Hard X-ray surveys with the INTEGRAL observatory

Alexander Lutovinov IKI, Moscow, Russia

R.Krivonos, S. Tsygankov, , I. Mereminskiy, S. Sazonov, M. Revnivtsev, E. Churazov, R. Sunyaev

Observatories Across the Electromagnetic Spectrum

Spectrometer SPI

(15keV-8MeV) (E/dE~500)

INTEGRAL observatory Launched 17 Oct 2002 (PROTON)

orbit - 72 h

perigee ~ 9000 km

apogee ~ 153000 km

Gamma-telescope IBIS

(20keV-10MeV ,~12´, 30⁰ FOV)

Coded mask optics for high energy instruments

IBIS tungsten mask

Coded mask principle ISGRI shadowgrammes

for single pointings

Crab

3C273

INTEGRAL hard X-ray surveys

Bassani et al. 2006; Bazzano et al., 2006; Beckmann et al. 2006; Bird et al, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2016; Krivonos et al., 2005, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2015; Tsygankov et al., 2015; Mereminskiy et al., 2016; Molkov et al., 2004; Lebrun et al., 2004; Revnivtsev et al., 2004,2006;

INTEGRAL Galactic plane surveys

• Systematic study of the source populations

• Search for new phenomena (types of sources)

• Snapshot of the Galaxy can be done only by wide-field telescopes

• The Milky Way is a unique galaxy where we can detect X-ray objects with the lowest possible luminosities.

The observed luminosity:

Chandra: ~10^37 erg/s (galaxies)

INTEGRAL: ~10^34 erg/s (Milky Way)

INTEGRAL/IBIS

All-sky survey (Krivonos et. al., 2010, current state)

~830 detections (42% IGRs):

~50% Galactic (45% IGRs)

~40% ExtraGal.

~10% Unident.

SWIFT/BAT 70 m

all-sky survey (Baumgartnet et al., 2013)

~1200 detections:

~21% Galactic

~60% ExtraGal.

~ 19% Unident.

INTEGRAL/IBIS

exposure map

SWIFT/BAT

sensitivity map:

9 years Galactic plane survey with INTEGRAL

Krivonos et al. (2012)

2002 – 2012, total exposure 132 Msec, peak sensitivity in 17-60 keV 2.9x10-12 erg/s/cm2 (0.2 mCrab)

Total – 402 sources on the average map, galactic – 252 (108 LMXBs, 76 HMXBs, 36 CVs), Extragalactic – 115 (112 AGNs, 3 GCs)

Identification completeness – 92%

INTEGRAL 9-year Galactic plane survey |b|<17.5, 17-60 keV

• 402 sources > 4.7 sigma (526 sources in 2017 Preliminary!!!!!) • Galactic sources: 253 (completeness 92%), Extragalactic sources: 115, Not ID: 34

• The survey is based on the 9-year maps, i.e. it is optimized for persistent sources

• Hard X-ray selected persistent sources give guaranteed detection with NuSTAR (2 orders of magnitude difference in sensitivity)

Kri

von

os+

20

12

Galactic plane

HMXBs in the Galaxy

Crux Carina

Sgr+

Sc

Cyg

Population of HMXBs in the Milky Way (SFR)

N≈5x10-2 SFR/SFRΘ

INTEGRAL sensitivity:

1035 erg/s 2x1035 erg/s

Lutovinov et al. (2013)

Population of HMXBs in the Milky Way (LF, number)

Used in Chandra Norma Arm Deep Survey (Fornasini+ 2014)

> 2x1035 erg/s completeness 13 kpc > 2x1034 erg/s completeness 4.1 kpc

Lutovinov et al. (2013)

Chandra deep field in Norma Spiral Arm

1415 sources

Fornasini et al., (2014)

Krivonos et al. 2012

LMXBs in galaxies

LF normalization

traces the stellar

mass

Gilfanov 2004

Revnivtsev et al. 2008

Galactic survey of 44Ti sources

Tsygankov et al., (2016)

Grebenev et al.

(2012)

Boggs et al., (2015)

SN 1987A

Galactic survey of 44Ti sources

Tsygankov et al., (2016)

Galactic survey of 44Ti sources

We improved COMPTEL sensitivity limit by a factor of ~5

Galactic survey of 44Ti sources Tsygankov et al., (2016)

The catalog of SNRs by Green et al., (2014)

Discovery of the gamma-emission of 56Co decay

from the type Ia supernova

Extragalactic deep fields

Coma

LMC

M 81

Mereminskiy et al., (2016)

4σ peak sens. 0.18 mCrab

(2.6e-12 erg/s/cm2)

10% 0.25 mCrab

90% 0.87 mCrab

147 detected sources

37 – new ones in hard X-rays

NuSTAR-INTEGRAL AGN

LogN-LogS connection

S , erg s cm

N(

S),

de

g

This work

Harrison et al., 2015

Ajello et al., 2012

Krivonos et al., 2010

INTEGRAL/Swift/NuSTAR Synergy

NuSTAR 7 deg2 serendipitous survey (Lansbury et al., in prep.)

NuSTAR legacy survey of the unidentified sources from the INTEGRAL Galactic plane survey (Krivonos et al., 2012)

Swift

INTEGRAL

NuSTAR

Targets Visibility constrains

INTEGRAL high-energy information

Natalucci et al., (2013)

1E1740.7-2942

Ursini et al., (2015)

NGC 5548

17-60 keV

AGN: 116, LMXB: 108, HMXB: 82, CV: 35 (|b|<17 deg)

Move to the higher energies….

100-150 keV

AGN: 28, LMXB: 38, HMXB: 10, CV: 0 (|b|<17 deg)

Sky in 100-150 keV

0.01 0.1 1.0

10-year sky 100-150 keV

28 38

10 12

AGN LMXB HMXB PSR

S/N>5σ

1. S/N > 5σ: 88 sources in total 2. 4σ < S/N100-150 keV < 5σ && S/N17-60 keV > 12σ: 15 sources

100% completeness

Transients

We searched for transients on revolution by revolution basis, with different time windows.

4σ < S/N100-150 keV < 5σ && S/N17-60 keV > 12σ 29 transients absent on average sky were added to the catalog

Hardness distribution

BHC in

HMXBs:

Cyg X-1,

Cyg X-3,

SS433

150-300 keV sources (25, S/N>5σ)

100-150 keV

• Factor of ~2 increase of objects with respect to Bazzano et al., 2006

• 100 -150 keV sky is dominated by galactic sources (60 out of 88) including 38 LMXBs, 10 HMXBs and 12 PSRs

• 29 hard X-ray transient events have been found

• 100-150 keV survey is totally dominated by BHCs

Bazzano+ 2006 Krivonos+ 2015

100-150 keV 49 101

150-300 keV 14 25

What is about the future?

31 March Deadline for the submission of proposals for INTEGRAL AO-15

СРГ

35

eROSITA

ART-XC

SRG

Spectrum Roentgen Gamma

March 2018 PROTON

L2 point

36

More than 100 000 clusters of

galaxies Study of large scale

structure

More than 3 million AGNs

studies of joint evolution of

black holes and galaxies over

cosmic time

Few millions of X-ray active

stars studies of effects of

stellar dynamo and formation of

coronae

More than 100 000 cataclysmic

variables

Scientific goal: new sensitive all sky survey

(~10-14 erg/sec/sq.sm)

Not just a catalog, but statistical sample… – completeness is as important as number of sources

The only way to take snapshot of the Milky Way…

Providing new information (targets) for other missions…

Population studies for Galactic and extragalactic X-ray emitters…