HA2 27/28 February

HA2 28/29 JanuaryManhattan Project, Holocaust, Effects of WWIIBellworkPrepare to take your Greatest Generations quiz

Todays ObjectivesRecall key facts and figures relating to the Manhattan ProjectAssess how the US response to the Holocaust has affected the USPredict and understand the effects of WWII on the US and worldThe Manhattan ProjectAlbert Einstein1942 FDR initiates atomic research with codename Manhattan ProjectLeadersJ. Robert OppenheimerGeneral Leslie Groves1945 Harry Truman decides to use atomic bombs against Japan because:End WWII quicklyAvoid massive loss of life with invasion of Japan

Predict!How do you think the Manhattan Project affected the US post-WWII?

Predict!How do you think the Manhattan Project affected the US post-WWII?

Soviet Union gets ahold of the science and creates there ownWar / competition between nations with nuclear capabilitiesThe HolocaustNuremburg Laws put restrictions on Jews in GermanyHitlers Final Solution = genocide of Jews and other undesirablesConcentration Camps (2 kinds)Labor camps (slave labor / work camps)Death camps (experimentation / execution)

The HolocaustEarly US response: weak1944 War Refugee Board works with the Red Cross to save thousands of Eastern European JewsWhat could the US have done?Pressured Axis-controlled sending victimsBombed rail lines transporting victimsNuremburg Trials international trials of Nazis for war crimes and the HolocaustThe HolocaustUS opens up immigration for refugees1948 Jewish community of Palestine declares itself the State of IsraelUS immediately recognizes its legitimacy

Predict!How do you think the USs responses to the Holocaust late/after the war would affect the US?

Predict!How do you think the USs responses to the Holocaust late/after the war would affect the US?

Immigration of Eastern European Jews increasedLong-lasting, strong relationship with IsraelCreating a New WorldYalta Conference Feb 1945 BIG THREE (Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill)Agree that some of the Eastern European countries will have free elections after the warPotsdam July 1945 BIG THREE (Stalin, Truman, Atlee)Agree to divide post-war Germany into 4 zones: Soviet, American, French, BritishPost-war ProfilesGermanyLeaders put on trial for war crimesSplit into 4 zonesMade to pay reparations to Allied nationsDe-industrialize and de-militarized, but over time helped to rebuild a stable and productive Germany

Post-war ProfilesJapanLeaders put on trial for war crimesUS occupies Japan + supervises writing of a new constitutionAbolishes armed forces except for defenseGave women suffrageEstablished a plan for economic recoveryItalyPaid war reparations, monarchy abolished, Republic with constitution established

Post-war ProfilesChinaCivil war resumesCommunists eventually take over (Mao Zedong)Great Britain and FranceMarshall Plan (aka European Recovery Program)$13 billion to help rebuild Western European economy and war-devastated regionsPost-war ProfilesSoviet UnionSaw economic growth during the war and industrialization under Stalin BUTIndustry, cities, and people had suffered from war with GermanRed Army (Soviet Army) controlled Eastern Europe with the continued threat of moving west

Post-War ProfilesUnited StatesIsolationism ends / US assumes global leadershipCivil Rights movement grows Economy prospers Predict!Which countries will become world superpowers after WWII? How will they interact with each other?Superpower = countries that dominated the post-war world

Predict!Which countries will become world superpowers after WWII? How will they interact with each other?Superpower = countries that dominated the post-war world

US and the Soviet UnionCold War

International CooperationUS pushes for world economic reformInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) organizes international money exchange and policiesWorld Bank provides reconstruction and development loans to countriesGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) reduces tariffs to expand world tradeOVERALL GOAL: rebuilding the world economy to recover from the warInternational CooperationUnited Nations (UN)Replaces the League of NationsPermanently housed in NYCAll member nations sit on the General Assembly5 permanent Security Council seats:United States, Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, ChinaInternational CooperationUN (continued)Aided independence movements in coloniesWithin 20 years most colonies were independent Helped the creation of the State of IsraelProvided aid to areas suffering after the war1948 issued the Universal Declaration of Human RightsAll humans are born free and equal in dignity and rightsFree speech, religion, adequate standards of livingAnti-slavery, anti-tortureSummary: Effects of WWIIEurope / Japan in ruins after WWIIEuropean colonies gradually gain independenceSoviets dominate Eastern EuropeCold War between the US and the Soviets beginsUS becomes a world economic and political powerCivil Rights movement gains momentumNote on the Unit TestMultiple Choice and Short AnswerBe prepared to provide EVIDENCE for short answers on the following topics:Isolation v. interventionCauses and Effects of WWIIHomeworkSFI SheetStudy for Test