Handheld Handheld TechnologyTechnologyBy David P. SalleyBy David P. Salley

INF 597 Capstone SeminarINF 597 Capstone Seminar

The PastThe Past

A Brief History of Hand-held TechnologyA Brief History of Hand-held Technology

1940’s Dick Tracy comic strip has characters that use a ‘two way 1940’s Dick Tracy comic strip has characters that use a ‘two way wrist radio’. The wrist piece displays an image of the character wrist radio’. The wrist piece displays an image of the character being spoken to.being spoken to.

1954 The movie 1954 The movie Sabrina,Sabrina, starring Humphrey Bogart as a millionaire, starring Humphrey Bogart as a millionaire, opens. Bogart’s character has a car phone in his limo.opens. Bogart’s character has a car phone in his limo.

1965 Teri Pall patents the first cordless phone. 1965 Teri Pall patents the first cordless phone. 1966 The TV series 1966 The TV series Star TrekStar Trek, begins. Characters have pocket , begins. Characters have pocket

communicators for communication between landing parties and the communicators for communication between landing parties and the mother ship. mother ship. “Beam Me Up, Scotty!”“Beam Me Up, Scotty!”

1973, April 3rd Martin Cooper working for Motorola, placed 1st 1973, April 3rd Martin Cooper working for Motorola, placed 1st cellphone call from Motorola Manhattan to Bell Labs in New Jersey.cellphone call from Motorola Manhattan to Bell Labs in New Jersey.

1979 Walkmans are available to the public.1979 Walkmans are available to the public. 1980 Cordless phones available to the public. They have a range of 1980 Cordless phones available to the public. They have a range of

100 feet from the base.100 feet from the base.

A Brief History of Hand-held Technology (cont’d)A Brief History of Hand-held Technology (cont’d)

1983 First cellular subscribers in US. Cellphones were $4,000 apiece, roughly the size of a brick and weighed over two pounds.

1987 1 million cellular subscribers in the US

A Brief History of Hand-held Technology (cont’d)A Brief History of Hand-held Technology (cont’d) 1992, January 71992, January 7thth Apple Computer Inc. introduced the world to the Apple Computer Inc. introduced the world to the

first PDA, the Newton®. They were dubbed first PDA, the Newton®. They were dubbed PDAPDAs (personal digital s (personal digital assistants) by John Sculley, former chairman of Apple Computer assistants) by John Sculley, former chairman of Apple Computer Inc, and were sold as the ultimate information appliance. Sculley Inc, and were sold as the ultimate information appliance. Sculley predicted PDAs would become ubiquitous tools that would hold predicted PDAs would become ubiquitous tools that would hold telephone numbers, keep your calendar, store notes, plus send telephone numbers, keep your calendar, store notes, plus send and receive data wirelessly. However, the Newton was not able to and receive data wirelessly. However, the Newton was not able to deliver all of those features at the time it was released. deliver all of those features at the time it was released.

1995 25 million cellular subscribers in the US1995 25 million cellular subscribers in the US 1996 Palm Pilot introduced, fulfilling Sculley’s predictions1996 Palm Pilot introduced, fulfilling Sculley’s predictions 2001, September 11th Passengers Todd Beamer and Jeremy 2001, September 11th Passengers Todd Beamer and Jeremy

Click, onboard United Airlines Flight 93 near Pittsburgh, bring it Click, onboard United Airlines Flight 93 near Pittsburgh, bring it down in an empty field after hearing about the Twin Towers down in an empty field after hearing about the Twin Towers crashes in cellphone conversations with their families.crashes in cellphone conversations with their families.

2002 The movie 2002 The movie Minority ReportMinority Report opens. Set 50 years in future, it opens. Set 50 years in future, it offers possible glimpses into the future of communications offers possible glimpses into the future of communications technology.technology.

2003 US missile attack against Saddam targeted by cellphone2003 US missile attack against Saddam targeted by cellphone

The PresentThe Present

“ “Unintended Consequences Unintended Consequences and Remedial Media” and Remedial Media”

(Levinson (Levinson CellphonesCellphones))

In brief, technology solves a problem, but there In brief, technology solves a problem, but there are consequences of the technology which are are consequences of the technology which are themselves, problems. If the disadvantages of themselves, problems. If the disadvantages of the new problems outweigh the benefits of the the new problems outweigh the benefits of the solution, the technology is abandoned and solution, the technology is abandoned and another approach is attempted. If not, the new another approach is attempted. If not, the new technology is kept, and additional technology is technology is kept, and additional technology is used to solve the problems of the original used to solve the problems of the original solution. solution.

CellphonesCellphones

Differ from cordless Differ from cordless phones which must phones which must stay near their base.stay near their base.

Multi-featuredMulti-featured Culture changed Culture changed

from drug-users to from drug-users to school-children to school-children to adults without adults without “landlines”“landlines”

PDA’sPDA’s

ClockClock Date bookDate book Address bookAddress book Task listTask list Memo padMemo pad CalculatorCalculator

ADA compliance!ADA compliance!

Media playerMedia player Audio recorderAudio recorder Camera (still & video)Camera (still & video) Remote controlRemote control Wifi clientsWifi clients Video game emulatorVideo game emulator Photo browserPhoto browser GPS receiverGPS receiver Cell PhoneCell Phone Data Storage DeviceData Storage Device

GPS:GPS:Global Positioning Global Positioning SystemSystem

24 satellites, $400M / year24 satellites, $400M / year First military only, then civilians after KAL 007First military only, then civilians after KAL 007 First planes, then boats, then cars, then First planes, then boats, then cars, then

handheld models, then cellphones.handheld models, then cellphones. In cellphones, 911 calls can be locatedIn cellphones, 911 calls can be located On-Star (automobiles) On-Star (automobiles) Experiment Synchronization Experiment Synchronization Geo-cachingGeo-caching

The FutureThe Future

Geo-VectorGeo-Vector““Standing near a San Francisco shopping center, Standing near a San Francisco shopping center,

Peter pointed the iPaq toward the Bay Bridge Peter pointed the iPaq toward the Bay Bridge and it told him the name of the structure. The and it told him the name of the structure. The iPaq also pulled in information from a 10-iPaq also pulled in information from a 10-degree arc around his indicated direction, degree arc around his indicated direction, listing for example, the restaurant hidden listing for example, the restaurant hidden behind a construction site to his right. Turning behind a construction site to his right. Turning to his left, several more listings appeared. One to his left, several more listings appeared. One was for the Golden Gateway Tennis and Swim was for the Golden Gateway Tennis and Swim Club, under which was a phone number that he Club, under which was a phone number that he could click on and call.” (Marshall, 2004)could click on and call.” (Marshall, 2004)

Geo-Vector (cont’d)Geo-Vector (cont’d) “Equip your buddies with a phone and you can play a

real-life version of the computer game DOOM, chasing each other down alleys, targeting your nemesis in your phone screen and shooting fake bullets. GeoVector will tell if your line of fire results in a hit.

Or there’s the treasure hunt. You leave a message on a marked spot – say, under a tree – and when the other player arrives at the spot, GeoVector sends a message with more directions.” (Marshall, 2004)

Dr. Steven Mann, University of TorontoDr. Steven Mann, University of Toronto

Future Tech:Future Tech:My predictionsMy predictions

GeoVector / Minority ReportGeoVector / Minority Report Car TheftCar Theft Blind / Disabled assistanceBlind / Disabled assistance Traffic re-routing (Smart Cars)Traffic re-routing (Smart Cars)

Bibliography -- BooksBibliography -- Books

Levinson, Paul. Levinson, Paul. Cellphone: The Story of Cellphone: The Story of the World’s Most Mobile Medium and the World’s Most Mobile Medium and How It Has Transformed Everything!How It Has Transformed Everything!, , New York, MacMillan, c2004New York, MacMillan, c2004

Mann, Steve; Niedzviecki, Hal. Mann, Steve; Niedzviecki, Hal. Cyborg : Cyborg : Digital Destiny and Human Possibility in Digital Destiny and Human Possibility in the Age of the Wearable Computer,the Age of the Wearable Computer, Toronto: Doubleday Canada, c2001. Toronto: Doubleday Canada, c2001.

Salley, David Salley, David Cellphones and Public Cellphones and Public Policy, Policy, Privately published, c2004Privately published, c2004

Bibliography -- MagazinesBibliography -- Magazines

Koeppel, Dan. Koeppel, Dan. You are (absolutely, precisely) here. You are (absolutely, precisely) here. Popular Mechanics Sept 2005 v182 i9:Popular Mechanics Sept 2005 v182 i9:

Lyytinen, Kalle and Yoo, Youngjin. Lyytinen, Kalle and Yoo, Youngjin. Issues and Issues and Challenges in Ubiquitous Computing, Challenges in Ubiquitous Computing, Communications Communications of the ACM (Dec. 2002, Vol.45, No.12)of the ACM (Dec. 2002, Vol.45, No.12)

Marshall, Matt. Marshall, Matt. Need Directions? Just point your Need Directions? Just point your phone!, phone!, The Buffalo News (Nov. 15, 2004) The Buffalo News (Nov. 15, 2004) [GeoVenture][GeoVenture]

Mathieson, Rick. Mathieson, Rick. The Future According to Spielberg: The Future According to Spielberg: Minority Report and the World of Ubiquitous Minority Report and the World of Ubiquitous ComputingComputing, Impulse Magazine, (Aug. 2002) , Impulse Magazine, (Aug. 2002) http://cooltown.hp.com/cooltown/mpulse/0802-minorityrhttp://cooltown.hp.com/cooltown/mpulse/0802-minorityreport.aspeport.asp

Bibliography -- WebsitesBibliography -- Websites

GeoVenture Information Services, GeoVenture Information Services, http://www.geoventure.comhttp://www.geoventure.com

The History of the Cordless Phone The History of the Cordless Phone http://http://www.uniden.com/press/Cordless_Phone_Timeline.pdfwww.uniden.com/press/Cordless_Phone_Timeline.pdf

Webb & Associates: Telecommunications History. Webb & Associates: Telecommunications History. http://www.webbconsult.com/history.htmlhttp://www.webbconsult.com/history.html

Wikipedia Wikipedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phone

Questions???Questions???

Thank you!Thank you!