daibetes by dr.amal haddad

7/30/2019 Daibetes By Dr.Amal haddad www.nutritionindex.net

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Nutrition for DiabetesAml HaddadPharmacy & Medical Sciences of

Clinical Nutrition


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Idiopathic

Type 1Diabetes Mellitus(absolute insulin

deficiency)

5-10 % of all cases

Circulating

Auto-antibodies

Immune-mediated

(Autoimmunity)

(viral infection,toxic

Diabetes: is a group of metabolic disorders byhyperglycemia


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GeneticFactors

Type 2 DiabetesMellitus

(insulin resistance;

insulin deficiency)90 % all cases

Environmentalfactors

Intake of

Excessive calories

Risk Factors(physicalinactivity,olderage,

obesity)


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Gestational Diabetes GDM (specific types):

Diagnosed during Pregnancy results from:

Genetic Syndromes, malnutrition, infections, drugs,

hormone---- insulin resistance ,7% of pregnancy

Pre-Diabetes :

Fasting or glucose tolerance test results above

normal.


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Diagnosing Diabetes:Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)

1. Normal 100

2. Pre-diabetes 100-125

3. Dm 126

Random blood glucose:1. Normal 140

2. Pre -diabetes 140-190

3. Dm 200

Risk factors for diabetes:

1. Family history of type 2

2. Overweight , BMI 253. Cardiac Risk factors : LDL , Cholesterol ,hypertension

HDL.


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Protein glycosylation :

When blood glucose remains elevated

1. Overtime, tissues become glycosylated.

2. Glucose (sticks) to tissue.

Glycosylation damages blood vessels and

contributes to long-term complication

associated with poorly controlled diabetes.


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HEMOGLOBIN A1C LAB Test :

Measures the glycosylation of hemoglobin.

Indicates average glycemic control over past 3months.

Recommended: 7

A1 C BG

5 10

6 135

7 170

8 205

9 204

10 275

11 310

12 345


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Long term complication HBG conc.:

1. Blood vessels (CVD)

2. Eyes (retinopathy)3. Kidneys (nephropathy) Damage

4. Nerves (neuropathy)

5. Noun-healing wounds.

Pieces of the diabetes Puzzle:

insulin / medication Food / CHO

BG monitoring Exercise


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Hypoglycemia:

For BG 70 mg/dl

Take 15g of CHO:

1cup juice, 1 Tbsp sugar ,jam, honey

Recheck BG in 15 minutes.

Dont use items that contain fat delays absorption (no

chocolate ,ice cream ,cookies).


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Nutrition Management

Type 1 Diabetes:

1. Depend in insulin injection with food intake , consistency in timing

and amount of CHO eaten if on fixed insulin doses.

Adequate energy & nutrient in take to promote growth & development

in children .

Type 2 Diabetes:1. lifestyle strategies (food /eating and physical activity ) that improve

glycemia , dyslipidemia and blood pressure.

2. Nutrition education.

3. 5% -10 % weight loss

4. Blood glucose monitoring.


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NUTRITION THERAPY:

Balanced Diet

CHO 45-65% Kcal Starch ,milk, fruit ,Vega

Protein 20-35% Kcal Meat , eggs, cheese

Fat 10-35% kcal Oils, butter, nuts


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TABLE GLYCEMIC INDEX:

LOW GI 55 Medium GI 65-69 HIGH GI 70

Low-fat yoghurt with

sweetener

Rice Dates

Apples Honey White bread

Tomato soup, canned Cheese and tomato

pizza

Watermelon

Nuts Digestive biscuit Cornflakes

Beans Ice cream French fries

Fruits Pineapple, fresh Wafer biscuits

Vegetables Table sugar Rice cakes

Sweet potato Cake Corn chips

Pasta Raisins Watermelon

Noodles Potato, boiled Chips, potato


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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1

Diabetes Melllitus (absoluteinsulin deficiency)

Circulating

Auto-antibodies

Immune-mediated

(Autoimmunity)

(viral infection,toxicchemicals, ect.)

Idiopathic


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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Genetic

Factors

Type 2

Diabetes

Mellitus(insulin

resitance;insulindeficiency)

Environmental

factors

Intake ofExcessive calories

Risk Factors(physicalinactivity,

olderage, obesity)

daibetes by dr.amal haddad

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