Health and Sanitation

Introduction:

Throughout the world, an estimated 2.5 billion people lack basic sanitation (more than 35% of the world's population).

Objectives:

To be able to increase awareness of people towards cleanliness of one’s self.

To be able to inform and teach proper ways of good hygiene.

Importance:

In order to prevent diseases, pimples ,bad breath and

body odor, one must take good care of their personal

hygiene.

Personal hygiene requires the cleaning of all parts of the

body (face, hair, body, legs and hands).

The face and hair have to be cleaned because they

accumulate grime, emit bad odors and make oneself dull

[reflect one’s self worth].

Questions:

1. When you get up in the morning and before you come to school, what are some personal hygiene habits that you normally practice?

2. When do you usually wash your hands? Do you

think this is sufficient for disease prevention?

Why or why not?

Washing hands with soap after going to the toilet

Washing hands with soap before preparing and/or eating food. During normal daily activities, such as working and playing, disease causing germs may get onto the hands and under the nails. If the germs are not washed off before preparing food or eating, they may end up getting on the food.

Get your hands wet. Turn the tap on and evenly rinse your hands in warm water. Contrary to popular belief, hot water does not remove bacteria more effectively than warm water, and may even increase the "irritant capacity" of some soaps.

Use soap. Any type of soap will work, but if it helps you wash your hands more consistently to have soap that is a fun shape or color, or a pleasant fragrance, go for it.

Work up a lather. Scrub on both sides of your hands, in between your fingers, and your wrists. Remember to wash around and under your fingernails.

Wash your hands for about 15-20 seconds. This is just about the time it takes to sing a chorus of "Happy Birthday." Be sure and rub your hands vigorously, and don't rinse off the soap right away. Give it time to do its job and give yourself time to get soap everywhere it should be. A good tip is to use rotational rubbing, backwards and forwards with clasped fingers from your right hand in your left palm and vice versa.

Rinse your hands thoroughly. Place them under running water with your hands pointed downward but not touching the sink. This removes both the soap and the bacteria that was on your hands.

Rinse your hands thoroughly. Place them under running water with your hands pointed downward but not touching the sink. This removes both the soap and the bacteria that was on your hands.

Use a towel to turn off the faucet, particularly in a public bathroom. If the faucet turns itself off on a spring or a photocell, let it. If not, use a paper towel, your elbow, or your forearm.

Question:

1. Ask random people “Do you think your seatmate has been consistent in their practice of personal hygiene? Why or whynot?”

Demonstrate good hygiene practices

demonstrate how to do the following properly:

• wash the hands

• take a bath or wash body with cloth

• brush the teeth

• wash the face

Washing the body. If possible, everybody should have a shower or a bath every day. However, there may be times when this is not possible, for example, when people are out camping or there is a shortage of water.

If this happens, a swim or a wash all over the body with a wet sponge or cloth will do.

Cleaning the teeth at least once a day. Brushing the teeth after each meal is the best way of making sure that gum disease and tooth decay are avoided. It is very important to clean teeth after breakfast and immediately before going to bed

Mastering the Brushing Technique

Use a small amount of toothpaste. Squeeze only a pea-sized amount of toothpaste onto your toothbrush. Applying too much toothpaste can cause you to spit and finish too early.

Set your toothbrush bristles at the gum line at a 45-degree angle. Gently brush with a short, vertical or circular motion. Don't brush across your teeth. Spend at least three minutes brushing.

Brush the inner surfaces of your teeth. Tip the toothbrush so that the head of the toothbrush is pointing towards your gum line, and brush each tooth. Check that your mouth is opening wide enough by holding teeth apart with 2 or 3 tips of fingers from your other hand. This will allow correct vertical angle to reach edge of gum.

Gently brush your tongue. After you've cleaned your teeth, use the bristles of your toothbrush to gently clean your tongue. (Don't press too hard, or you'll damage the tissue.) This helps keep bad breath away and gets rid of bacteria on your tongue

Finishing Up

Rinse out your mouth. If you choose to rinse after brushing, take a sip of water Swish the water around your mouth first, and spit it out.

Rinse your toothbrush. Hold your toothbrush under running water for a few seconds to remove any bacteria from the brush. If you don't rinse the toothbrush properly, you can actually introduce old bacteria into your mouth the next time you use it. Rinsing also removes any leftover toothpaste. Place your toothbrush somewhere where it will easily dry out, otherwise bacteria can grow.

Remember to brush at least twice a day.

Break time

◦ 30 minutes – 1 hour

Proper Washing of the face

Washing the Face

Washing your face is one of the easiest yet most important things you can do for your skin. If you don’t know how to wash your face properly, just follow these instructions!

Pull your hair back if your hair is long. If you’re washing your face at the sink, hold your hair back with an elastic or a headband. If you’re in the tub or shower, either rinse your hair back or put it in a cap. Remember to get bangs/fringes out of the way if you have any.

Splash warm water all over your face. Warm water opens your pores and helps you clean deeper removing dirt which is the cause of pimples, so avoid using cold water if possible. (You might even want to let your face steam in the bath or shower for a few minutes.) Don't dry your face yet!

Apply a cleanser or soap using gentle, circular motions. Spread all over the face gently, especially if you have acne; scrubbing hard will make it worse or even leave scars. Remember that you don't need a lot of product for a thorough clean.

Facial scrubs contain tiny beads or particles that help rub away dead skin cells (exfoliate). This will make your face smoother and fresher looking while helping to unclog your pores.

Thoroughly rinse away the soap. Splash your face repeatedly with water, rubbing gently with your hands after each splash. If it all does not come off, wet a cloth and rub your face gently to get the more obvious stuff off, then rinse again.

Rinse more than you think you need to. Soap residue will clog your pores, dry out your skin, and possibly even affect your skin’s natural pH.Leaving soap film on your face will make it dirtier than when you started.

Pay extra attention to your hairline, jaw line, and anything that drips down your neck. It’s easy to neglect these spots while rinsing.

With a soft, clean towel, gently pat your face dry. Try not to rub or pull at your skin, which encourages wrinkles.

Apply an alcohol free toner with a cotton ball or pad.

Apply moisturizer (optional). Doing this won’t make your face any cleaner, but it can enhance the wash by giving your face a healthy, glowing look.

If you have acne, choose a non-oily moisturizer. If necessary, make sure it won’t conflict with any anti-acne products you’re already using.

If you’ll be going outside, use a moisturizer that contains sunscreen, preferably with SPF 15 or 30.

.

Finished.

Washing hands:Water, bowl, soap, and towel

Tooth brushing

Tooth brush, tooth paste, water, cup

Washing face

Water, bowl, facial scrub, towel, toner, cotton/cloth, moisturizer.

2 hours and 30 minutes to 3 hours.

30 minutes for Introduction

(includes introducing our group mates, talking with our audience and explaining health and sanitation, our objectives and its importance)

30 minutes for Activity 1

30 minutes for Activity 2

30 minutes to 1 hour for break

30 minutes for Activity 3