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hand book on civil aviation statistics
a glimpse of aviation statistics…..
2016-17
DGCA OVERVIEW
The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is a regulatory body in the field of Civil Aviation primarily dealing with Air Safety issues. It is responsible for regulation of air transport services to/from/within India and for enforcement of civil air regulations, air safety and air worthiness standards. It also interfaces with all the regulatory functions of International Civil Aviation Organization.
DGCA’s Vision Statement:
“Endeavour to promote safe and efficient Air Transportation through regulation and proactive safety oversight system.”
DGCA has several directorates and divisions under its purview to carry out its functions and services. Apart from this, there are 5 regional offices and 10 sub-regional offices as shown below.
1
Sl. No. CONTENTS PAGE No.
1. PASSENGER TRAFFIC STATISTICS 1-5
2. FREIGHT TRAFFIC STATISTICS 6-7
3. AIRCRAFT STATISTICS 8-10
4. NSOP STATISTICS 11-12
5. OPERATING ECONOMICS STATISTICS 13-15
6. HUMAN RESOURCE STATISTICS 16-19
7. AIR SAFETY STATISTICS 20
8. OTHER AVIATION RELATED STATISTICS 21-23
2
PASSENGER TRAFFIC
Air Passenger Traffic in India, both domestic and international witnessed a positive growth in the year 2016-17 compared to the previous year.
TABLE 1: PASSENGER TRAFFIC AT A GLANCE
PASSENGER TRAFFIC UNIT 2016-17 2015-16
Domestic Passengers Departing Passengers
103.75 million(21.77)
85.20 million(21.58)
Domestic Airline Demand
Revenue Passenger Kilometers (RPK)
98.64 billion(21.82)
80.97 billion(20.81)
Domestic Airline CapacityAvailable Seat Kilometers (ASK)
116.94 billion(19.66)
97.73 billion(15.23)
International PassengersDeparting and Arriving Passengers
54.68 million(9.84)
49.78 million(8.85)
Total Passengers (Domestic & International) 158.43 million(17.37)
134.98 million(16.54)
Figures in parenthesis refer to percentage change over previous year.ASK is calculated as the sum of products obtained by multiplying the total number of seats that are available in each flight by the flight stage distance.
RPK is calculated as the sum of the product obtained by multiplying the number of revenue passengers carried on each flight stage by the stage distance.
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-170
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
44.4 39.5 45.353.8
60.8 57.6 60.670.08
85.197675
103.748598
27.2 28.9 32.1 35.1 38.1 40.3 43.1 45.7 49.8 54.7
71.6 68.477.4
88.998.9 97.9 103.7
115.8
135.0
158.4
CHART 1. PASSENGER TRAFFIC CARRIED BY SCHEDULED CARRIERS OVER THE PAST DECADE
----
-Pas
sen
gers
(In
Mill
ion
)---
--
The domestic passenger traffic registered a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.89% during the period 2007-08 to 2016-17 while the international passenger traffic grew at 8.07% (CAGR) during the same period.
During the years from 2007-08 to 2016-17, the capacity (ASK) in the domestic market grew at a rate of 7.58% (CAGR) while the demand (RPK) grew at 10.03% (CAGR) during the same period.
1
TABLE 2: YEAR ON YEAR COMPARISON OF NUMBER OF PASSENGERS & PASSENGER LOAD FACTOR (PLF)NAME OF THE
AIRLINEPASSENGERS(In Number)
(2015-16)
PASSENGERS(In Number)
(2016-17)
YoY GROWTH IN
PASSENGERS (%)
PLF (%)(2015-16)
PLF (%)(2016-17)
YoY GROWTH IN PLF (%)
AIR INDIA 12742163 13734192 7.8 79.2 79.2 0.0AIR INDIA EXPRESS 149217 110881 -25.7 80.1 59.2 -26.1
ALLIANCE AIR 400340 625411 56.2 66.5 68.8 3.4SPICEJET 10670866 13236143 24.0 92.0 92.9 1.0JET ARWAYS 15961308 16276098 2.0 80.6 81.8 1.5INDIGO 31453451 41600088 32.3 84.1 85.2 1.3GO AIR 7160189 8645969 20.8 83.7 88.0 5.1JETLITE 2439721 2751042 12.8 79.3 79.2 -0.1AIR ASIA 1705808 2668553 56.4 80.2 85.6 6.7AIR COSTA 711836 600581 -15.6 80.7 78.3 -3.1VISTARA 1422611 2926586 105.7 69.4 78.0 12.4TRUJET 204588 424809 107.6 80.1 77.8 -AIR PEGASUS 175577 69927 -60.2 78.5 80.0 -AIR CARNIVAL - 74725 - 63.3 -ZOOM AIR - 3593 - 66.7 -TOTAL 85197675 103748598 21.7 82.9 84.3 1.7Note: AIR CARNIVAL STARTED ITS OPERATIONS IN AUGUST 2016 AND ZOOM AIR IN FEBRUARY 2017.
The high growth of 21.77 % in the total domestic passengers during 2016-17 is mainly due to the high growth in passengers carried by IndiGo, SpiceJet, Vistara and Go Air.
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-170
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
41
71
8
37
70
4
43
95
9
52
70
7
59
08
4
56
55
3
59
13
9
67
02
3
80
96
6
98
64
1
60
59
0
59
16
0
61
09
1
68
21
6
78
63
9
75
84
3
80
71
6
84
80
5
97
72
8 11
69
4568.9
63.7
72.077.3 75.1 74.6 73.3
79.082.8 84.3
CHART 2: CAPACITY V/S DEMAND IN DOMESTIC MARKET OVER THE PAST DECADE
RPK (DEMAND) ASK (CAPACITY) PAX LOAD FACTOR
----
-RP
K &
ASK
(In
Mill
ion
)---
--
----
-Pax
Lo
ad F
acto
r (%
)---
--
In the year 2016-17, both ASK and RPK in the domestic market registered a positive growth compared to the previous year. The Passenger Load Factor in the domestic market, which fell to 73.3% in 2013-14, is steadily increasing thereafter.
2
APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
21.4 20.9 20.5
26.223.7 23.8
22.5 22.223.8
26.3
16.8
14.7
20.5 21.6 22.5
20.318.8 19.0
21.6 20.4 21.4 20.6
13.7
16.1
CHART 3: MONTH-WISE YEAR ON YEAR GROWTH IN CAPACITY V/S DEMAND IN DOMESTIC MARKET, 2016-17
YoY Growth in RPK YoY Growth in ASK YoY Growth in PLF
---Y
oY
Gro
wth
in R
PK &
ASK
(%)-
--
----
YoY
Gro
wth
in P
ax L
oad
Fac
tor
(%)-
---
In the year 2016-17, domestic market experienced expansion in capacity as well as demand which is evident from the Chart 3 as both RPK & ASK witnessed positive growth in all the months as compared to the corresponding months in the previous year. Also, in most of the months YoY growth in RPK exceeded the YoY growth in ASK implying an improvement in the passenger load factor and hence efficiency except for the months of May, June and March.
42.51
14.54
13.26
11.85
8.18
2.432.84
3.220.520.33 0.19 0.06 0.030.030.00
CHART 4: MARKET SHARE(%) IN TERMS OF DOMESTIC MARKET DEMAND (RPK)-2016-17
INDIGO JET AIRWAYS AIR INDIA SPICEJET GO AIR JETLITE AIR ASIA VISTARA
AIR COSTA ALLIANCE AIR TRUEJET AIR INDIA EXPRESS AIR CARNIVAL AIR PEGASUS ZOOM AIR
40.1
15.7
13.2
12.8
8.3
2.72.6 2.8 0.6 0.6 0.40.10.1 0.1
0.0
CHART 5: DOMESTIC MARKET SHARE(%) IN TERMS OF PASSENGERS CARRIED-2016-17
INDIGO JET AIRWAYS AIR INDIA SPICEJET GO AIR JETLITE AIR ASIA VISTARA
AIR COSTA ALLIANCE AIR TRUEJET AIR INDIA EXPRESS AIR CARNIVAL AIR PEGASUS ZOOM AIR
In the year 2016-17 both in terms of RPK and passengers carried, IndiGo had the maximum market share followed by Jet Airways, Air India and SpiceJet.
3
SPICEJET
GO AIR
AIR A
SIA
INDIG
O
JET AIR
WAYS
AIR PEGASUS
AIR IN
DIA
JETLITE
AIR COSTA
VISTARA
TRUE JET
ALLIA
NCE AIR
ZOOM A
IR
AIR CARNIV
AL
AIR IN
DIA EXPRESS0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0 92.988.0 85.6 85.2 81.8 80.0 79.2 79.2 78.3 78.0 77.8
68.8 66.7 63.359.2
87.2 81 81.2 75.2 76.1
CHART 6: PASSENGER LOAD FACTOR (PLF) OF SCHEDULED INDIAN CARRIERS, 2016-17
DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL
-----P
ax L
oad
fcat
or (%
)-----
In terms of Passenger Load Factor (PLF), a measure of capacity utilisation of airlines, for scheduled domestic operations, SpiceJet registered the highest PLF of 92.9 % followed by Go Air (88.0%), Air Asia (85.6%). SpiceJet also topped the position in terms of scheduled international operations with a PLF of 87.2% followed by Jet Airways (81.2%) and IndiGo (81.0%).
INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER MARKET SHARE
TABLE 3: MARKET SHARE (%) OF INTERNATIONAL PASSENGERS CARRIED BY SCHEDULED INDIAN CARRIERS AND FOREIGN CARRIERS.
YEAR FOREIGN CARRIERS INDIAN CARRIERS
2004-05 71.1 28.9
2009-10 65.5 34.5
2010-11 63.8 36.2
2011-12 64.1 35.9
2012-13 66.2 33.8
2013-14 61.7 38.3
2014-15 63.0 37.0
2015-16 63.4 36.6
2016-17 62.3 37.7
4
TABLE 4: MARKET SHARE (%) OF TOP 15 SCHEDULED OPERATORS – INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS, 2016-17.
NAME OF THE AIRLINE SHARE (%)JET AIRWAYS 14.5
AIR INDIA 10.6
EMIRATES AIRLINE 9.9
AIR INDIA EXPRESS 6.0
ETIHAD AIRLINES 5.0
QATAR AIRWAYS 3.9
INDIGO 3.5
AIR ARABIA 3.2
OMAN AIR 3.2
SPICEJET 3.1
SAUDIA 2.8
SRILNKAN AIRWAYS 2.5
THAI AIRWAYS 2.4
LUFTHANSA 2.2
SINGAPORE AIRLINES 2.0
Out of total 92 scheduled international operators, top 6 operators accounted for nearly 50% of total international Passenger traffic and top 15 operators accounted for three fourth of the total international Passenger traffic in the year 2016-17 . Jet Airways had the maximum market share (14.5%) followed by Air India (10.6%), Emirates Airline (9.9%), Air India Express (6.0%), Etihad Airways (5.0%) and Qatar Airways (3.9%).
56.3
25.1
12.2 4.1 2.3
CHART 7: DIS TRI BUTI ON OF I NDIA'S I NBOUND I NTERNATI ONAL PASS ENEGER TRAFFI C, 2016-17
AFRICA & MIDDLE EAST ASIA PACIFIC EUROPE CHINA & NORTH ASIA THE AMERICAS
56.2
25.0
12.4 4.1 2.4
CHAR T 8: D IS TR IBUTION OF IND IA'S OUTBOUND I NTERNATIONAL PAS S ENGER TR AFFI C, 2016-17
AFRICA & MIDDLE EAST ASIA PACIFIC EUROPE CHINA & NORTH ASIA THE AMERICAS
More than half of the passenger traffic to and from India is accounted for by the countries in the Africa & Middle East.
5
FREIGHT TRAFFIC
Air cargo carried by scheduled airline operators, both domestic and international witnessed a positive growth in 2016-17.TABLE 5: FREIGHT TRAFFIC AT A GLANCE
FREIGHT TRAFFIC 2016-17 2015-16
DOMESTIC6.38 Lakh MT
(2.24)6.24 Lakh MT
(5.41)
INTERNATIONAL15.13 Lakh MT
(7.76)14.04 Lakh MT
(2.63)
Figures in parenthesis refer to percentage change over previous year; MT: Metric Tonne.
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
368 342 394 465 453 452 508 591 624 637.7975
1025 10721139
1292 1219 1238 12621368 1404
1513
CHART 9: FREIGHT TRAFFIC CARRIED BY SCHEDULED CARRIERS OVER THE PAST DECADE
DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL
--Fre
igh
t (
Th
ou
san
d M
etric
To
nn
e)-
-
The domestic cargo traffic registered a growth of 6.3% (CAGR) over the period from 2007-08 to 2016-17 while International cargo traffic grew at 4.4% (CAGR) during the same period.
2005-06 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-170.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
86.0 83.3 82.1 79.7 78.8 76.9 80.0 79.9 79.8
14.0 16.7 17.9 20.3 21.2 23.1 20.0 20.1 20.2
CHART 10: PROPORTION OF DOMESTIC CARGO CARRIED AS BELLY CARGO AND IN DEDICATED FREIGHTERS
BELLY CARGO DEDICATED CARGO
Dedicated cargo refers to the cargo carried by aircrafts solely meant for freight carriage.
The proportion of the total domestic cargo carried as belly cargo to the total domestic cargo has generally been declining over the years since 2005-06 with the exception of 2014-15.
TABLE 6: PROPORTION OF INTERNATIONAL CARGO CARRIED BY INDIAN AND FOREIGN CARRIERS
6
YEAR INDIAN CARRIERS (%) FOREIGN CARRIERS (%)
2004-05 13.6 86.4
2009-10 16.1 83.9
2010-11 20.3 79.7
2011-12 21.1 78.9
2012-13 17.7 82.3
2013-14 18.3 81.7
2014-15 17.8 82.2
2015-16 16.9 83.1
2016-17 18.8 81.2
28.1
26.6
23.9
20.3 1.1
CH ART 11: DIS TRIB UI ON OF INDI A'S INBOUND I NTE RNATI ONAL FRE IGH T TRAFFI C, 2016-17
AFRICA & MIDDLE EAST EUROPE ASIA PACIFIC CHINA & NORTH ASIA THE AMERICAS
53.2
22.4
16.3 6.91.2
CHART 12: DI S TRI BUTION OF I NDIA'S OUTB OUND I NTERNATIONAL FREI GHT TRAFFIC, 2016-17
AFRICA & MIDDLE EAST EUROPE ASIA PACIFIC CHINA & NORTH ASIA THE AMERICAS
Freight traffic is coming to India in almost equal proportion from around the World except the freight traffic from the Americas while from India, more than half of the freight traffic is carried to the countries in the Africa & Middle East.
AIRCRAFT
7
TABLE 7: AIRCRAFT STATISTICS AT A GLANCE
SCHEDULED AIRCRAFT MOVEMENTS(IN LAKHS) 2016-17 2015-16
DOMESTIC 8.10 (15.71) 7.00 (13.45)
INTERNATIONAL 3.45 (7.81) 3.20 (9.97)
Figures in parenthesis refer to percentage change over previous year.
As in the case of passenger and freight traffic, aircraft movements (both domestic and international) also have registered a positive growth in the year 2016-17 over 2015-16.
AIR INDIA EXPRESS
INDIGO
SPICEJET
JET AIRWAYS
AIR INDIA
AIR ASIA
GO AIR
JETLITE
VISTARA
AIR COSTA
AIR CARNICVAL
TRUEJET
AIR PEGASUS
ALLIANCE AIR
ZOOM AIR0
50
100
150
200
250
186 180161 154 145
181 176157 155
112
81 71 6750 49
186 180 183219
163
Chart 13: AVERAGE SEAT CAPACITY* OF SCHEDULED OPERATING INDIAN FLEET (2016-17)
DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL
----A
vera
ge S
eat C
apac
ity (I
n No
.)----
*Average Seat Capacity= Total ASK / Total Aircraft Km. Flown.
TABLE 8: FLEET STATISTICS OF SCHEDULED INDIAN OPERATORS AS ON 31st MARCH, 2016.
NAME OF THE OPERATOR TYPE OF AIRCRAFT NUMBER OF AIRCRAFTS SEAT CAPACITY
8
AIR INDIA
Boeing747-400 5 423777-200LR 3 238777-300ER 12 342B-787 21 256A-319 22 122/144A-320 24 150/168/180A-321 20 182Total (All Types) 107
AIR INDIA EXPRESS Boeing 737-800 18 186
ALLIANCE AIR
ATR 42-320 3 48CRJ-700 3 71ATR-72-212A(600) 5 70Total (All Types) 11
INDIGO A320-200 107 180
SPICEJET
Boeing 737-800 21 186Boeing 737-900ER 4 206DH8 13 78A319BH 1 150A320BH 2 180737-700 2 149Total (All Types) 43
GO AIR A320 19 180
JETLITEBoeing 737-700 3 134Boeing 737-800 5 168Total (All Types) 8
BLUE DART Boeing 757-200 5 Freighter
JET AIRWAYS
B-737-700 3 134B-737-800 59 168B-737-900 6 184ATR72-500/600 18 68A330-200/300 12 293B-777-300ER 10 346Total (All Types) 108
AIR COSTA
Embraer and ERJ 190 -100 STD (VT-LBR) 1 112
Embraer and ERJ 190 -100 STD (VT-LVR) 1 112
Embraer and ERJ 190 -100 LR (VT-LVR) 1 110Total (All Types) 3
VISTARA Airbus A320-232, SHARKLETS 9 148/158AIR ASIA Airbus A320 6 180AIR PEGASUS ATR-72-212A 2 66
TRUJETATR-72-212A/VT-TMK 1 72ATR-72-212A/VT-TMP 1 72
Total All Airlines (All Types) 448
STAGE LENGTH
TABLE 9: AVERAGE STAGE LENGTH* FLOWN (IN KILOMETRES) BY SCHEDULED INDIAN FLEET, 2016-17.
NAME OF THE AIRLINE DOMESTIC OPERATION INTERNATIONAL OPERATION
9
AIR INDIA 1039.3 6405.1
INDIGO 952.6 2252.5
JET AIRWAYS 757.2 2912.7
SPICEJET 751.1 1844.3
AIR INDIA EXPRESS 277.1 2574.2
VISTARA 1098.4
NO INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS
AIR ASIA 1037.2
GO AIR 931.5
AIR COSTA 837.1
ZOOM AIR 830.6
JETLITE 814.5
ALLIANCE AIR 735.0
TRUEJET 443.9
AIR PEGASUS 395.7
AIR CARNIVAL 358.6*Average Stage Length is calculated by dividing the total aircraft km flown by the total number of aircraft departure.
TABLE 10: SUMMARY OF AIR OBJECTS REGISTERED WITH DGCA AS ON 15th May, 2017.
OPERATOR TYPE
AIRC
RAFT
HELI
COPT
ER
BALL
OO
N
HAN
G GL
IDER
GLID
ER
MO
TOR
GLID
ER
ULT
RA-L
IGHT
EXPE
RIM
ENTA
L
TOTA
L
SCHEDULED 518 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 518
NON-SCHEDULED 218 224 11 0 1 0 0 0 454
GOVERNMENT 116 37 0 5 43 0 0 4 205
PRIVATE 131 46 14 17 8 0 9 0 225
TRAINING 314 0 0 0 19 1 8 0 342
MISCELLANEOUS 0 0 0 3 0 0 26 0 29
GRAND TOTAL 1297 307 25 25 71 1 43 4 1773
Source: Directorate of Air Worthiness, DGCA.
NON-SCHEDULED OPERATORS (NSOP)
10
2004-052005-06
2006-072007-08
2008-092009-10
2010-112011-12
2012-132013-14
2014-152015-16
2016-170
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
156183
229
272
327
370409 412
366 361393 406
353
44 56 6699
122 127 134 147125 120 126 123 116
CHART 14: NON-SCHEDULED OPERATORS
Number of aircrafts (including helicopters) Number of Operators
------
-Num
ber-
------
As on 31st March
Source: Directorate of Air Transport- I.
Reliance Commercial Dealers Ltd.
Trans Bharat Aviation Pvt. Ltd
VRL Logistics Ltd.
Pinnacle Air Pvt. Ltd.
Ligare Aviation
Airmid Aviation Services Ltd.
Karnavati Aviation Pvt. Ltd.
Zest Aviation Pvt. Ltd.
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.010.2
9.57.9
6.23.2
2.92.82.8
2.62.3
2.22.12.02.02.0
CHART 15: TOP 15* NSOP-DOMESTIC (AIRCRAFT) OPERATIONS (% SHARE)- 2016-17
* In terms of number of flights operated.
Out of the total 71 NSOP domestic (aircraft) operators, top 15 operators accounted for more than half of the total number of domestic flights operated in the year 2016-17.
11
Reliance Commercial Dealers Ltd.
Poonawalla Aviation Pvt. Ltd.
VRL Logistics Ltd.
Airmid Aviation Services Ltd.
Indian Flysafe Aviation Ltd.
Orbit Aviation Pvt. Ltd.
Ashley Aviation Ltd.
Taj Air Limited
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.020.6
11.07.9
7.57.0
6.64.5
3.83.4
3.22.7
2.32.32.22.2
CHART 16: TOP 15* NSOP-INTERNATIONAL (AIRCRAFT) OPERATIONS (% SHARE)- 2016-17
* In terms of number of flights operated.
Out of the total 32 non-scheduled international (aircraft) operators, top 15 operators accounted for more than 85% of the total number of international flights operated in the year 2016-17.
Global Vectra Helicorp
Pawan Hans Limited
Himalayan Heli Services
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
35.6
30.9
17.9
CHART 17: TOP 3* NON-SCHEDULED HELICOPTER OPERATORS (% SHARE)- 2016-17
* In terms of number of flights operated.
Out of the total 55 non-scheduled Helicopter operators, top 3 operators accounted for more than 80% of the total number of flights operated in the year 2016-17
OPERATING ECONOMICS
12
TRUJETVISTARA
AIR ASIA
AIR COSTA
SPICEJET
AIR PEGASUSJETLITE
ALLIANCE AIR
JET AIRWAYSGO AIR
AIR INDIAINDIGO
AIR INDIA EXPRESS0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0142.1
112.0102.3 98.8
85.0 81.2 79.4 78.1 77.9 77.5 75.1 71.062.9
80.169.4
80.2 80.7
90.678.5 79.3
66.5
82.6 83.7 75.5 84.0 82.4
CHART 18: COMPARISON OF PASSENGER LOAD FACTOR (PLF) AND BREAK-EVEN LOAD FACTOR (BELF), 2015-16
BELF PLF--
--B
ELF
& P
LF (%
)---
-
PLF=RPK/ASK BELF=Operating Cost Per ASK/ Operat-ing Revenue per RPK
A higher PLF implies that an airline is successful in selling available seats. However, higher PLF may not result in higher operating profit. When PLF is less than break-even load factor, the airline in question is running losses. Evidently, in the year 2015-16, only Air India Express, Indigo, Go Air, SpiceJet, Jet Airways and Air India were operating at a PLF higher than break-even load factor (BELF).
30.0
10.913.3
9.1
6.2
8.8
5.710.4 3.5 2.0
CHART 19: APPROXIMATE COST STRUCTURE OF AVIATION INDUSTRY IN INDIA, 2015-16
FuelGeneral and Adminis-trativeRentals of Flight EquipmentUser chargesTicketing sales and PromotionOther ExpensesDepreciation and amor-tizationMROPax ServicesFlight Crew salary & Expenses
The chart depicting the general trend of cost structure of aviation industry has been worked out from available information in AT-II division, DGCA.
While decomposing the airline industry cost structure, it can be seen that Fuel cost accounts for (30%) of the Operating Cost of Indian aviation industry (scheduled operations) followed by General and Administrative costs (10.9%), Rental of Flight Equipment (13.3%) and User Charges (including landing and associated airport charges and Air Navigation charges) (9.1%).
13
TRUJET
ALLIA
NCE AIR
AIR PEGASUS
AIR COSTA
VISTARA
JET A
IRW
AYS
JETLIT
E
AIR IN
DIA
SPICEJET
AIR A
SIA
GO AIR
INDIG
O
AIR IN
DIA EXPRESS0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
0.0
500.0
1000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
3000.0
Chart-20: OPERATING COST PER ASK, 2015-16
UNADJUSTED OPERATING COST PER ASK ADJUSTED OPERATING COST PER ASKAVERAGE STAGE LENGTH
----
Op
erati
ng
Cost
Per
ASK
(In
Ru
pee
s)--
--
---A
vera
ge S
tage
Len
gth
(In
Kilo
met
ers)
----
The cost comparison was undertaken before and after adjusting Operating Cost to Average Stage Length. Because of high fixed cost of airlines unit cost decrease as distance increases. Hence, a stage length adjustment is necessary for fairer comparison. In the year 2015-16, in terms of cost efficiency of airlines, IndiGo and Go Air had the least operating cost (adjusted for stage length) per ASK, of Rs 3.1 each, followed by SpiceJet (Rs 3.2) and JetLite (Rs 3.6).
ALLIANCE AIRTRUJET
AIR PEGASUS
AIR COSTAJETLITE
JET AIRWAYSSPICEJET
VISTARAINDIGO
AIR INDIA
AIR INDIA EXPRESSGO AIR
AIR ASIA0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.09.1
7.3
6.0
5.0 4.9 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.83.3
CHART-21: COMPARISON OF PASSENGER YIELD OF SCHEDULED INDIAN CARRIERS, 2015-16
Passenger Yield
-----R
upee
s Pe
r RPK
(In
Num
ber)
-----
Passenger Yield=Passenger Rev-enue/RPK
Passenger yield is a measure of average fare paid per passenger km flown, calculated by dividing Passenger Revenue by Revenue Passenger Kilometers. In the year 2015-16, Air Asia had the lowest passenger yield followed by Go Air and Air India Express.
14
TABLE 11: FINANCIAL SUMMARY OF ALL SCHEDULED INDIAN CARRIERS- 2015-16
(RS. IN MILLION)
OPERATING REVENUE OPERATING EXPENSES OPERATING RESULT
SCHEDULED NATIONAL CARRIERS
AIR INDIA 1,99,923.30 1,98,873.30 1,050
AI EXPRESS 29,179.57 22,283.43 6,896.13
ALLIANCE AIR 2,738.58 3,241.62 -476.04
SUB TOTAL (A) 2,31,841.45 2,24,371.35 7,470.09
SCHEDULED DOMESTIC PRIVATE CARRIERS
JET AIRWAYS 2,11,117.71 1,99,085.39 12,032.33
JET LITE (P) LTD. 11,136.46 11,154.11 -17.65
GO AIR 28,816.96 26,704.43 2,112.53
SPICE JET 50,880.72 47,735.05 3,145.67
INDIGO 1,61,399.09 1,36,370.73 25,028.36
AIR COSTA 3,191.13 3,904.73 -713.60
AIR ASIA 6,588.42 8,405.43 -1,817.01
VISTARA 6,913.73 11,154.68 -4,240.95
AIR PEGASUS 539.63 558.32 -18.70
TRUJET 649.24 1,151.54 -502.30
BLUE DART 5,938.10 5,719.70 218.40
SUB TOTAL (B) 4,87,171.19 4,51,944.11 35,227.08
GRAND TOTAL (A+B) 7,19,012.64 6,76,315.46 42,697.17
15
HUMAN RESOURCE
TABLE 12: PERSONNEL STATISTICS OF SCHEDULED INDIAN OPERATORS FOR THE YEAR 2015-16.NAME OF THE
AIRLINEPilots & Co-Pilots
Other Flight Crew
Cabin Crew
Maintenance & Overhaul
Personal Overhaul
Ticketing & Sales
Personnel
All Other Personnel
Total
AIR INDIA 1411 - 2116 913 4577 3863 12880AIR INDIA EXPRESS 269 - 387 181 - 151 988ALLIANCE AIR 77 - 149 - - 281 507JET AIRWAYS 1575 387 3539 2223 1092 5940 14756JETLITE 134 1 236 317 - 52 740INDIGO 1747 132 3218 876 65 6324 12362SPICEJET 467 36 858 528 371 3105 5365GO AIR 265 86 423 347 454 842 2417AIR COSTA 68 12 65 110 191 409 855AIR ASIA 99 12 169 109 110 258 757VISTARA 114 - 274 17 46 497 948TRUJET 10 - 27 95 82 55 269AIR PEGASUS 16 - 16 29 60 53 174BLUE DART 58 - - 142 - 874 1074TOTAL 6310 666 11477 5887 7048 22704 54092
Out of the total airline staff of 54092, 27.3% is employed by Jet Airways followed by Air India Ltd (23.8%), IndiGo (22.9%) and SpiceJet (9.9%).
MALE FEMALE TOTAL MALE FEMALE TOTAL2015-16 2016-17
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
395
66
461492
65
557
384
47
431 419
41
460
156
26
182 162
15
177
CHART-22: PILOT LICENCES ISSUED BY DGCA
CPL ATPL PPL
----
-Nu
mb
er o
f Lic
ense
s is
sued
----
-
Source: Directorate of Training & Licensing, DGCA. CPL- Commercial Pilot License; ATPL-Air Transport Pilot License; PPL- Private Pilot License.
16
ASK PER EMPLOYEE
Available Seat Kilometer (ASK) per Employee is an indicator of efficiency both in terms of capacity planning and utilization of work force and is calculated by dividing Available Seat Kilometers by Number of Employees. In terms of the ASK per employee, JetLite is the most efficient after the National airlines.
NATIONAL AIRLINES*JETLITE
INDIGOGO AIR
JET AIRWAYSAIR ASIA
SPICEJETVISTARA
AIR COSTAAIR PEGASUS
TRUJET0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5 4.2
3.6 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1
2.42.2
0.80.5 0.4
CHART-23: ASK PER EMPLOYEE, (2015-16)
ASK Per Employee
-----A
SK P
er E
mpl
oyee
(In
Mill
ion)
-----
* National Airlines Includes Air India, Air India Express & Alliance Air.
REVENUE PER EMPLOYEE
Revenue per employee is an indicator of productivity of human resource of an airline and is calculated by dividing Operating Revenue by Number of Employees. Employee productivity was highest for National Airlines followed by JetLite and Jet Airways.
NATIONAL AIRLINES*JETLITE
JET AIRWAYSINDIGO
GO AIRSPICEJET
AIR ASIAVISTARA
BLUE DART
AIR COSTA
AIR PEGASUSTRUJET
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.016.1
15.014.3
13.111.9
9.58.7
7.3
5.5
3.7 3.12.4
CHART 24: REVENUE PER EMPLOYEE- 2015-16
Revenue Per Employee
----
-Rev
enu
e Pe
r Em
plo
yee
(Rs.
In M
illio
n)-
---
* National Airlines Includes Air India, Air India Express & Alliance Air.
TABLE 13: DGCA APPROVED AME TRAINING INSTITUTES (AS ON 15th May, 2017)17
REGION STATE NUMBER OF AME INSTITUTES
NORTH-16
Delhi 3
Haryana 3
Uttar Pradesh 5
Rajasthan 2
Himachal Pradesh 1
Uttarakhand 1
Punjab 1
EAST-4
West Bengal 1
Assam 1
Bihar 1
Odisha 1
WEST-15
Maharashtra 10
Gujarat 2
Madhya Pradesh 3
SOUTH-16
Tamil Nadu 5
Kerala 5
Karnataka 3
Telangana 3
TOTAL 51
Source: Directorate of Air Worthiness, DGCA.
18
TABLE 14: DGCA APPROVED FLYING TRAINING ORGANISATIONS (AS ON 31st March, 2017).
STATE OWNERSHIP NUMBER OF FLYING ORGANIZATION
TELANGANAPrivate/Public Ltd. 3
State Govt. 1
GUJARAT Private/Public Ltd. 2
HARYANA State Govt. 1
KARNATAKAState Govt. 1
Private 1
MADHYA PRADESH Private/ Trust/ Public Ltd. 4
MAHARASHTRA
Society 1
Private 3
State Govt. 1
BIHAR State Govt. 1
ODISHA State Govt. 1
PUNJAB State Govt. 1
RAJASTHAN Private 1
UTTAR PRADESHPrivate/Trust 5
Central Govt. 1
UTTRAKHAND Private 1
KERALA State Govt. 1
TOTAL 30
Source: Directorate of Flying Training, DGCA.
19
AIR SAFETY
TABLE 15: YEAR-WISE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS.
YEARTYPE OF OPERATOR
SCHEDULED OPERATORS
NON-SCHEDULED OPERATORS
FLYING TRAINING INSTITUTE
GOVT. OPERATORS
PRIVATE OPERATORS
FOREIGN OPERATORS
TOTAL ACCIDENTS
2011 0 6 2 2 0 1 11
2012 0 3 2 2 2 0 9
2013 0 5 2 1 0 0 8
2014 1 2 2 1 0 0 6
2015 4 5 1 0 0 0 10
2016 3 3 0 1 0 0 7
2017* 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
*Till March 2017.Source: Directorate of Air Safety, DGCA.
TABLE 16: YEAR-WISE NUMBER OF SERIOUS INCIDENTS.
OTHER AVIATION RELATED STATISTICS
20
YearTYPE OF INCIDENT
ENGINEERING OPERATIONAL RUNWAY EXCURSION WEATHER MISCELLANEOU
STOTAL
INCIDENTS
2011 1 1 1 1 1 5
2012 3 4 0 0 0 7
2013 2 3 1 0 0 6
2014 6 1 1 1 2 11
2015 1 3 0 0 1 5
2016 10 1 0 0 0 11
Source: Directorate of Air Safety, DGCA.
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20160.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
3.9 4.5 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.8 6.3 6.6 7.0 7.7 8.0 8.89.711.3
13.1 14.115.7
17.418.9 19.8
21.222.4
23.8
26.575029
CHART-25: FOREIGN TOURIST ARRIVAL & INTERNATIONAL INBOUND PAX TRAFFIC
----N
o. o
f Pas
sen
gers
(In
Mill
ion
)----
Source: Ministry of Tourism.
An important aspect of international traffic to and from India pertains to trend in foreign tourist arrivals in India. In 2016, Foreign Tourist Arrivals accounted for 33.1% of inbound international traffic in India.
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-170
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
4543 4423 46275078
5536 5271 5505 57236262
7019
CHART 26: ATF CONSUMPTION OVER THE DECADE
ATF CONSUMPTION
----A
TF C
onsu
mpti
on (T
hous
and
met
ric t
onne
)----
Source: Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas.
The Air Turbine Fuel (ATF) consumption growth in India has been moving in tandem with the growth of air traffic. In the year 2016-17, ATF consumption went up by 12.1% which is consistent with increase in aircraft and air traffic movement.
21
AprilMay
JuneJuly
August
Septe
mber
October
November
December
January
Febrar
yMarc
h0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
Chart 27: YoY GROWTH OF ATF CONSUMPTION, 2016-17
2015-16 2016-17 YoY Growth in ATF Consumption
----A
TF C
onsu
mpti
on (0
00 m
etric
tonn
e)---
-
----Y
oY G
row
th in
ATF
Con
sum
ption
(%)--
--
Source: Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas.
TABLE 17: AIRPORTS IN INDIA (AS ON 31st March, 2017).
TOTAL INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS 24
AAI Airports 18Civil Enclave 3Private Airports (JVs) 3
TOTAL CUSTOMS AIRPORTS 8AAI Airports 4Civil Enclave 4
TOTAL DOMESTIC AIRPORTS 101AAI Operational Airports 49AAI Operational Civil Enclave 18AAI Non-Operational 30STATE/ PRIVATE GOVERNMENT 4Additional Airports being developed/ proposed(Pakyong, Bareilly(C), Adampur(CE) (Jallandhar) 3
TOTAL AIRPORTS (ALL TYPES) 133 Source: Airport Authority of India.
GLIDER TRAINING CENTRES IN INDIA*
1. Gliding Centre, Pune, Maharashtra: - It is attached with DGCA and its gliders belong to Government of India.2. Deolali Gliding Club, Nasik, Maharashtra:- It is registered under Society Act, 1816 by Charitable Commissioner F68
and the gliders of this club belong to Government of India.
*Source: Directorate of Air Worthiness, DGCA
22
INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURE/ PRIVATE AIRPORTS WHERE CNS/ATM IS PROVIDED BY AAI
Sl. No. NAME OF AIRPORT
1. Bangalore International Airport Limited (BIAL)
2. Cochin International Airport Limited (CIAL)
3. Hyderabad International Airport Limited (HIAL)
DOMESTIC PRIVATE/STATE GOVT./ U.T AIRPORTS WHERE CNS/ATM IS APPROVED BY AAI
Sl. No. NAME OF AIRPORT
1. Lengpui Airport (Mizoram)
2. Mundra Airport (Gujarat)
3. Nanded Airport (Maharashtra)
PRIVATE GREENFIELD AIRPORT
Sl. No. NAME OF AIRPORT
1. Durgapur (West Bengal)
Source: Airport Authority of India.
23
OFFICERS AND STAFF OF DIRECTORATE OF AIR TRANSPORT-II, DGCA ASSOCIATED WITH THE PUBLICATION
Notes:
1. Sources of data: Directorate of Air Transport- II, unless otherwise specified.2. Data published in the handbook is provisional.
24
DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL (SAG)
Sh. P C Cyriac
DEPUTY DIRECTOR
Sh. P K Srivastava
Sh. Narendra Singh
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR
Sh. Devendra Kumar
Sh. Mukund Bihari
STATISTICAL OFFICER
Sh. Mani Bhushan
Smt. Shweta Sharma
Sh. Ravi Kant Soni
Sh. Sandeep Verma