit/dJ tene>,- /e ?a+aer &,n,&id, e( ,et, *,r &,n,&er. La re(a&i'n &,gn,-&ente &,n e( a-,(/t,e-t ?a *re-/*/e-ta. L, >i->, rige &/and, e( &,n,&i>ient, e- &,n&eid, n,&,>, “in-tr/>ent,” -in, &,>, “>edi/>”J a tra2@- de( &/a( (a (/K de (a 2erdadn,- ((ega. “In-tr/>ent,” ? “>edi/>” tienen a>,- e( &ar&ter de >edi,-. Ma-

-i t,>a>,- e( &,n,&i>ient, de( a-,(/t, &,>, /n >edi,J ent,n&e-des&,n,&e>,- (a e-en&ia ? e( -entid, de( &,n,&i>ient, a-,(/t, ? de( V>i->,Wa-,(/t,. P/e- e- e-en&ia de @-te in&(/ir en -1 t,d, (, re(ati2, ? &ada re(a&i'n&,n (, re(ati2, ? &,n e((, ta>i@n &ada re(a&i'n de (, re(ati2, &,n e( a-,(/t,*/e- de (, &,ntrari, n, -er1a

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e( a-,(/t,. P,r (, tant, e( a-,(/t, n, */ede -er n/n&a a(g, /e de a(g/na>anera */di@ra>,- re&i@n a&er&arn,- a tra2@- de a(gn ti*, de “in-tr/>ent,”J

&,>, -i en *ri>er (/gar n, */diera e-tar ?a en n,-,tr,-. E( a-,(/t, está&,>,a-,(/t, “en ? *ara -1 ?a en n,-,tr,-”J -1J +a-ta “/iere e-tar en n,-,tr,-” IIJ9=%.: De ig/a( >,d, e( &,n,&er n, e- /n >edi/> entre n,-,tr,- ? e( a-,(/t,Jde >anera /e e/i2a(iera a /na re0ra&&i'n de( ra?, de( &,n,&i>ient, a tra2@-de( >edi,. M- ien e( &,n,&er e- “e( ra?, >i->,J a tra2@- de( &/a( (a 2erdadn,- t,&a” i1d.%. De >anera intr,d/&t,ria ? &a-i in&identa(>enteJ en&/ierta en*r,*,-i&i,ne- -/,rdinada-J Hege( e*re-a en e( *ri>er *argra0, de (a“Intr,d/&&i'n” (, /e -,-tiene -/ >eta01-i&a e( a-,(/t, e-t ?a en n,-,tr,- ?/iere e-tar en n,-,tr,-. E( &,n,&er e- e( ra?, de( a-,(/t, /e n,- t,&aJ n, /n*r,*'-it, /e ,tene>,- “*,-teri,r>ente” en dire&&i'n +a&ia e( a-,(/t,.De-de e( a/t@nti&, re&/erd, de (a +i-t,ria de (a >eta01-i&aJ dei@ra>,- -aer/e @-ta de-de P(at'n ? Ari-t'te(e- -'(, *ien-a e( ente &,>, enteJ en tant, a (a

2eK *ien-a a( >i>, ente ? a -/ 2eK @-te &,>, e( 0/nda>ent, ? (a &a/-a :: det,d, ente ? &,n e((, de( -er. En tant, e( ente e- *en-ad, &,>, enteJ (a>eta01-i&a e- ,nt,('gi&a. En tant, e( ente &,>, ente e- *en-ad, de-de e(>i>, enteJ (a >eta01-i&a e- te,('gi&a. La >eta01-i&a e- en -/ e-en&ia,nt,te,('gi&a. E((, rige n, -'(, *ara (a >eta01-i&a de P(at'n ? *ara (a deAri-t'te(e- , +a-ta *ara (a >eta01-i&a &ri-tiana. Ta>i@n (a >eta01-i&a >,dernae- de De-&arte- a NietK-&+e ,nt,te,('gi&a. La 0/nda>enta&i'n ? e2iden&ia de(*rin&i*i, de a/t,&erteKa de( ego cogitotiene -/ 0/nda>ent, en (a idea innatasubstantiae infinitae,e- de&irJ Dei.Cada >'nada di2i-a en /na deter>inada*er-*e&ti2a e( /ni2er-, ? &,n @( (a >'nada &entra( de Di,-. T,da raK'n de(+,>reJ &,>, re(a&i'n 0/nda>enta( de -/ e-en&ia &,n e( enteJ e-tdeter>inada -egn Xant *,r (,- *,-t/(ad,- de (a raK'n *r&ti&aJ en (,- /e e-t*(anteada (a ei-ten&ia de( >i>, ien &,>, de (, in&,ndi&i,nad,. < e( -er&,>, “2,(/ntad de *,der” e- ta>i@n -egn NietK-&+e -'(, *,-i(e -,re e(0/nda>ent,de(, in&,ndi&i,nad,J /e @( -'(, */ede e*re-ar t,da21a &,>, “e(etern, ret,rn, de (, ig/a(”. En tant, Hege( di&e “E( a-,(/t, ?a e-t enn,-,tr,-” ? “e( &,n,&er e- e( ra?, de( a-,(/t, /e n,- t,&a”J di&e (, >i->,.Per, di&e e-t, >i->, a (a 2eK de ,tr, >,d, ^a -aer de-de /na (ti>ain&,ndi&i,na(idadJ /e *(antea &,>, (, *ri>er,. A e-ta *,-i&i'n e*re-a ?-aed,ra *ri>era de( *ri>er -/*/e-t, de t,da >eta01-i&a deter>inada,nt,te,('gi&a>enteJ tene>,- /e &,n&eir(a Qna(>ente &,>, (, /e e-. E- (a>i>a de&i-i'n de (a a/t,rreei'n &r1ti&aJ ini&iada &,n De-&arte-J ((e2adare&i@n *,r Xant a -/ >it, tra-&endenta(%. E- (, &,ntrari, de /na e-*e&/(a&i'n

-in (1>ite-J /e deara tra- -/?, (,- >,,ne- 0r,nteriK,- de (a &r1ti&a. E( -aer de(a e-en&ia de( -aer a-,(/t, -e -ae ?a a -1 >i->, &,>, -aer a-,(/t,. E- e(-aer en -/ e-en&ia(idadJ “(a” &ien&ia


12/46

: N,ta de( edit,r Va(e>nW La- &ita- de (a Fenomenología del Espíritu-ern *r,*,r&i,nada- enade(ante -egn (a edi&i'n de (a ,ra &,>*. arria *. 9 n,ta ! ? $% en 0,r>a are2iadain>ediata>ente de-*/@- de( *a-ae &itad,.:: E( a/t,r e-&rie _Ur3-a&+e`J /e trad/&i>,- *,r _&a/-a`J -e*arand, e( *reQ, &,n /n g/i'nJ&,n (, /e de-ta&a e( -entid, >i->, de (a *a(ara &,-a ,riginaria.

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-i>*(e>enteJ (a ni&a /e */ede ? tiene /e -aer -/ *r,*ia e-en&ia. E- (a“Te,r1a de (a &ien&ia”. A-1 reKa -egn Fi&+te e( n,>re a(e>n ? >,dern, *ara(a >eta01-i&a a-,(/ta. E-ta >eta01-i&a n, e- e( de-+e&+, de (a “&r1ti&a”J -in,/e &,n&ie (a “&r1ti&a” >i->a en -/ in&,ndi&i,na(idad. C,n-idera /e (a>i>a &ir&/n-*e&&i'n &,n re-*e&t, a( &,n,&i>ient, de( a-,(/t, re-ide en /n*re2i, &,>enKar en -eri, &,n (, /e a/1 e- &,n,&id,. Per, -i a+,ra “(a &ien&ia”-e e*re-a a-1J en 0,r>a dire&taJ -,re e( a-,(/t, ? e( &,n,&i>ient, de(a-,(/t,J ent,n&e- entra -i>*(e>ente en &iert, >,d, en >edi, de( ,*inardiari, ? entre (,- +e&+,- /e a*are&en &,>, /n, entre ,tr,-. Ma- e( >er,entrar ? arir-e *a-, n, e- -in e>arg, (egiti>a&i'n a(g/na. P,r e((, Hege( di&e+a&ia (a &,n&(/-i'n de( &a*1t/(, I de (a “Intr,d/&&i'n” *argra0, #% “Per, (a&ien&ia *,r e( +e&+, de /e entra en e-&enaJ e- e((a >i->a /n 0en'>en, -/entrar en e-&ena n, e- an e((a ((e2ada a &a, ? de-*(egada en -/ 2erdad” IIJ 9$%. Un >er, entrar en e-&ena -er1a &,ntrari, a (a e-en&ia de( -aera-,(/t,. Si ?a a*are&eJ ent,n&e- e-te a*are&er tiene /e *re-entar-e de ta(>,d,J /e e( a-,(/t, en e-ta *re-enta&i'n ((e2e a a*are&er a-,(/ta>ente -/*r,*ia e-en&ia /e a*are&e. Per, a*are&er a-,(/ta>ente /iere de&ir en e(a*are&er >,-trar *,r &,>*(et, (a e-en&ia *(enaJ de ta( >,d, /e en ta(a*are&erJ e( *ri>er, de t,d,-J ta>i@n ? a (a 2eK ((eg/en a a*are&er e( e-*a&i,? e( @terJ e- de&irJ e( “e(e>ent,” de( a*are&er. Per, e( e(e>ent, d,nde e(e-*1rit/ a-,(/t, -e >/e-tra &,>, -aer a-,(/t, e- “(a &,n&ien&ia”. E- e(-aer /e a*are&e en -/ a*are&er. La *re-enta&i'n de( -aer /e a*are&e e-ne&e-ariaJ *ara ((e2ar e( entrar en e-&ena “de (a &ien&ia”J , -eaJ de(&,n,&i>ient, -i-te>ti&, de( a-,(/t,J *,r en&i>a de( >er, entrar en /ne(e>ent, indeter>inad,J ? de e-te >,d, +a&er -er a( a*are&er de( a-,(/t,-egn -/ e-en&iaJ e- de&irJ @( >i->, a-,(/t,. E( &,n,&i>ient, de( a-,(/t, n,e- a+,ra in-tr/>ent, ni >edi/> 0/era ? de-*rendid, de( a-,(/t,J -in, /e e-&,>, &,n&ien&ia e( e(e>ent, de -/ a*are&erJ /e -e 0/nda en e( a-,(/t,>i->, ? e- *,r @( de-*(egad, ? ese-te a*are&er en -/- di0erente- Qg/ra-. E(&,n,&i>ient, de( a-,(/t, n, e- /n “>edi,”J -in, e( &/r-, de( a-,(/t, >i->,/e a*are&eJ a tra2@- de -/- grad,- de a*ari&i'n (Erscheinungstufen)+a&ia -1 >i->,. A/1 n, -e trata de /na &r1ti&a de (a 0a&/(tad de &,n,&i>ient,J ni de /nade-&ri*&i'n &a-/a( de ti*,- de &,n,&i>ient,J -in, de( *re-entar-e de( a-,(/t,

>i->, en e( e(e>ent, de -/ a*are&erJ /e en e((, re&i@n -e ina/g/ra. E(a-,(/t, n, e- ni a*are&e n/n&a en e( >er, entrar en e-&ena entre ,tr,- ? en&/a(/ier *arte e- de&irJ re(ati2a>ente a a(g, /e n, e- @( >i->,. E( a-,(/t,a*are&e e-en&ia(>ente -'(, de >,d, a-,(/t,J , -eaJ en e( a-,(2er de (aintegridad de -/- grad,- de a*ari&i'nJ a tra2@- de &/?, a-,(2er rea(iKa (aabsolutio,(a a-,(/&i'n: de (a >era a*arien&ia de( >er, entrar. Sea ((a>ada e-taee&/&i'n (ierad,ra “a-,(2er”% de -/ a*are&er (a a-,(2en&ia de(

: E( a/t,r e>*(ea (a *a(ara de ,rigen (atin, _A-,(/ti,n`J /e e-&rii>,- en -/ 2er-i'n (atina_a-,(/ti,` ? (/eg, (a e/i2a(ente a(e>ana _L,--*re&+/ng` /e trad/&i>,- *,r _a-,(/&i'n`.

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a-,(/t,. E( a-,(/t, “e-” -'(, en e( >,d, de (a a-,(2en&ia. E( &,n,&i>ient,de( a-,(/t, n, e>*rende n/n&a &,>, /n >edi,J e- de&irJ a(g, re(ati2,J /n


13/46

&rear /nt, &,n e( a-,(/t,J -in, /e e-J &/and, e-J @( >i->, a-,(/t,J e- de&irJa-,(2enteJ , -eaJ /n &/r-, (Gang)? /n &a>in, de( a-,(/t, a -1 >i->,. P,r e((,J*/e-J en (,- &a*1t/(,- -ig/iente- -e +a(a ta>i@n -ie>*re de n/e2, de“&a>in,” ? e( *re-entar-e de( e-*1rit/ /e a*are&e e- &ara&teriKad, &,>, curso.

II. EL PRESENTARSE DEL SA5ER 6UE APARECE COMO CURSO HACIA LA 8ERDADDE SU PROPIA ESENCIA (PARÁGRAFOS 5-8 DE LA INTRODUCCIÓN)

Per, -i entende>,-J -egn e( >,d, de re*re-enta&i'n diari,J a( &,n,&i>ient,&,>, &/r-,J ? e-&/&+a>,- a/1 a&er&a de( &/r-, de (a &,n&ien&ia +a&ia -/2erdad e-en&ia(J e- de&irJ +a&ia e( e-*1rit/J ent,n&e- *,de>,- de +e&+,&,n&eir t,d, e-t, “de-de e( */nt, de 2i-ta” de (a &,n&ien&ia nat/ra( &,>, /n“&a>in, de( a(>a” a( e-*1rit/ a-,(/t,. E( &/r-, e- ent,n&e- /n itinerarium mentísin Deum 5/ena2ent/ra%. De +e&+,J t,d,- (,- intent,- de inter*retar (a“Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” de Hege( +an &,n&eid, ta>i@nJ +a-ta a+,raJ a@-ta en e( -entid, de /n &/r-, /e re&,rre (a “&,n&ien&ia nat/ra(”. S'(, /eHege( di&e e*re-a>ente *argra0, % /e -e “*/ede” &,n&eir a-1 (a

Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/ de-de e( */nt, de 2i-ta de (a &,n&ien&ia nat/ra(J n,Q(,-'Q&a. Per, &,n e((, -e di&eJ /-ta>enteJ /e e-ta &,n&e*&i'n e-Q(,-'Q&a>ente n, 2erdadera. P/e- n, -e trata de /n &a>in,J /e -e en&,ntraraante (a &,n&ien&ia nat/ra( ? /e &,>, &a>inante (, re&,rriera en dire&&i'n a(a-,(/t,. Ante- ienJ e( &/r-, >entad, *,r Hege( e- e( &/r-, /e -ig/e e(>i->, a-,(/t,J de ta( >,d, /e en e-te &/r-, anda -/ &a>in, ? -/ ,eti2,J (a2erdad de -/ a*are&er &,>*(et,. En e((, (a &,n&ien&ia nat/ra( -e >/e-tra &,>,/n -aerJ /e an n, +a rea(iKad, en -1 (a 2erdad de( -aer ? /e *,r e((, tiene/e aand,nar -/ ,-tina&i'n. Per, a/1 -e are *a-, ren,2ada>ente (a,*ini'n diaria ? &,n&ie e-te &a>in, de (a &,n&ien&ia +a&1a -/ 2erdad ? &erteKaa( >,d, de De-&arte-J &,>, /n &a>in, de (a d/da. Ma- @-te 2a en -/edaJ a(, -/>,J de-*/@- de re&,rrer (, d/d,-,J de tener n/e2a>ente (a &,-a en (a

>an, ? en (a &ertid/>reJ &,>, e-taa ante- de( a-,>, de d/da. E( &a>in, de(a d/da -e an/i(,-a -i>*(e>ente en la certeza,/e (a d/daJ &,>, 0e en -1 >i->a? en -/ dere&+,J ?a *re-/*,ne. Per, e( &/r-, de( -aer /e a*are&e +a&ia -/2erdad e-en&ia( e- /n &/r-, en e( /e ?a e( *ri>er *a-, *ien-a >- a(( de (aesenciade (a &,n&ien&iaJ *er, +a&iend, e-t, tiene /e re&,n,&er /e (a e-en&ia&,n&eida en *ri>er (/garJ t,>ada en -1J n, ,0re&e ning/na e-*eranKa de ((e2are( a-,(/t, en -/ 2erdadJ e- de&irJ a-/e(t, ? a-,(2enteJ a a*ari&i'n. E( *ri>er*a-, en e( &/r-, de( a-,(/t, /e -e ((e2a a a*ari&i'n eige /n *r'i>,J de( &/a(rige (, >i->,J ? e((, +a-ta /e e( t,d, de (a- Qg/ra- e-en&ia(e- de (a &,n&ien&ian, -e a-/e(2a ? -'(, en (a a-,(/&i'n -ea a-,(/t,. E( &/r-, de( -aer /ea*are&e e- ent,n&e- de *a-, en *a-, >- ien /n “&a>in, de (ade-e-*era&i'n” *argra0, 9J IIJ 97%. A/n/e (,- grad,- *re&edente- tienen

/e -er aand,nad,-J -in e>arg,

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tienen a -/ 2eK /e -er &,n-er2ad,-J e( a-,(2er n, +a de -er /na *@rdida -in,(a ni&a 0,r>a de a(&anKar e( a-,(/t,. Per, “e( &a>in, de (a de-e-*era&i'n”-er1a -'(, /n &a>in, -in *er-*e&ti2aJ en e( &/a( *re&i-a>ente nada V+ar1aW nin/n&a >- a*are&er1a a(g,. E( &,ntin/, aand,nar a-,(2ente de (,- grad,-anteri,re- e- *,r e((, ne&e-aria>ente /n entrar: en e((,-J a Qn de /e (a&,rre-*,ndiente Qg/ra e-en&ia( de (a &,n&ien&ia */eda -er a-/>ida */e-re&i@n &,>, en -/>a a-/>ida- */eden en e( *r,&e-, -er &,n-er2ada-. E( &/r-,de( -aer /e a*are&e e- /n -,rea-/>ir (Aufheben)(a- Qg/rade -/ e-en&ia /e

((egan a a*are&er. < “-,rea-/>ir” e- a(g, tri*(e (a- Qg/ra- re&,rrida- de (a&,n&ien&ia -,n n, -'(, re-*e&ti2a>ente re&,gida- en e( -entid, de /n tollere


14/46

(e2antar de( -/e(,%J -,n a (a 2eK -,rea-/>ida- en e( -entid, de /n conservare&,n-er2ar% V? en e( de /n elevare].E-te &,n-er2ar e- /na tradi&i'nJ en (a /e (a&,n&ien&ia entrega:: -/- Qg/ra- re&,rrida- >i->a-J en tant, en (a -/&e-i'ne-en&ia( de -/ a*are&er (a- t,>a ? &,n-er2a ? a-1 (a- “-,rea-/>e” en /n d,(e-entid,. De e-te >,d, (a &,n&ien&ia rea(iKaJ *re-entnd,-eJ -/ a*are&er en /na

+i-t,ria (Geschichte),/e rige a (a 0,r>a&i'n de -/ e-en&ia de >anera /e en e-ta>i->a 0,r>a&i'n -e -ae en (a integridad de -/ a*are&er. “La -erie de -/-&,nQg/ra&i,ne-J /e (a &,n&ien&ia re&,rre en e-te &a>in,J e- >- ien (a+i-t,ria &ir&/n-tan&iada de (a conformaciónde (a &,n&ien&ia >i->a en &ien&ia”*argra0, 9J IIJ 9# >edi,%. N/e2a>ente -e are *a-, (a ,*ini'n diaria &,n/na *reg/nta. Si e( *re-entar-e de( -aer /e a*are&e e- /n &/r-, en e( -entid,de (a &ara&teriKada +i-t,ria de (a &,n0,r>a&i'n de (a- Qg/rade (a &,n&ien&iaJ\de d'nde t,>a ent,n&e- e-te &/r-, e( *rin&i*i, de integridad de (a- Qg/ra- ?de d'nde t,>a en genera( -/ >eta ? &,n e((, (a n,r>a de (a -erie de *a-,- de(*r,gre-,] Hege( &,nte-ta a e-ta- *reg/nta- en (,- *argra0,- ? . Lare-*/e-ta a e-ta- *reg/nta- /e *(antea (a ,*ini'n n, Q(,-'Q&aJ -'(, */ede -ine>arg,J &,>, *,r d,/ier en e-ta “Intr,d/&&i'n”J &,n-i-tir en /e (a-

*reg/nta- >i->a- -ean “*(anteada- &,rre&ta>ente”. E((, -/&ede a tra2@- de (are0eren&ia de /e e-a- *reg/nta- de( ,*inar +ait/a( n, *reg/ntan en 2i-ta deaquello-,(, /e e-t en &/e-ti'n e( a-,(/t, ? e( &,n,&i>ient, de( a-,(/t,.E( &/r-, e- e( &/r-, de( a-,(/t, /e a*are&e +a&ia -/ e-en&iaJ /e e-t en -1 >i->a. La >eta de( &/r-, n, e-t de >,d, a(g/n, 0/era de( >i->,J ni ta>*,&,-'(, en -/ t@r>in,. La >eta e- e( &,>ienK,J a *artir de( &/a( e( &/r-, -e ini&ia ?anda en &ada /n, de -/- *a-,-. La- Qg/rade (a &,n&ien&ia n, -e -/&eden/na- a ,tra- de >anera /e *,r (ti>, a*areK&a (a Qg/ra3>etaJ -in, /e ?a (a*ri>era e- &,>, ta( /na Qg/ra de( a-,(/t, e- de ante>an, e(e2ada (elevare)a(a a-,(/teK de( a-,(/t,. E*re-ad, de ,tr, >,d, (, /e a*are&e &,>, *ri>ergrad, de( a*are&er de (a e-en&ia de( a-,(/t,J e- deter>inad, *,r e( a-,(/t,.SiJ */e-J (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”J V-egnW (, /e eterna>ente indi&a e(

1ndi&e de (a ,raJ -e “ini&ia” &,n (a certeza sensible? “ter>ina” &,n e( espírituabsoluto,ent,n&e- e-te

: La &,rre-*,nden&iaJ n, re*r,d/&i(e en &a-te((an,J /e e- e>*(eada en e( tet, entre_einge+en`J entrar ? _a/0ge+en`J aand,narJ ? >- ade(ante _F,rtgang`J *r,gre-, ? _Gang`J&/r-,J di0eren&iad,- *,r -/- *reQ,- ? e>*arentad,- *,r (a >i->a ra1KJ a&(ara e( -entid, /e-e /ega en e( >i->,.:: Una n/e2a &,rre-*,nden&ia (ing1-ti&aJ entre _er(ie0er/ng`J tradi&i'nJ _ergeen`JentregarJ _d/r&+(a/0en`J re&,rrerJ e*(1&ita e( -entid,.

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ini&i, en (a &erteKa -en-i(e n, e- */e-t, en &,n-idera&i'n a( +,>reJ /e -e

detiene *ri>er, en e-te ti*, de -aer. Ante- ien (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de(e-*1rit/” -e ini&ia &,n e( a*are&er de (a esenciade (a &erteKa -en-i(e *,r e-t,J*,r/e e-ta Qg/ra de( -aer e- (a etre>a enaena&i'n en (a /e e( a-,(/t, -e*/eda de-*render. Si -e de-*rende a((1J ent,n&e- e-t &,n re-*e&t, a (a- Qg/ra-de -/ e-en&ia en (a >- 2a&1a ? *,re ? de e-te >,d, (, >- a(ead, *,-i(e de(a integridad de -1 >i->,. Per, e-te a(ea>ient, e-en&ia( de -1 >i->, e- (a&,ndi&i'n 0/nda>enta( *ara /e e( a-,(/t, -e d@ (a *,-ii(idad de( re&,rrid, de/n &/r-, de( ret,rn, a -1 >i->,J ? a -aer de-de -1 >i->, *ara -1 >i->,. Si e(&/r-, de( -aer a-,(/t, +a&ia -1 >i->,J &,>, re&,rrid, a tra2@- de (a- Qg/ra-e-en&ia(e- de -/ a*are&erJ tiene e( ra-g, e-en&ia( de (a -,rea-/n&i'nJent,n&e- e-ta -,rea-/n&i'n e- -egn -/ e-en&ia 2erdadera ? 0/nda>enta( en*ri>er (/gar elevation3 e(e2a&i'n a( a-,(/t,. N, ,(2ide>,- (a- ,-er2a&i,ne-

a*arente>ente -'(, in&identa(e- de( *ri>er *argra0, E( a-,(/t, e-t ?a enn,-,tr,-J e- de&irJ e-t ?a en (a Qg/ra >- aa de (a &,n&ien&iaJ ? n/e-tr,


15/46

&,n,&i>ient, e- e( ra?,J /e n,- t,&a &,>, 2erdad a-,(/ta. En e( *argra0, J/e &ara&teriKa (a >eta de( &/r-, de (a &,n&ien&iaJ di&e Hege( “Per, (a&,n&ien&ia e- *ara -1 >i->a -/ concepto” IIJ 99%. La &,n&ien&ia e- -egn -/e-en&ia a/t,&,n&ien&ia. Per, @-ta -'(, e- -/ e-en&iaJ e- de&irJ V-'(,W e- para-1 >i->a (, /e e- en tant, &,>, a/t,&,n&ien&ia -e -ae a -1 >i->a en (aintegridad de -/ e-en&ia. E-te -aer a/t,-aed,r de -1 >i->, e- -egn Hege(“e( &,n&e*t,”. P,r/e (a &,n&ien&ia -'(, e- en tant, e- -/ &,n&e*t,J &,>, e-tetraer-e a -1 >i->a ante -1 >i->a en -/- Qg/ra- e-en&ia(e-J e- /n &,ntin/, -erarreatada *,r en&i>a de -1 >i->aJ a tra2@- de -1 >i->aJ +a&ia -1 >i->a. “La&,n&ien&ia -/0re *,r (, tant, e-ta 2i,(en&iaJ de &,rr,>*er-e (a (i>itada-ati-0a&&i'nJ e- de&irJ de-e-*erand, tener &ada 2eK /e e&eder -/ grad,% de-1 >i->a”. i1d.% C,>, e-te -er arreatada a( >it, de (a 2erdad de -/ *r,*iae-en&iaJ (a &,n&ien&ia >i->a “-a(e” &,>, (, /e en -/ a*are&er e-. Se *re-entaa -1 >i->a. E- *re-enta&i'n ? “e-” &,>, ta(. E( &/r-, de( *re-entar-e de (a&,n&ien&ia en e( &,ntet, grad/ad, de -/- Qg/ra- tiene e( ra-g, 0/nda>enta(de (a sobreasunción (Aufhebung)en e( tri*(e -entid, &ara&teriKad, de( re&,ger (tollere),&,n-er2ar (conservare)? e(e2ar (elevare).Per, e- e( >,d, de -,rea-/n&i'n

>en&i,nad, en ter&er (/garJ (a e(e2a&i'n a (a e-en&ia a&aada de (a &,n&ien&iae- de&irJ a -/ 2erdad ? “rea(idad e0e&ti2a”%J -egn (a &,-a ? (a “e-en&ia”J e(*ri>er, ? 0/nda>enta( en e( t,d, de (a -,rea-/n&i'n. La &,n&ien&ia -e e-en&ia*re2ia>ente &,>, a/t,&,n&ien&ia en (a e(e2a&i'n a( a-,(/t,. < -ie>*re a-/>ere-*e&ti2a>ente -/ &,n-iente -'(, de (a e(e2a&i'nJ *ara &,n-er2ar a( interi,r de@-ta (a &,n&ien&ia de @-te &,n-iente &,>, /na Qg/ra.De-de ,tra 2i-i'n -e &ara&teriKa &,>, te-i- e( >er, a-/>ir ? &,n-tatar (,&,n-ienteJ &,>, ant1te-i- e( ret,>ar (, a-1 */e-t, &,>, a(g, &,n-iente *ara (a&,n&ien&ia en (a a/t,&,n&ien&iaJ ? &,>, -1nte-i- (a a-/n&i'n &,n/nta de a>a-en (a *era(tante /nidad. Si -e *ien-a en e( ,rden -/&e-i2, de( ,*inar diari,Jent,n&e- e( &/r-, de (a &,n&ien&ia *arte de (a te-i-J *a-a a (a ant1te-i- ?a-&iende a (a -1nte-i-. Per, ent,n&e- -e dirige a Hege( (a *reg/nta &,n re-*e&t,

a e-te *r,&e-,J de &'>, -e deter>inar1a /n +i(, &,nd/&t,r *ara e(

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*a-, de (a te-i- a (a ant1te-i- ? de a>a- a (a -1nte-i-. N, -e en&/entra en (are*re-enta&i'n diaria de e-te &/r-,J de +e&+, ? &,n raK'nJ ningn +i(,&,nd/&t,r. Se ((ega ent,n&e- a (a d/da ? Qna(>ente a (a ,e&i'n ? re*r,&+e &,nre-*e&t, a Hege(J de /e *,ne en e-&ena *,r */r, aritri, e( *r,&e-, en e-tetri*(e *a-,J +a-ta de /e tiene que*,ner(, en e-&ena.P/e- -i *ri>er, e- */e-ta -'(, (a te-i-J 0a(ta t,da indi&a&i'n a&er&a de (adire&&i'n ? e( >it, de (,- &/a(e- dee -er t,>ada (a ant1te-i-. < &/and, e-*/e-ta @-taJ *er>ane&e -ie>*re &/e-ti,na(e en /@ a-*e&t, dea &,n&eir-e

(a ,*,-i&i'n &,>, /na &,>*,-i&i'n ? /nidad.Per, e-ta &r1ti&a a( *en-a>ient, de Hege( 0,r>/(ada a-tante a >en/d, an*,r *arte “Q(,-'Q&a” n, *ien-a de ning/na >anera Q(,-'Q&a>ente. Pa-a*(ena>ente *,r a(t, e( /e (a -1nte-i- e- (, 0/nda>enta( ? &,nd/&t,rJ /e de-de(a 2i,(en&ia de (a e(e2a&i'n ante t,d, reinante e-t &ir&/n-&rit, e( >it, de (,/e >ere&e e( conservare? /e *,r e((, eige /n tollere.Para *,der ((e2ar a*re-enta&i'n e( &/r-, de (a &,n&ien&ia en -/ a*are&erJ e( *en-ar *re-entati2,tiene ante t,d, /e *en-ar (a -1nte-i- ? a *artir de e((a re&i@n *en-ar (a te-i- ?ant1te-i-. Per, e-ta -1nte-i- en tant, a-,(/ta n, e- “+e&+a” *,r n,-,tr,- -in,-'(, rea(iKada. P/e- (a -1nte-i- ? (a elevationa-,(/ta e- ?a &,>, (, /e Hege(n,>ra en e( *ri>er *argra0, de (a “Intr,d/&&i'n”J &/and, di&e d,- &,-a- E(a-,(/t, e-t ?a en n,-,tr,- e( &,n,&i>ient, e- e( ra?, &,>, e( &/a( (a 2erdad

>i->a e( a-,(/t,% n,- t,&a. S1 -e dea de atender a e-t,J en tant, -ede-&,n,&e “(a a-,(/ta% 2i,(en&ia” IIJ 9=%J /e reina ?a en (a e-en&ia de (a


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&,n&ien&iaJ ent,n&e- e- 2an, t,d, intent, de reei,nar a&er&a de( &/r-, de (a&,n&ien&ia ? de -aer (a (e? interna de( *r,&e-, de( &/r-,. Per,J 2i&e2er-aJ rigeta>i@n e-t, -i *en-a>,- *re2ia>ente de-de (a ,riginaria e(e2a&i'n ? -1nte-i-de (a &,n&ien&iaJ ent,n&e- e-t ?a dad, e( 0/nda>ent, de deter>ina&i'n *arae( ti*, de *r,&e-, ? &,n e((, *ara (a integridad de (a- Qg/ra- a re&,rrer. La&,n&ien&ia e-t 0,rKada a( *r,gre-, *,r (a 2i,(en&ia de -/ e-en&ia a-,(/ta

>ientra- n, -e -e*a a -1 >i->a in&,ndi&i,na(>ente en -/ 2erdad ? de e-te>,d, -ea -1 >i->a en -1 ? *ara -1 >i->a. A tra2@- de e-ta >eta de( &/r-, e-t*/e- ta>i@n deter>inada &ada Qg/ra de( *r,&e-, ? e( trn-it, de /na a ,tra-,n (a- Qg/ra- ? grad,- de (a a/t,&,n&ien&ia /e -e deter>inan de-de (ainterna aten&i'n a (a a/t,&,n&ien&ia a-,(/ta. La nega&i'n de (a Qg/ra*re&edente /e -e rea(iKa en e( *r,&e-, n, e- /n negar 2a&1,. Ni -egn (adire&&i'n de( grad, -,rea-/>id, (aufgehoben)e- @-te dead, de (ad, ?aand,nad,J ni ta>*,&, (a nega&i'n 2a en dire&&i'n de( *r,&e-, +a&ia (,indeter>inad, 2a&1,. La nega&i'n en e( *r,&e-, ? &,n e((, -/ e-en&ia e-“nega&i'n deter>inada”. Hege( (, &,n-idera en e( *argra0, de (a“Intr,d/&&i'n”.Per, *,r/e e( &/r-, e- ((e2ad, ? &,nd/&id, *,r (a elevation,-e en&/entra en e(*r,&e-, /n a-&ender de /n grad, in0eri,r a /n, -/*eri,r. < *,r/e e-te *r,&e-,a-&endente e- en -1 /n trn-it, di0eren&iad,r de /n grad, a ,tr,J -e >/e-tra/e e( &/r-, di2i-,ri, ? di0eren&iad,r de( in0eri,r de-de e( -/*eri,r de(*re-entar-e de( -aer /e a*are&e tiene e( &ar&ter de examen.

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Examen 3 -e e-&/&+a en @*,&a de Xant &,>, &,n-idera&i'n “gn,-e,('gi&,&r1ti&a” de( &,n,&erJ /e *ara ta( inten&i'n e- ai-(ad, *,r -1 &,>, /n “>edi,”.Per, ante t,d, e( *en-ar &,>n *(antea de in>ediat, (a *reg/nta de d'ndee-t t,>ada (a reg(a de >edida *ara e-te “ea>inar”. En tant, Hege(

n/e2a>ente -e a2ent/ra en e( ,*inar +ait/a( -,re t,>ar3>edida ? ea>inarJdi(/&ida &,-a- e-en&ia(e- en e( &a*1t/(, -ig/iente de (a “Intr,d/&&i'n” -,re e(&/r-, de( *re-entar-e de( -aer /e a*are&e.

III. LA REGLA3DE MEDIDA: DEL E;AMEN < LA ESENCIA DEL E;AMEN EN ELCURSO DEL SA5ER 6UE APARECE (PARÁGRAFOS 9-13 DE LA “INTRODUCCIÓN”)

!. La &,n&ien&ia &,n0,r>ad,ra de (a reg(a3de >edida ? e( >,2i>ient, dia(@&ti&,de( ea>en. A (a- *reg/nta- a&er&a de /@ -/&ede &,n (a reg(a de >edida *arae( ea>en de (a &,n&ien&ia ? de /@ ti*, e- e( ea>en >i->,J n,- (a- +a&e>,-re-*,nder *,r d,- *r,*,-i&i,ne- de Hege(J /e etrae>,- de e-te &a*1t/(, III de(a Intr,d/&&i'n. S,n d,- *r,*,-i&i,ne- -,re (a &,n&ien&iaJ /e e-tn en conexión

interna&,n (a ?a >en&i,nada &,>*. arria *. % de( *argra0, J de /e (a&,n&ien&ia e- *ara -1 >i->a -/ &,n&e*t,. Una -e en&/entra a( ini&i, de(*argra0, !$ “La &,n&ien&ia -e da a -1 >i->a -/ reg(a de >edida...” IIJ9%.::

\Ha-ta /@ */nt, (a &,n&ien&ia &,>, ta( ? *,r &,n-ig/iente en -1 e- reg/(ad,rade >edidaJ de ta( >,d, /e da ?a (a >edida ade&/ada a -/ e-en&ia *,r e(+e&+, de /e e- &,n&ien&iaJ e- de&irJ de /e “da a e((a >i->a -/ reg(a de>edida”] Hege( di&e &,n &ir&/n-*e&&i'nJ “a e((a >i->a”J n, a -1 >i->aJ *arae*re-ar a tra2@- de e-t, /e (a &,n&ien&ia n, tiene /e de-arr,((ar-e re&i@n*,-teri,r>ente ? ade>- de-de -1. Hege( n, -'(, (a *ien-a en e( -entid, deDe-&arte- en genera( &,>, a/t,&,n&ien&iaJ de ta( >,d, /e t,d, (, &,n&ientee- (, /e es*ara /n ?,J e- de&irJ a(g, /e -e ,*,ne ,et,% a( re*re-entar.

Pien-a *,r anti&i*ad, (a a/t,&,n&ien&ia a (a 2eK en -entid, “tra-&endenta(”Yantian,J e- de&irJ atendiend, a (a ,eti2idad de( ,et, de (a &,n&ien&ia. Per,


17/46

(, ,eti2, de( ,et, -e 0/nda en ? -e deter>ina de-de (a- 0/n&i,ne-,riginaria>ente /niente- -int@ti&a-% de (a a/t,&,n&ien&ia. E((a- deter>inan (a,eti2idad de( ,et,J de ta( >,d, /e &ada ,et, &,>, ta(J e- de&irJ &,nre-*e&t, a -/ ,eti2idadJ -e tiene /e >edir en (a a/t,&,n&ien&iaJ e- de&irJ en(a e-en&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia. E-te e- e( ni&, -entid, de( *en-a>ient, a >en/d,&itad, ? ta>i@n a >en/d, >a(entendid, ? &itad, -'(, 0rag>entaria>enteJ /e

Xant e*re-a en e( Pre0a&i, a (a -eg/nda edi&i'n de -/ “Cr1ti&a de (a RaK'n*/ra” 5 ;8I%J en &/ant, &,>*ara -/ &/e-ti,na>ient, tra-&endenta( &,n e(&/e-ti,nar de C,*@rni&,. La-

: Trad/&i>,- _Ma--3-ta` *,r _reg(a3de >edida` *ara &,rre-*,nder a( -entid, de (a *a(araJ/e a&enta e( a/t,r &,n (a -e*ara&i'n de -/- &,>*,nente-.:: En (a trad. Ca-te((.J ,*.&it.J *..

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*r,*,-i&i,ne- reKan “Ha-ta a+,ra -e a&e*t' /e t,d, n/e-tr, &,n,&i>ient,tiene /e ,rientar-e -egn (,- ,et,- *er, t,d,- (,- intent,- de deter>inar a

prioria(g, -,re e((,- a tra2@- de &,n&e*t,-J a tra2@- de (, &/a( n/e-tr,&,n,&i>ient, -er1a a>*(iad,J -e de-aratar,n a, e-te -/*/e-t,. De a((1 /e -eintente /na 2eKJ -i n,J n, *r,gre-ar1a>,- >- en (a- tarea- de (a >eta01-i&aJa&e*tand, /e (,- ,et,- tengan /e ,rientar-e -egn n/e-tr, &,n,&i>ient,J(, /e ?a &,n&/erda &,n (a an+e(ada *,-ii(idad de /n &,n,&i>ient, de (,->i->,- a priori,/e dee Qar a(g, -,re (,- ,et,-J ante- de /e n,- -eandad,-. C,n e-t, -/&ede &,>, &,n e( *ri>er *en-a>ient, de Copérnico,/iende-*/@- de /e &,n (a e*(i&a&i'n de (,- >,2i>ient,- de( &ie(, n, (,graa -a(irtan ien &/and, ad>it1a /e t,d, e( e@r&it, de e-tre((a- giraa en t,rn, a(e-*e&tad,rJ intent' -i n, re-/(taa >e,r -i +a&1a girar e( e-*e&tad,r ? *,r e(&,ntrari, VdeaaW (a- e-tre((a- en &a(>a”.E-ta &,>*ara&i'n *ara nada -/ena a “-/eti2i->,” en e( -entid, de( *en-ar

&,>n. E( e-*e&tad,r +a de girar en t,rn, a (a- e-tre((a-J n, @-ta- en t,rn, a(e-*e&tad,r. L, >en&i,na XantJ *ara di(/&idar -/ *r,*i, &/e-ti,na>ient, atra2@- de (a &,>*ara&i'n &,n e( gir, &,*erni&an,. \Per, di&e XantJ -in e>arg,J/e (,- ,et,- deen ,rientar-e -egn n/e-tr, &,n,&i>ient,J *,r (, tant, (a-e-tre((a- -egn e( e-*e&tad,r] N, 3 (ea>,- &,n *re&i-i'n. Di&e L,- ,et,-deen ,rientar-e “según nuestro conocimiento”,e- de&irJ -egn (a esenciade (a&,n&ien&ia. E-t, /iere de&ir Xant dea a( ente en -1 en &a(>a ? (, deter>inaJn, ,-tanteJ de ta( >,d, /e +a&e girar e( a*are&er ? &,n e((, e( ,-er2ad,r/e re*re-enta a (, /e a*are&eJ en t,rn, a (a &,-a >i->a. N, /iere de&ire-te r,( a/1 &,>, r,( tendr1a /e ,rientar-e -egn (, /e a/1 *ien-, de@(J -in, e( r,( &,>, ,et, tiene (a e-en&ia de -/ ,eti2idad en (, /e*re2ia>ente *ertene&e a (a e-en&ia de (a ,eti2idad. Éstae- (a >edida *ara e(,et, e- de&irJ (a ,riginaria /nidad de (a a/t,&,n&ien&ia ? de -/ re*re-entar/niente e- lareg(a de >edida dada en (a e-en&ia de (a a/t,&,n&ien&ia *ara (,&,n-iente &,>, ta(. Hege( di&e (a &,n&ien&ia -e da a -1 >i->a -/ reg(a de>edidaJ *,r/e ?a -ie>*re -e e*re-a -,re (a ,eti2idad de -/- ,et,- ? a-1 -,re -1 >i->a. Per, n, -e detiene &,>, Xant en (a a/t,&,n&ien&ia humana,-in,/e ta>i@n &,n2ierte an a (a a/t,&,n&ien&ia >i->a e*re-a>ente en ,et,de -1 >i->a ? de e-te >,d, +a&e de-*(egar en e((a >i->a reg(a- de >edida>- ,riginaria-. De +e&+, ta>i@n Xant *r,&ede a-1J en tant, +a&e en/n&iad,-a&er&a de (a e-en&ia de (a a/t,&,n&ien&iaJ /e -,n >edid,- en genera( en (ae-en&ia de (a raK'n. Per, (a *r,*,-i&i'n de Hege( “La &,n&ien&ia da a -1 >i->a-/ reg(a de >edida”J n, di&e -'(, /e (a reg(a de >edida -ea dada

in>ediata>ente &,n (a e-en&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia ? &aiga en@-ta &,n e( “da” di&ea( >i->, tie>*, /e (a &,n&ien&iaJ en -/ &/r-, +a&ia -/ esencia,+a&e a*are&er


18/46

re-*e&ti2a>ente (a reg(a de >edida de -1 >i->a ? de e-te >,d, e- en -1 conformadora de regla de medida.-ta -e >,diQ&a de grad, en grad,J en tant, *a-, a*a-, a*are&e (a ,riginaria elevationa( a-,(/t, ? &,n e((, @-te >i->, &,>, (aintegridad de (a e-en&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia. E((a -e re(a&i,na &,>, ta( &,n -/&,n-iente e( “,et,”% ? en tant, (, reQere a sí&,>, sí misma,?a sere(a&i,na

ta>i@n consigo>i->a. Segn e-t, e( ,et, e- (, /e e- para(a a/t,&,n&ien&ia.Per, ta>i@n @-ta e- (, /e e- en tant, a*are&e *ara e((a >i->aJ a -aer &,>,(, /e &,n-tit/?e (a ,eti2idad de( ,et,. La a/t,&,n&ien&ia e- en -1 (a reg(a de>edida *ara -/ ,et,. En tant, -e

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re(a&i,na con@-teJ e( ,et,J &,>, (, *,r3>edirJ *er, a (a 2eK &,n-ig, >i->a&,>, (a /e >ideJ -e rea(iKa en -1 >i->a en e-ta d,(e re(a&i'n (a &,>*ara&i'nde (, *,r3>edir &,n -/ reg(a de >edida. Parae((a -,n -i>/(tnea>ente (, *,r3>edir ? (, /e >ide &,>, (, >i->,. La &,n&ien&ia esen -1 >i->a e-en&ia(>enteesta comparación. < en tant, esen e-ta &,>*ara&i'nJ es esencialmente examen.Rea(iKa e(examende -/ e-en&ia n, ,&a-i,na(>ente en -it/a&i,ne- &r1ti&a- -in, en t,d,tie>*,J en tant, &,>, a/t,&,n&ien&ia *ien-a en -/ e-en&iaJ e- de&irJ (a,eti2idad de( ,et,. P,r e((, Hege( di&e La &,n&ien&ia -e ea>ina a -1 >i->a&,>*. *argra0, !7J IIJ 9"%.: C/ant, >en,- (a reg(a de >edida e- re&i@na*,rtada a (a &,n&ien&ia de a(g/na *arteJ tant, >en,- e( ea>en e- rea(iKad,de-de n,-,tr,- ? ,&a-i,na(>ente a e((a. E( &/r-, de (a &,n&ien&ia +a&ia -/*r,*ia e-en&ia /e a*are&eJ e- en -1 a (a 2eK &,n0,r>ad,r de reg(a de >edida ?ea>inad,r. P,r (, tant, (a &,n&ien&ia e- en sí una confrontación consigo misma.Per, e(&/r-, de (a &,n&ien&ia tiene e( ra-g, 0/nda>enta( de (a sobreasunción (Aufhebung),en (a /e -e e*,ne a -1 >i->a en (a 2erdad de -/ e-en&ia ? ((e2a a a*are&er-/- Qg/ra- e-en&ia(e- /nitaria>ente &,>, +i-t,ria e-en&ia(. La &,n&ien&ia e-

&,n0r,nta&i'n en /n d,(e -entid,. E- *,r /na *arte /n e*(i&ar-e di-*/tanteJea>inad,rJ &,ntr,2er-ia &,n-ig, >i->a. E- &,>, e-te e*(i&ar ? -e *,nea*arte ? de >aniQe-t, ? e- e( e*,ner-e en (a /nidad de (, en -1 re/nid,. Lae-en&ia de (a re/ni'n /e e*,ne ? +a&e >aniQe-t, e-J e*re-ad, en grieg,J e(λϒγειν. La e-en&ia de( λ〉γοϕ e- δηλο ν J Ζποφα⇔νεσψαιJ ∞ρµνειειν. P,r e((, e(tratad, ari-t,t@(i&, -,re e( λ〉γοϕ ((e2a e( t1t/(, Περι Ηερµενεια e- de&ir S,re e(+a&er a*are&er e*(i&ati2,%. La re(a&i'n interna &,n IdeaJ &,n Ιδε⇑ν ? &,nειδϒναι e- &(ara%. E( e*,ner e*(i&ati2, en (a /nidad de( di(,g, /e -e&,n0r,nta e- e( διαλογοω ^ e( διαλϒγεσψαι. La e*re-i'n de 2,K >edia n,>ra en/na d,(e -igniQ&a&i'n de( δια &,>, “a tra2@-” ? “entre” e( di(,g, de /ne*re-ar-eJ /e re&,rre /n e-tad, de &,-a- ? (, ((e2a de este modoa a*are&er. inartri*(e>ente -,rea-/>id,r (aufhebende)? t@ti&,3antit@ti&,3-int@ti&,J &,n0,r>ad,rde reg(a de >edidaJ e- “dia(@&ti&,” en -entid, ,riginari,. E( &/r-, de (a&,n&ien&iaJ /e e((a e(a,ra en -1 >i->aJ e- /n “>,2i>ient, dia(@&ti&,”. A+,raen (,- tre&e *argra0,- 2igente-J (a e-en&ia de( &/r-, de (a &,n&ien&ia /e -e*re-enta -e +a a&(arad, de >anera tan a>*(ia ? /nitaria /e Hege( &,n e(*argra0, !#J /e &,n-tit/?e *,r -1 e( &a*1t/(, I8J */ede *a-ar a (a *a(arade&i-i2a de (a “Intr,d/&&i'n”.

$. Retr,-*e&ti2a -,re (a di(/&ida&i'n 2igente I3III%. P/e-t, /e Hege( e*re-a e(ra-g, 0/nda>enta( de (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” en (,- tre- *argra0,-/e -ig/en ? (ti>,- de (a “Intr,d/&&i'n”J e- a&,n-ea(e re-/>ir ante- en


19/46

: En (a trad. Ca-te((.J ,*. &it.J *. .

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/na retr,-*e&ti2a (a di(/&ida&i'n 2igente de @-ta. A( ini&i, de (a- *re-enta&i,ne-

-,re (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” -e a(/di' a( r,( ? *,-i&i'n di0erente- de (a“Fen,>en,(,g1a” a( interi,r de (a >eta01-i&a de Hege(. En e( *ri>er -i-te>aJ /e-e den,>ina a -1 >i->, “Si-te>a de (a &ien&ia”J (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de(e-*1rit/” &,n0,r>aJ a, e( t1t/(, “Cien&ia de (a 0en,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”J (a*ri>era *arte. “La &ien&ia”J di&+, -i>*(e>enteJ -igniQ&a a/1 “(a Q(,-,01a”. < e(t1t/(, “Si-te>a de (a &ien&ia” >ienta “(a Q(,-,01a” en (a ni&a Qg/ra a e((aade&/ada de( “-i-te>a” de-*(egad,. La Q(,-,01a e- &,>, -aer in&,ndi&i,nad,J/e &,ndi&i,na a t,d, ,tr,J en -1 >i->a “-i-te>ti&a”J e- (, /e e- -'(, &,>,“-i-te>a”. E-te n,>re den,>ina (a &,n-tr/&&i'n e-en&ia( de(a &ien&ia >i->aJn, a&a-, (a 0,r>a a*,rtada de /n ,rden *,-teri,r de (,- &,n,&i>ient,-Q(,-'Q&,-%. E( *ri>er -i-te>aJ i*artit,J -ea den,>inad,J atendiend, a( r,(,>nideter>inante de (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a”J e( “Si-te>a3Fen,>en,(,g1a”. E(

-eg/nd,J tri*artit,J /e en-eg/ida de-*/@- de a*are&er (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de(e-*1rit/” tiene /e +aer a(&anKad, *ri>a&1aJ &,n,&e a (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de(e-*1rit/” -'(, &,>, *arte &,n-tit/ti2a -/,rdinada de (a ter&era *arte *rin&i*a(.L, /e -igniQ&aJ */e-J e( de-a*are&er de (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” de( r,(de *ri>era *arte de( -i-te>a *ara e( -i-te>a >i->, ? *,r &,n-ig/iente *ara (a>eta01-i&a de( idea(i->, a(e>nJ -'(, */ede -er a*re&iad,J ? en genera( re&i@n&(ara>ente interr,gad,J -i (a e-en&ia de (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/” e-t-/Q&iente>ente a&(arada. Intenta>,- a/1 +a&er a(g/n,- *a-,- a e-te re-*e&t,? a -aer en /n &a>in, -i>*(e.\6/@ e- “(a Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”] La re-*/e-ta a e-ta *reg/nta (at,>a>,- de (a “Intr,d/&&i'n”J /e Hege( +a&e *re&eder a (a ,ra de-*/@- de/n eten-, “Pre0a&i,”. \6/@ ? &'>, intr,d/&e (a “Intr,d/&&i'n”] E((a e- (a*re*ara&i'n de( arran/e de( -a(t, a( *en-arJ /e en (a ,ra *ien-a. La*re*ara&i'n de( -a(t, -e rea(iKa &,>, di(/&ida&i'n de( t1t/(, “Cien&ia de (ae*erien&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia”. Per, e-te tit/(, 0a(ta en (a ,ra */(i&ada en!=J ig/a(>ente en (a */(i&a&i'n de !7$. P,r e((, n, e- de in>ediat,>aniQe-ta (a 2erdadera deter>ina&i'n de (a “Intr,d/&&i'n”. 6/e Hege(den,>ine “-i-te>a” a /na *arte e-en&ia( >i->a de( “Si-te>a de (a &ien&ia”J e-&,>*ren-i(e de-*/@- de( *re&edente de (a “Te,r1a de (a &ien&ia” de Fi&+te. De(>i->, >,d, n, */ede etraar /e *ara e( -i-te>a de (a >eta01-i&a >,dernaJ/e +a en&,ntrad, -/ 0/nda>ent, ? -/e(, en (a “&,n&ien&ia”J “(a &,n&ien&ia”-ea te>a. La &ara&teriKa&i'n de (a >eta01-i&a &,>, “&ien&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia”*are&e e2idente. P,r e( &,ntrari, n,- -,r*rende /e en e( t1t/(, de /na ,ra de(a >eta01-i&a e-*e&/(ati2a a-,(/ta a-,>e (a *a(ara “e*erien&ia” */e- (,“e>*1ri&,” e-J -in e>arg,J /-ta>ente a/e((, /e en t,da >eta01-i&aJ n, -'(,en (a >,dernaJ *er>ane&e ine-en&ia( ? -'(, >ene-ter,-, de (a e-en&ia(idad de(a e-en&ia.La a&(ara&i'n de( &,n&e*t, de “e*erien&ia” a( interi,r de( t1t/(, “Cien&ia de (ae*erien&ia de (a &,n&ien&ia” tiene /e a&ertar e( &entr, de( de-*ea>ient, dee-te t1t/(, ? &,n e((, e( n&(e, de (a di(/&ida&i'n de (a e-en&ia de (a“Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”. La &a(idad de ni&a de e-ta ,ra -/rge de (a*,-i&i'n 0/nda>enta( /e entretant, +a a(&anKad, (a >eta01-i&a ,&&identa(. La>eta01-i&a e- e( &,n,&i>ient, de( ente &,>, ta( en t,ta(idad a *artir de -/0/nda>ent,. Re&,n,&e a( 2erdader, ente en -/ 2erdad. E-te e- a &,n-e&/en&ia

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20/46

de (a e-en&ia ,nt,3te,('gi&a de (a >eta01-i&a e( >i>, ente de t,d, ente (ensentium),e( ente -'(, de-de -1 ? *,r -1J e( a-,(/t,. E( &,n,&i>ient, >eta01-i&, e-en -/ “,eti2, Qna(” Xant% e( &,n,&i>ient, de( a-,(/t,. Re&i@n (a >eta01-i&ade( idea(i->, a(e>n +a re&,n,&id,J &(ara ? de&idida>enteJ /e e(&,n,&i>ient, dela-,(/t, -'(, */ede -er ta( -i a( >i->, tie>*, &,n,&e de

maneraa-,(/ta. La *reten-i'n de -aer a-,(/t, de (a >eta01-i&a -e +a de&,n&eir a+,ra en -/ ne&e-idad e-en&ia(. De a((1 /e e/itati2a>ente e-ta*reten-i'n tenga /e (egiti>ar-e en -/ dere&+,J */e-t, /e e&edee-en&ia(>ente (,- (1>ite- de( &,n,&er diari, de (a- &,-a- Qnita-. E( &,n,&ertiene /e -er ea>inad, a&er&a de -i ? &'>, puede-er /n &,n,&i>ient, absoluto.E-te ea>en e- +a-ta *(ena>ente ine2ita(e a( interi,r de( *en-a>ient,>,dern,J -egn -/ *r,*ia a&tit/d &,gn,-&ente */e- *ara e( *en-a>ient,>,dern, “2erdad” -igniQ&a (a ind/da(e &erteKa /e -e (egiti>a a -1 >i->a.P,r e-, ta>*,&, (a >eta01-i&a a-,(/taJ ? e((a >en,-J */ede -/-traer-e a (aeigen&ia de “ea>en” ? (egiti>a&i'n. Sin e>arg,J (a *reg/nta de&i-i2a e-*re&i-a>ente de /@ ti*, */ede -er e-te ea>en de( &,n,&i>ient, a-,(/t, ?&'>, tiene /e -er rea(iKad,. E-J a -aerJ ea>inad, e( &,n,&i>ient, ent,n&e-

ei-te ?a ante- de t,da rea(iKa&i'n de( ea>inarJ *ara @-teJ /na ,*ini'n *re2ia-,re (a e-en&ia de( &,n,&er *,r ea>inar. < (a re*re-enta&i'n &,rriente de(&,n,&er -e dirige a /e @-te e- , /n “in-tr/>ent,”J , /n medium? &,n e((, ent,d, &a-, /n “>edi,”J /e -e en&/entra entre e( &,gn,-&ente ? (, &,n,&id, ?n, e- ni /n, ni ,tr,. Per, -i en e( &,n,&i>ient, a-,(/t, e( &,n,&er 0/era /n>er, “>edi,”J ent,n&e- *er>ane&er1a “0/era” de( a-,(/t, ? de e-te >,d, n,-er1a a-,(/t,. Per, &,>, “re(ati2,” e( &,n,&er e-t re-*e&ti2a>ente “enre(a&i'n &,n...”J en re0eren&ia a( a-,(/t,. P,r e((,J e- en &ada &a-, ne&e-ari,2i-/a(iKar en-eg/ida ? *re2ia>ente esta referenciaa( a-,(/t, ? t,>ar(a *,r a-e&,>, (a e-en&ia de( &,n,&er. Per, (a re0eren&ia de( &,n,&er a( a-,(/t, -'(,*/ede -erJ -/*/e-t, /e *en-e>,- e( a-,(/t, &,>, ta(J (a re0eren&ia dela-,(/t, a nosotros,(,- &,gn,-&ente-. Pertene&e a( arte *en-ante de (a 0/erKa*en-ante de *re-enta&i'n de Hege(J /e n,>re en (a “Intr,d/&&i'n” a e-tae-en&ia de( &,n,&er a-,(/t,J &a-i -'(, de *a-,J +a&ia e( Qna( de( *ri>er*argra0,J en *r,*,-i&i,ne- -/,rdinada-. En 0,r>a de *r,*,-i&i,ne-&,nd/&t,ra- Hege( di&e -,re e( a-,(/t, ? -,re e( &,n,&i>ient, de( >i->,e-t,!. E( a-,(/t, e-t en ? *ara -1 ?a en n,-,tr,- ? /iere e-tar en n,-,tr,- &,>*. IIJ 9=%.:

$. E( &,n,&er e- “e( ra?, >i->,J a tra2@- de( &/a( (a 2erdad n,- t,&a” i1d.%.Per, atendiend, a (a ne&e-idad de( ea>en a+,ra -e tiene /e *reg/ntar \6/@e- e( &,n,&er a-,(/t, -i n, */ede -er /n “>edi,”] en-i n, re/iere in2e-tigar /n “>edi,” en -/ a*tit/d]E- e( &,n,&erJ n/e-tr, &,n,&erJ en -/ e-en&ia e( ra?, >i->,J &,>, e( &/a( e(a-,(/t, n,- t,&aJ ent,n&e- e( &,n,&er -e >aniQe-taJ 2i-t, de-de n,-,tr,-&,>, /n irradiarJ /e

: En (a trad. Ca-te((.J ,*. &it.J *. $.

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reea>,- en tant, t,&ad,- *,r e( ra?,J *ara en e-te ree, -eg/ir a( ra?, /en,- t,&a en -/ dire&&i'n ,*/e-ta. Per, a-1 e( &,n,&er ?a n, e- /n “>edi,”J -in,“&a>in,”. Estera-g, 0/nda>enta( de( &,n,&erJ /e -e an/n&ia de-de e( ini&i, de(*en-ar ,&&identa( &,>, ωδου µεταοδο%J e- -ie>*re n,>rad, de n/e2, en (a

“Intr,d/&&i'n” a (a “Fen,>en,(,g1a de( e-*1rit/”. A( -er2i&i, de (a tarea de (a“Intr,d/&&i'n”J de *artir &,ntin/a>en

heidegger, martin - introduccion a la fenomenologia del espiritu de hegel.doc

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