haddad: ten items at top of food and nutrition research agenda (jica-ri presentation)

8/2/2019 Haddad: Ten Items at Top of Food and Nutrition Research Agenda (JICA-RI presentation)

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Ten Urgent Items at the Top of the

Food and Nutrition Research Agenda

Lawrence Haddad

Institute of Development Studies

UK


2/15

Why is undernutrition stuck in South Asia?

1. How can agriculture contribute more toundernutrition reduction?

2. Social protection: conditional or unconditional?

3. Empowering women to reduce undernutrition: within

or outside programmes?4. Will increased social accountability improve service

delivery?

5. How can political commitment for undernutrition

reduction be built?6. What is the role of the private sector in nutrition?


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Table 3.5 Impact of interventions on nutritional status of childrenStudy Stunting (height-for-

age)Underweight

(weight-for-age)Wasting (weight-for-

height)Aiga et al. (2002) n.s ** n.sFaber et al. (2002) n.s n.s n.s.Hoorweg et al. (2000) ** ** **Makhotla and Hendriks (2004) n.s. n.s. n.s.

Low et al. (2007) n.s. ** **Olney et al. (2009) n.s. n.s. n.sSchipani et al. (2002) n.s. n.s. n.s.Shmidt and Vorster (1995) n.s. n.s. n.s.

Note: in the second column, n.s. is not statistically significant, * is statistically significant atthe 10% level, ** is significant at the 5% level, *** is significant at the 1% level

How can agriculture be made more pro-

nutrition?

Source: Masset, Haddad et. al. 2011


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Figure 1. Difference in school enrollment between those who received the E1 form to enforce

conditionality and those who did not, among PROGRESA transfer recipients

-.15

-.1

-.05

0

.05

byReceipto

fE1Form

3 4 5 6 7 8

DifferenceinEn

rollmentRate,

Years of Completed Schooling

IFPRI Discussion Paper 00757 2008. Must Conditional Cash Transfer Programs Be Conditioned to Be Effective? The Impact ofConditioning Transfers on School Enrollment in Mexico. Alan de Brauw and John Hoddinott

Social Protection: To

Condition or Not?


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Where to target womens empowerment

efforts?

Nutrition

Determinant

Eradicate

discrimination

Positive promote catch up

in womens status

Basic Voting rights Quotas in governance and

decision making fora

Underlying Equalise access to

farm inputs

Target social protection to

women

Immediate Equal access to

fortified foods

Nutrition programmes

targeted to young girls


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Citizen Feedback: Are Anti-Hunger Efforts Working?

Randomised control trial of community-based monitoring of

public primary health care providers in Uganda

Citizen report cards reduced child mortality by 33 per cent

The study documents large increases in utilisation andimproved health outcomes

Cost per child death averted was $300, well below theaverage of $887 for 23 other interventions.

Bjrkman, M and Svensson, J. (2009) 'Power to the People: Evidence from a Randomized Field

Experiment on Community Based Monitoring in Uganda, The Quarterly Journal of Economics,Vol 124: 2, pp 73569


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Measuring the commitment to reduce hungerCountry Government

expenditure rankPolicies and

programmes rankHRCI

(1 is best)

Denmark 3 4 1Finland 6 9 2

Belgium 9 7 3Ireland 5 11 3Norway 2 15 5France 11 6 5United Kingdom 14 3 5Australia 16 2 8

Netherlands 10 8 8Spain 4 14 8Germany 12 10 11South Korea 23 1 12Japan 8 17 13

Canada 13 13 14Greece 21 5 14

Sweden 7 19 14Italy 22 12 17USA 18 18 18Austria 20 16 18Switzerland 15 22 20New Zealand 17 20 20Portugal 19 21 22

Source: IDS at hrcindex.org


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Improving nutrition for all.

The Access to Nutrition Index is a

groundbreaking initiative that rates food and

beverage companies' performance in

providing nutritious products to consumers.

The Access to Nutrition Index is

currently being developed.

Sign up to stay informed or Discover

more about the Index.

Supported by:

What is the role of the

private sector in nutrition?


9/15

What to do to get Agriculture moving in

Sub-Saharan Africa?

1. Large farms or small?

2. Focus on more favoured or less favoured

areas?

3. How seriously to take food price volatility?

4. Why is the impact culture in agriculture so

weak?


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Note: Dashed lines indicate average yield gap and 50th

percentile for relative suitability.Source: Deininger et al. 2011

CHNMYS

PHL

VNM

EGY

JOR

INDPAKHUN

KAZ

LTUPOL

ROMRUS

SVN

TKM

UKR

ARGBRA

CHL COL

SLV

GUY

MEX

PER

URY

AGOBEN

BDI

COGZAR

GHA

MWI

MOZ

NGA

RWA

SDN

TZA

ZMB

Type 1 Type 2

Type 3 Type 4

.2

.4

.6

.8

1

YieldGap

-10 -5 0 5

Suitable relative to cultivated area (in logarithms)

Agric growth is smallholder led

Larger farms exist, strongerproperty rights, minimise

externalities

Invest in smallholder agric if

non agric growth limited

Potential for large farmers

with good governance

Suitable relative to cultivated area

One typology to guide farm size strategy


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Invest in Less Favoured or More Favoured Agricultural Land?


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How seriously do we take food price volatility?

Global real price indices for major agricultural products since 1960

Source: HMG (2010) Data sourced from UNCTAD, BEA


13/15

Why is the impact culture so weak in Agriculture?

65

59

53

33

0 0

describe how

M&E findings will

be used

should do a

household

survey but are

not

do not outline

impact

evaluation plan

explicitly target

women in

outcomes

describe how a

control group

would be

established

mention

selection bias in

understanding

impact

%

Percent of Large

donors agriculture

projects (n=35) that..


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Conclusions

The answers to these questions are vital for

policy

They are profound questions

They are researchable, but require a bit of

imagination

They could unlock action to rapidly accelerate

progress on MDG 1


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Arigatou gozaimasu!

haddad: ten items at top of food and nutrition research agenda (jica-ri presentation)

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