guidelines for general installation

Guidelines for General Installation

20th April 2007

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SECTION 1 SCOPE & GENERAL

1.1 GENERAL 1.2 APPLICATION 1.3 DOCUMENTATION 1.4 TRANSPORTATION, ON-SITE HANDLING & STORAGE 1.5 SAFETY & CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

SECTION 2 WALL FRAME INSTALLATION2.1 PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION & IDENTIFICATION 2.2 ERECTION OF WALL FRAMES 2.3 TIE-DOWN REQUIREMENTS 2.4 STRAP BRACING & SHEET BRACING 2.5 BULKHEAD BEAM INSTALLATION 2.6 GARAGE, PORCH & VERANDAH BEAM INSTALLATION 2.7 SHOWER CUT-OUTS & BATH INSET CHANNEL

SECTION 3 ROOF TRUSS INSTALLATION3.1 GENERAL & DESIGN 3.2 PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION & TRUSS IDENTIFICATION 3.3 ROOF TRUSS SET-OUT 3.4 GABLE END CONSTRUCTION 3.5 HIP END CONSTRUCTION 3.6 DUTCH GABLE CONSTRUCTION 3.7 TURRET TRUSS CONSTRUCTION 3.8 GIRDER TRUSS INSTALLATION 3.9 COMMON ROOF BLOCK CONSTRUCTION 3.10 SADDLE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION 3.11 CEILING BATTENS, PLASTER ANGLES & HITCH BRACKETS 3.12 ROOF BRACING REQUIREMENTS 3.13 ROOF BATTENS & SPACINGS 3.14 VALLEY TRAY, VALLEY BOARDS & FASCIAS

SECTION 4 FIT-OUT & FOLLOWING TRADES4.1 INSTALLATION OF SERVICES 4.2 EXTERNAL DOORS & WINDOWS 4.3 BRICK TIES & DAMP PROOF COURSE 4.4 EXTERNAL CLADDINGS 4.5 PLASTERBOARD WALL & CEILING LININGS 4.6 INTERNAL DOOR JAMBS, ARCHITRAVES & SKIRTING BOARDS

SECTION 5 GENERAL INFORMATION5.1 ON-SITE FRAME MODIFICATIONS 5.2 FASTENING DESCRIPTIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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1.1 GENERAL

Steel Frame Solutions wall frames and trusses are engineered and manufactured to exacting standards. Steel Frame Solutions is a Quality Assured Company under ISO 9001:2000 and prides itself in ensuring a safe, clean and enjoyable work environment for all involved. To ensure that the expected performance is achieved from our product, it is imperative that all relevant parties are familiar with the requirements set out in all documents supplied by Steel Frame Solutions.

The guidelines in this document are a simple sub-set of the Bluescope Steel, Steel Framing Manuals and comprising of the following Australian Standards;

• AS 4600-2005, Cold Formed Steel Structures

• AS 3623-1993, Domestic Metal Framing

• AS 4055-2006, Wind Loads for Housing

• AS 1170 Part 1, 2002, Structural Design Actions – Permanent, Imposed and other Actions

• AS 1170 Part 2, 2002, Structural Design Actions – Wind Actions

It is advised that the Standards should be read in conjunction with all documents supplied by Steel Frame Solutions.

Steel Frame Solutions acknowledges Bluescope Steel, Standards Australia and the National Association of Steel Framed Housing (NASH) for permission to reproduce some of the technical information from within their specific guidelines.

1.2 APPLICATION

The construction procedures in this manual may be applied from the time the concrete slab has been laid and cured or a floor frame or platform has been constructed. Procedures detail the installation, spacing and fastening methods required to erect a Steel Frame Solution frame.

This document intends to apply to Steel Frame Solutions steel wall frames and trusses within the following general limitations;

a) Residential structures and light commercial structures,

b) Maximum wind rating of N3, Approximately Terrain Category 2 Region A, AS 1170

c) Maximum truss spacing of 1200mm,

d) Tile and sheet roof construction,

e) Standard stud spacings of 450mm to 600mm centres,

f) Standard wall heights up to 3000mm,

g) 75mm and 90mm standard stud widths,

h) Single and double storey construction.

For applications outside those listed above Steel Frame Solutions will provide adequate design documentation and engineering to verify the required specifications.

1.3 DOCUMENTATION

The Builder is responsible to supply all relevant information required by Steel Frame Solutions prior to fabrication.

Failure to supply copies of amendments and variations prior to fabrication will result in extra charges and on-site work.

Steel Frame Solutions will not accept any back charges for extra site work due to the builder’s failure to supply all relevant amendments or variations.


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Upon delivery of our wall frame and truss system, Steel Frame Solutions will provide the following site documentation;

- Copy of Architectural plans,

- Wall Framing Layout,

- Roof Framing Layout,

- Construction Information Sheet,

- Sundries Sheet,

- Individual Wall Panel Details, (excluding South Australia)

- Job specific Details.

Steel Frame Solutions can also include Wall and Truss Certification along with Wind Bracing Design to the required Authorities upon request.

1.4 TRANSPORTATION, ON-SITE HANDLING & STORAGE

Transportation is generally organised by Steel Frame Solutions. In the event of customer organised transportation Steel Frame Solutions are not accountable for any damage to the load after it has left our premises.

Lifting, loading and transportation of steel frames shall be accomplished with sufficient care to prevent damage. When a crane is used to unload, suitable lifting methods are required to minimise racking loads or local distortion of members.

Where cranage is required, sling trusses from the top chord panel points and wall frames at plate and stud connections. Slings should be located at equal distances from the truss or wall centreline and be approximately one-third to one-half the length apart. The angle between sling legs should be 60 degrees or less and where truss spans are greater than 9000mm, a spreader bar or strong back should be used. Where a truss exceeds 9000mm, spreader bars with attachments to web-chord joints should be used.

Refer to Drawing No. 001

NOTE: Never lift trusses by the apex joint alone.

Walls and trusses may also be placed by pulling them up skids spaced 3000mm apart without allowing sag between supports. Where a roof design consists of multiple truss types, each truss type should be isolated where possible. Components such as jack rafters and hip rafters should also be isolated. This simple procedure will eliminate double handling during erection and also reduce erection time.

NOTE: When manoeuvring any materials by hand take care not to damage components. Wall frames and trusses should be inspected on arrival to site. Any damaged parts must be reported immediately to ensure correct rectification, not site repaired without prior approval from Steel Frame Solutions.** Damage components may effect the structual integrity.Steel Frame Solutions will not be liable for any site rectification if we did not give prior approval.

Steel wall frames, trusses and associated ancillaries must be kept dry and stored clear of the ground to provide ventilation. They must be covered with a waterproof membrane to prevent water or condensation being trapped between adjacent surfaces. In the event the bundles or packs become wet the components should be separated, wiped dry with a clean cloth and placed so that air can circulate freely to complete the drying process.

ADVICE: Some building materials and environmental conditions can be detrimental to coated steel products. These include contact with, or exposure to runoff from;

• Industrial, agricultural, marine or other aggressive atmospheric conditions, • Incompatible metals (eg. Lead or copper), • Building materials subject to cycles of dryness/wetness, or which have excessive moisture content (such as improperly seasoned timber), • Materials which have been treated with preservatives (eg. CCA or tanalith-treated timber).

Full list is available at www.bluescopesteel.com


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Drawing No. 001

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1.5 SAFETY & CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

When erecting a Steel Frame Solutions frame the following safety equipment and tools will be required.

a) Essential Safety Equipment

- Safety glasses

- Hearing protection (when using power tools)

- Earth leakage circuit breaker for power tools

- Protective gloves

- Power lead stands or insulated hooks

b) Power Tools

- Electric screw gun (Tek-Gun)

- 230mm (9”) Angle grinder

- Electric drill/Hammer drill

- Powder actuated nail gun

c) Power Tool Accessories

- 8mm (5/16”) hexagonal socket

- No 2 Phillips head bits

- Extension bar up to 150mm long

- Suitable metal cutting discs

- Metal/Masonry bits

- Masonry anchors

- Powder actuated fasteners (washered pins)

- Heavy duty power leads

d) Hand Tools

- Spirit level

- Double action tin snips

- Step ladder

- Vice grips

- Chalk line

NOTE: The construction of wall frames and trusses must adhere to the relevant safe work practices for general construction. Safety systems must not modify the wall frames and trusses, or put loads onto wall frames and trusses unless designed for that purpose.

NOTE: Earth leakage breakers are mandatory on building sites. They should be installed between the power supply and electrical tools to prevent the risk of electrical shock. Permanent earthing of a completed steel frame is essential and shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations of the local electrical authority as soon as is practicable, once the frame is anchored.


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2.1 PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION & IDENTIFICATION

Frame erectors must be aware of the following points before constructing Steel Frame Solutions wall frames.

NOTE: Wall frames should be inspected on arrival to site. Any damaged parts should be reported immediately to ensure correct rectification, not site repaired without prior approval from Steel Frame Solutions.Steel Frame Solutions will not be liable for any site rectification if we did not give prior approval.

a) Frame and Slab/Sub-Floor Dimensions MUST be compatibleMeasure your slab or floor platform to ensure the frame will sit comfortably within its dimensions. This will highlight any discrepancies between the two that must be catered for during set-out.

b) Frame Set-out MUST be as per Correct PlanSet-out must be made using the Architectural plans to ensure all relevant measurements are transferred to the slab/sub-floor.

c) Frames MUST be Installed Right Way Up & Right Way AroundThe Steel Frame Solutions wall frame numbering system and Wall Framing Layout will ensure each wall frame is installed correctly on-site.

d) Site Modifications MUST be Checked by Steel Frame SolutionsMinor modifications to wall frames are easily made on-site if required by the client. However, check with Steel Frame Solutions for any structural implications.

Refer to Section 5.1 On-Site Frame Modifications

e) Statutory Regulations MUST be Adhered toFollowing trades must ensure that all statutory regulations are complied with during the construction process.

WALL FRAME NUMBERING SYSTEM: During the fabrication detailing process the wall frames are numbered to accurately identify them; this process also incorporates junction numbers which reference back to the Wall Framing Layout.

Drawing No. 002 illustrates the Steel Frame Solutions numbering system.

IMPORTANT NOTE: To ensure a wall frame is not installed upside down or wrong way around, match the junction numbers as per the Wall Framing Layout, also all numbers should be maintained the right way up. Always refer back to the Architectural plans prior to fixing down the wall frames to ensure construction is correct.

SECTION 2 WALL FRAME INSTALLATION

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Drawing No. 002

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2.2 ERECTION OF WALL FRAMES

The erection sequence for a steel building frame is generally the same as that for timber framing. The advantage of the Steel Frame Solutions system is its light weight and rigidity.

Suggested construction sequence as follows.

STEP 1: Study the entire set of Architectural and fabrication plans.

STEP 2: Mark wall frame positions on the floor with a chalk line as per the Architectural plans. Ensure that the building perimeter and individual rooms are square by comparing the diagonals. It may be helpful to mark the wall frame numbers on the slab at their appropriate locations. Also note the external corner of the smallest room, as this will be the most convenient place to begin construction.

STEP 3: Open the relevant frame packs and identify each panel using the wall frame numbering system and the Wall Framing Layout. Place the external wall frames around the site near their required positions, ensuring junction numbers match those of incoming walls. This is to be done in such a way that the wall frames can be pivoted up when required. The internal wall frames should be stacked inside the slab boundary at the corner diagonally opposite (furthest away from) the one where erection will commence. Make sure that the frames required first are at the top of the stack; the last at the bottom.

IMPORTANT NOTE: An impermeable membrane should be installed under all perimeter bottom plates fixed to on ground concrete slabs. The membrane should also extend up the weather side flange of the bottom plate. This is consistent with good building practices and is a condition of Bluescope Steel’s warranty on house framing made from TrueCore steel. When a frame is fixed to a suspended floor, an impermeable membrane is not required if adequate ventilation is supplied and a minimum distance of 400mm is allowed between the underside of the floor framing and existing ground level.

Suitable impervious membranes include:

• Bitustik by Grace Construction Products

• Brushable Hydroseal from Tremco

• Polyethylene and other products specified in BCA Volume 2, Section 3.3.4.4.

STEP 4: Starting from the previously selected convenient corner, stand the first two external wall frames together, along or parallel with the chalk lines, to form a corner. Be sure to note from the Wall Framing Layout which frame butts against the other. Square and plumb the two wall frames and connect with two #10-16x16mm hex head tek screws at each of the following locations: the top plates, noggin line and bottom plates of each frame.

Refer to Drawing No. 003 for common wall junction configurations.

Some wall frame connections may require additional structural support to form a rigid joint. This is usually required when on-site modifications have been made to the frame. Two examples are; where an internal wall does not butt against the appropriate studs in the external wall after frame modification; and where there is an insufficient structural base for fastening. Any structural modification to the frame must be referred to the design engineer.


STEP 5: The rest of the structure is built out across the floor from the free-standing corner. Do not erect the building perimeter before any internal walls, and do not close off a room before every frame is in place. Before joining wall frames, make sure they are square, plumbed and temporarily secured. Make sure that there is always sufficient support for the free-standing structure by adding temporary props or bracing as required. This is particularly necessary for long runs of walls or on windy days. During erection, always check the location of each bottom plate with respect to the chalk line to ensure that the structure is aligned and square.

STEP 6: Continue erecting adjacent wall frames as per STEP 4 until the entire frame is standing. When every wall frame has been joined, align the base of the walls with the chalk lines and ensure that all rooms are square (measure the diagonals again to be certain). The straightness of long walls can be checked with a string line.


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Drawing No. 003

STEP 7: When all walls are aligned with the chalk lines, fix to the floor through the bottom plates with the appropriate fasteners.

Refer to Section 2.3 Tie-Down Requirements

STEP 8: If a wall frame requires a bulkhead beam or bulkhead frame, install it now as per

Section 2.5 Bulkhead Beam Installation

NOTE: Unlike garage and verandah beams, bulkhead beams must be installed before the frame is plumbed and braced.

STEP 9: Adjust the alignment and vertical position of the walls by tensioning the strap bracing to rack the walls square and plumb. This is done by placing a straight edge, with a level, between the top and bottom plate, then tensioning the bracing on the wall perpendicular. Fine adjustment is achieved by gently tightening or loosening each tensioner.

Refer to Section 2.4 Strap Bracing & Sheet Bracing

STEP 10: Cut out bottom plates at all door openings, using an angle grinder or tin snips. The cut outs may be used elsewhere if required for trimmers or noggins.

STEP 11: Once all wall frames have been installed, the frame must be earthed in accordance with local regulations.

2.3 TIE-DOWN REQUIREMENTS

The wind speed for each job is noted on the Wall Framing Layout and is provided by the client prior to detailing. Steel Frame Solutions designs the tie-down requirements based on the specific job data and wind speed classification. The frame must be tied down as specified on your Construction Information sheet provided with your site documentation.

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2.4 STRAP BRACING & SHEET BRACING

Steel strap bracing is fitted in the factory, however there are occasions where additional on-site bracing is required in the form of strap or sheet bracing. The Wall Framing Layout will show where this additional bracing is required.

a) Factory Fitted Strap BracingAdjust the alignment and vertical position of the walls by tensioning the strap bracing to rack the walls square and plumb. This is done by placing a straight edge, with a level, between the top and bottom plate, and tensioning the bracing on the wall perpendicular. Fine adjustment is achieved by gently tightening or loosening each tensioner.

One #10-16x16mm tek screw must be fixed at all strap and stud intersections. Where walls are lined or clad, use wafer head tek screws. On external walls, hex head tek screws are used on brick veneer construction, on the cavity side of the frame.

b) On-Site Fixing of Additional Strap BracingAny additional steel strap bracing must have three #10-16x16mm tek screws to each end of the strap bracing where the studs meet the plates. Adjust the alignment and vertical position of the walls by tensioning the strap bracing to rack the walls square and plumb. This is done by placing a straight edge, with a level, between the top and bottom plate, and tensioning the bracing on the wall perpendicular. Fine adjustment is achieved by gently tightening or loosening each tensioner.

One #10-16x16mm tek screw must be fixed at all strap and stud intersections. Where walls are lined or clad, use wafer head tek screws. On external walls, hex head tek screws are used on brick veneer construction, on the cavity side of the frame.

c) On-Site Fixing of Sheet BracingAny extra sheet bracing is to be fixed using #12-14x20mm hex head screws in accordance with Drawing No. 004


Drawing No. 004

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d) Two Storey – Upper to Lower ConnectionWhere the ends of strap or sheet bracing land between joists, blocking must be used for sufficient tie-down capacity. An additional four #12-14x45mm or Type 17 x 50mm hex head tek screws must be used to fix the upper floor down at each end of the bracing panel.

Temporary bracing must be used to align and plumb long walls, and should be removed only after completion of the roof frame.

It is the builder’s responsibility to ensure the structure and all of its elements are adequately braced, fully tensioned and maintained in a safe and stable condition during the construction phase. No part of the structure shall be allowed to be overstressed or over loaded during the construction phase.

2.5 BULKHEAD BEAM INSTALLATION

Bulkhead construction will occasionally require the use of a beam in order to maintain a continuous pitching perimeter for the roof structure.


STEP 2: Locate the relevant beams using the beam numbering system and Wall Framing Layout. Lay the beams around the site near their required positions.

NOTE: Beams will be the correct length and will not require cutting unless otherwise noted on the drawings.

STEP 3: Lift the beam into position and align with walls. Beams will either sit in allocated ‘check-outs’ in studs or on structural posts, depending on the designated loads. Ensure beam is facing the correct way as noted on the individual wall frame sheet.

STEP 4: Determine the bulkhead beam configuration from the Wall Framing Layout.

STEP 5: Screw fix beam using 4 x #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws at each connection for beams up to and including C-150’s. Screw fix beam using 6 x #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws at each connection for beams ranging from C-200’s to C-300’s.

Refer to Drawing No. 005 for typical bulkhead beam connections.


Drawing No. 005

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2.6 GARAGE, PORCH & VERANDAH BEAM INSTALLATION

The installation of garage, porch and verandah beams require similar processes. Beam to beam connections and beam to frame, or post connections will be the same regardless of beam usage.


STEP 2: Locate the relevant beams using the beam numbering system and the Wall Framing Layout. Lay the beams around the site near their required positions.

NOTE: Beams will be the correct length and will not require cutting unless otherwise noted on the drawings.

STEP 3: Determine the beam configuration from the Wall Framing Layout and any job specific details. A beam will either sit in allocated ‘check-outs’ in studs or on structural posts, depending on the designated loads. Fixings for beams must be done in accordance with Steel Frame Solutions documentation and details. Ensure beam is facing the correct way as noted on the individual wall frame sheet.

STEP 4: Fix beams to the posts using the bolts provided, beams will be pre-drilled for post connections. Most jobs will have temporary posts which can be removed when brickwork is in position and the mortar has hardened.

Refer to Drawing No. 006 for beam to post fixing details.


STEP 5: Screw fix beams together or to wall framing using 6 x #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws at each connection.

Refer to Drawing No. 006 for post to concrete fixing details.

NOTE: All garages must be temporarily braced during the construction sequence.

Temporary bracing must be used to align and plumb long walls including long beam spans and should be removed only after completion of the roof frame.

It is the builder’s responsibility to ensure the structure and all of its elements are adequately braced, fully tensioned and maintained in a safe and stable condition during the construction phase. No part of the structure shall be allowed to be overstressed or over loaded during the construction phase.

Drawing No. 006

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2.7 SHOWER CUT-OUT & BATH INSET CHANNEL

Showers can be either in-situ or recessed. When an in-situ shower has been specified by the client Steel Frame Solutions will place the studs in the wall to suit the tap breach and lining requirements.

When a shower is specified to be inset Steel Frame Solutions will allow a second plate 100mm up from the bottom plate. The toe on the bottom plate will be cut on-site to allow the shower base to slide under the wall, the secondary plate will then form the trimmer for fixing the lining.

Refer to Drawing No. 007a for shower cut-out details.

When a bath frame is specified to be inset into a wall frame Steel Frame Solutions will supply Bath inset channel. Bath inset channel must be fitted on-site as it is classed as a structural member and strengthens the studs when they have been notched.

Refer to Drawing No. 007b for bath inset channel details.

Bath Hobs will be supplied accordingly and are fixed together following the same principles as noted under Section 2.2 Erection of Wall Frames.


Drawing No. 007a

Drawing No. 007b

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3.1 GENERAL & DESIGN

Steel Frame Solutions roof trusses have been manufactured to engineering standards. To ensure that the trusses perform, as designed, it is essential that they be handled, erected and braced correctly. The following recommendations apply to roof trusses on standard domestic and light commercial buildings.

The trusses are designed for normal roof, ceiling and wind loads to suit specific jobs and conditions. Additional loading such as Solar Units, Hot Water Tanks, Air Conditioning, etc. require special consideration. Advice should be sought from Steel Frame Solutions prior to commencing construction.

Wind load is an important factor in the design and performance of roof trusses. Ensure that you have correctly advised Steel Frame Solutions with regard to wind load requirements and that adequate provision has been made to fix trusses to support structure to withstand wind uplift forces.

3.2 PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION & TRUSS IDENTIFICATION

Frame erectors must be aware of the following points before constructing Steel Frame Solutions roof trusses. The wall frames must be fully braced, plumb and fully tied down before the erection of trusses has commenced.

NOTE: Roof trusses must be inspected on arrival to site. Any damaged parts must be reported immediately to ensure correct rectification, not site repaired without prior approval from Steel Frame Solutions.Steel Frame Solutions will not be liable for any site rectification if we did not give prior approval.

NOTE: The builder is responsible for the supply of all relevant information required for the truss design, to Steel Frame Solutions at the time the trusses are ordered.

a) Frame/Supporting Structure Dimensions MUST be compatibleMeasure your wall frame/supporting structure to ensure the roof trusses will fit comfortably. This will highlight any discrepancies between the two that must be catered for during truss set-out. A structure that is not level and is out of square will result in an ugly and unsatisfactory roof line.

Time is well spent to ensure the following;

1) The load bearing top plates are level,

2) The structure is the correct dimensions,

3) The top plates as well as being level are straight over the length of the building,

4) Care must be taken to ensure that the supporting structure is adequately braced and stable within its own right.

SECTION 3 ROOF TRUSS INSTALLATION

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b) Roof Truss Set-out MUST be as per Correct PlanRoof truss set-out must be made using the Roof Framing Layout to ensure all relevant measurements are transferred to the frame/supporting structure.

c) Trusses MUST be Installed the Right Way AroundThe Steel Frame Solutions roof truss numbering system and Roof Framing Layout will ensure each roof truss is installed correctly on-site.

d) Site Modifications MUST be Checked by Steel Frame SolutionsMinor modifications to roof trusses are easily made on-site if required by the client. However, check with Steel Frame Solutions for any structural implications.


e) Statutory Regulations MUST be Adhered toFollowing trades must ensure that all statutory regulations are complied with during the construction process.

NOTE: The construction of roof trusses must adhere to the relevant safe work practices for general construction of roofs. This will require that barriers or safety systems be installed at the appropriate time. These systems must not modify the trusses, or put loads on trusses unless designed for that purpose.

NOTE: If internal walls are required for support, the Wall & Roof Framing Layouts will be marked accordingly, and this intention is very clear. The supporting structure, including footings, etc., must be checked by the builder to ensure allowance has been made for these loads.

ROOF TRUSS COMPONENTS: Drawing No. 008 illustrates the definition of terms for the various roof truss components.


ROOF TRUSS IDENTIFICATION: Drawings No. 009 & No. 010 illustrate the definition of terms for the various types of roof trusses.

ROOF TRUSS NUMBERING SYSTEM: During the fabrication detailing process the roof trusses are numbered to accurately identify them, this process incorporates numbers which reference back to the Roof Framing Layout.

3.3 ROOF TRUSS SET-OUT

Prior to lifting any trusses into place, it is often convenient to mark out the truss locations on the top wall plate, using the supplied Roof Framing Layout for reference.

NOTE: The truss design spacing must not be exceeded.

Girder and truncated trusses should be set-out first as they have specific, fixed locations. Dual purpose trusses such as truncated girders need special attention as they may appear similar in profile to other trusses which must not be used accidentally instead.

Standard trusses must then be set-out, taking care not to exceed the design spacing. Generally they would be evenly set-out over runs of similar trusses. But it is also acceptable to space them at the design spacing and have a closing gap smaller than this – adjacent to a more heavily loaded truss, if possible.

NOTE: While erecting roof, trusses must be fixed plumb and straight. After fixing, if a bow or tilt is evident, the trusses have not been installed correctly. In this case, the problem must be rectified immediately.

Drawing No. 008

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Drawing No. 009

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Drawing No. 010

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3.4 GABLE END CONSTRUCTION

The following recommendations are guidelines only, as the details are the responsibility of the roof truss erectors.

Scope: - Up to N3 wind speed

- Sheet and tile roofing

Fasteners: - #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws

STEP 1: Study the entire set of Architectural and fabrication drawings.

STEP 2: Mark out truss positions on the top plate as per the Roof Framing Layout.

Refer to Section 3.3 Roof Truss Set-Out.

STEP 3: Begin by installing the gable end truss. Position it so as the battened face is in-line with the external face of the wall frame.

STEP 4: When the gable truss is in position, fix two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws through the fixing bracket at each heel connection into the side of the top plates.

STEP 5: Temporarily brace the gable truss plumb and straight.

STEP 6: Install the next truss in its set-out position as in Steps 4 and 5 and temporarily brace the truss at or near the apex.


STEP 7: Continue positioning trusses as per the procedures in, Section 3.9 Common Roof Block Construction.

STEP 8: For gable overhangs up to 300mm on tile roofing and 450mm on sheet roofing use gable outriggers. Install gable outriggers by positioning the first three as follows; one in the drop off area, one at the heel of the truss and one as close to the apex as possible.


Fix the outriggers with two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws, one through each tag of the outrigger into the top chord of the gable truss.

NOTE: Spacing of gable outriggers is to suit the roof batten spacing requirements. Ensure the roof battens run over the top of the outrigger and are fixed accordingly to provide extra support.

STEP 9: Additional support is necessary for all gable overhangs when the overhang is greater than 300mm on tile roofing and 450mm on sheet roofing. This is achieved by using gable overhang bars in-lieu of outriggers. Overhang bars are fixed in the same positions as outriggers, one in the drop off area, one at the heel of the truss and one as close to the apex as possible.

Overhang bars are fixed to the gable truss and to the second truss using #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws. On sheet roof construction the roof battens will be fixed directly over the top of the overhang bars.

Refer to Drawing No. 011 for details on outriggers and overhang bars.

NOTE: Spacing of gable overhang bars is to suit the roof batten spacing requirement.


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Drawing No. 011

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3.5 HIP END CONSTRUCTION








STEP 3: Lift trusses into position, ensuring the webs of the trusses face the hip end wall.

STEP 4: Stand the first station truncated truss in its set-out position and, fix two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws through the fixing bracket at each heel connection into the side of the top plates.

STEP 5: Temporarily brace the truss plumb and straight.

STEP 6: Repeat Steps 3 and 4 when installing the second, third and fourth station truncated trusses and temporarily brace.

NOTE: The standard set-out for the first four truncated trusses can be found on the Roof Framing Layout.

STEP 7: Continue positioning trusses as per the procedures in, Section 3.9 Common Roof Block Construction.

STEP 8: Install the crown end rafter by lining up the fixing bracket with the outside of the top plate at the centre of the hip end wall. Screw through the fixing bracket with two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws. Keeping the crown end rafter square to the hip end wall, screw it to the top chord of each truncated truss with one #12-14x20mm at each intersection. Ensure the top chords of all truncated trusses are straight and plumb.

STEP 9: Prior to fixing all jack rafters it is recommended to construct the external corner of the roof. To form the roof structure at the eave line, and to assist in the fitting of the fascia use the Steel Frame Solutions hip corner. The hip corner fixes to the top plates at external corners with two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws and to the top of the first truncated truss as per a standard jack rafter.

Refer to Drawing No. 012 for hip corner construction information.

STEP 10: Mark out the positions of the jack rafters on the hip end wall, ensure the design spacing is maintained. Fix the jack rafters to the hip end wall by lining up the fixing bracket with the outside of the top plate. Screw through the fixing bracket with two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws. Keeping the jack rafter square to the hip end wall, screw it to the top chord of each truncated truss with one #12-14x20mm at each intersection. Ensure the top chords of all truncated trusses are straight and plumb.

Continue to install all jack rafters until the hip end is complete.


STEP 11: For sheet roofing fix a Topspan 40 roof batten each side of the line formed from the intersection of the jack rafters and the chords of the truncated trusses to finish the hip roof line. Use two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws at each intersection.

For tile roofing use the hip rafter section and fix it directly to the intersection of the jack rafters and the chords of the truncated trusses. Use two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws at each intersection.


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Drawing No. 012

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3.6 DUTCH GABLE CONSTRUCTION







Refer to Section 3.3 Roof Truss Set-Out

NOTE: Dutch gable truss set-back can be found on the Architectural plans or Roof Framing Layout.

STEP 3: Lift trusses into position, ensuring the webs of the trusses face the hip end wall.

STEP 4: Stand the first station truncated truss in its set-out position and, fix two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws through the fixing bracket at each heel connection into the side of the top plates.

STEP 5: Temporarily brace the truss plumb and straight.

Refer to Section 3.5 Hip End Construction for truncated truss construction

STEP 6: Repeat Steps 3 and 4 when installing additional truncated trusses until the dutch gable truss is reached. Temporarily brace the trusses plumb and straight.

STEP 7: Install the dutch gable truss as per Steps 3 and 4 ensuring the battened face of the truss faces the hip end wall to allow for fixing of cladding.

Refer to Section 3.4 Gable end Construction, Step 8 & Step 9 for gable overhang set-up.

STEP 8: Install the crown end rafter by lining up the fixing bracket with the outside of the top plate at the centre of the hip end wall. Screw through the fixing bracket with two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws. Keeping the crown end rafter square to the hip end wall, screw it to the top of the mid-rail on the dutch gable truss and each top chord of the truncated trusses with one #12-14x20mm at each intersection. Ensure the top chords of all truncated trusses are straight and plumb.

STEP 9: Prior to fixing all jack rafters it is recommended to construct the external corner of the roof. To form the roof structure at the eave line, and to assist in the fitting of the fascia use the Steel Frame Solutions hip corner. The hip corner fixes to the top plates at external corners with two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws and to the top of the first truncated truss as per a standard jack rafter.


STEP 10: Mark out the positions of the jack rafters on the hip end wall, ensure the design spacing is maintained. Fix the jack rafters to the hip end wall by lining up the fixing bracket with the outside of the top plate. Screw through the fixing bracket with two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws. Keeping the jack rafter square to the hip end wall, screw it to the mid-rail on the dutch gable truss and each top chord of the truncated trusses with one #12-14x20mm at each intersection. Ensure the top chords of all truncated trusses are straight and plumb.

Continue to install all jack rafters until the hip end is complete.



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STEP 11: For sheet roofing fix a Topspan 40 roof batten each side of the line formed from the intersection of the jack rafters and the chords of the truncated trusses to finish the hip roof line. Use two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws at each intersection.

For tile roofing use the hip rafter section and fix it directly to the intersection of the jack rafters and the chords of the truncated trusses. Use two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws at each intersection.

NOTE: IF a dutch gable is formed out of saddle trusses, ensure the largest saddle truss is turned around so the battened face of the truss faces outwards. This allows for adequate fixing of cladding materials.

For standard saddle truss positioning and fixing Refer to Section 3.10 Saddle Truss Construction.


Drawing No. 013

25

3.7 TURRET TRUSS CONSTRUCTION








STEP 3: Place the turret truss as per the Roof Framing Layout with the barrel section facing the incoming half trusses.

STEP 4: Fix the turret truss to the top plate with two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws through the fixing bracket at each heel connection into the side of the top plates.

STEP 5: Temporarily brace the turret truss plumb and straight.

STEP 6: Fix incoming half trusses to the turret truss with two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws through the top and bottom of the barrel section into the upright chord of the half trusses.



Drawing No. 014

26

3.8 GIRDER TRUSSES INSTALLATION








STEP 3: Place the girder truss as per the Roof Framing Layout with the angle lintel seat facing the incoming bridge trusses.

STEP 4: Fix the girder truss to the top plate with two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws through the fixing bracket at each heel connection into the side of the top plates.

STEP 5: Permanently brace the girder truss. This is necessary because the girder truss can not be allowed to roll over under load.

STEP 6: Fix incoming bridge trusses to the girder truss with two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws through the trim angle bracket at the end of the bridge truss, into the angle lintel seat on the bottom chord of the girder truss.



Drawing No. 015

27

3.9 COMMON ROOF BLOCK CONSTRUCTION








STEP 3: Install remaining trusses in their set-out positions and secure using two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws through the fixing bracket at each heel connection into the side of the top plates. Temporarily brace as close as possible to the apex of each truss to plumb and straighten.

NOTE: To keep trusses in-line, simply maintain a straight line at the apex of all trusses this can be done using a string line. Alternatively, run a string line along a common point on the trusses.

NOTE: When all trusses are erected, install wind bracing as specified in Section 3.12 Roof Bracing Requirements

3.10 SADDLE TRUSS CONSTRUCTION






STEP 2: Fix a string line along the ridge line of your roof and down the valley lines to aid in the positioning of saddle trusses.

STEP 3: Position the largest saddle truss keeping it parallel to the edge of the main roof. With the open face of the bottom chord facing down the slope and the webs facing up the slope, adjust the truss positions so that the long points of the foot cut line up with the valley string lines.

STEP 4: When the saddle truss is standing plumb, the apex line should line up with the apex string line.

STEP 5: Fix the bottom chord of the saddle trusses to the top chord of the underlying truss with two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws at each intersection.

STEP 6: Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 for subsequent saddle trusses until the saddle block is complete.

STEP 7: Temporarily brace the apex of the saddle trusses.

NOTE: The smallest saddle truss will require a trimmer to be installed below it for extra support.


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3.11 CEILING BATTENS, PLASTER ANGLES & HITCH BRACKETS

Steel Frame Solutions specifies that the ceiling battens must be fitted immediately after the roof trusses have been installed. By fixing the ceiling battens at this stage the roof trusses will be laterally restrained without the need of bottom chord ties.

STEP 1: When all trusses are erected, install ceiling battens to the underside of the bottom chords. Ceiling battens can be spaced at 600mm centres or 450mm centres depending on the type of plasterboard that will be used for the ceiling (check the specifications).

NOTE: Steel Frame Solutions supply ceiling battens to suit 450mm centres unless specified.

STEP 2: Fix the ceiling battens with two #10-16x16mm hex head tek screws, one into each flange of the batten into the bottom chord of the truss.

STEP 3: Plaster angle must be used at the intersection of the ceiling batten/load bearing wall junction to support the ends of the ceiling battens.


STEP 4: When all trusses and ceiling battens are complete, install internal wall (hitch) brackets. Hitch brackets are designed to provide lateral support to internal walls whilst allowing vertical movement of the roof structure.

Any vertical movement of the roof structure will cause the bracket to bend at the flexible joint. This allows the hitch bracket to be rigidly fixed to both the truss chord or ceiling batten and the top wall plate.

Hitch brackets must be fixed at a maximum of 1200mm centres. Hook the hitch brackets over the top of the ceiling battens and clip it back into position.

STEP 5: Fix one #10-16x16mm hex head tek screw down through the top of the bracket and into the top of the ceiling batten to stop the bracket sliding.

STEP 6: Bend the bracket down to the top plate of the internal wall and fix two #10-16x16mm hex head tek screws through the foot of the bracket into the top plate.


STEP 7: Install hitch brackets to the bottom chord of trusses at a maximum of 1200mm centres. Fix two #10-16x16mm hex head tek screws into the side of the flat face of the bottom chord.

STEP 8: Now fix two #10-16x16mm hex head tek screws through the foot of the bracket into the top plate.



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Drawing No. 016

30


Drawing No. 017

31

3.12 ROOF BRACING REQUIREMENTS

The permitted form of roof bracing for the Steel Frame Solutions roof system is standard speed bracing or hoop iron bracing as used in timber construction. For a tile roof, bracing provides roof stability during construction and on completion. For sheet roof, bracing will only stabilise the roof during construction as the roof sheeting may be considered as permanent bracing upon completion. The number of braced roof panels depends on the truss span, roof length and roof pitch. Bracing is generally not required for a hip area due to the use of the hip rafter for tiled roofing and the use of a double roof batten on sheet roofing.

Brace fixing must be conducted according to the appropriate construction requirements within the Australian Standards.

NOTE: The gable roof (standard truss) area should be braced using its corresponding length.

Refer to Drawing No. 018 for roof brace usage and fixing details.


Drawing No. 018

32


Drawing No. 019

Refer to Drawing No. 019 for standard bracing patterns based on roof span.

NOTE: All cut-off trusses with vertical end webs not intersecting another truss will need end web bracing similar to the top chord bracing. Diagonal bracing from the top chord to the supporting structure should be provided at each end of each run of trusses.

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3.13 ROOF BATTENS & SPACINGS

Steel Frame Solutions supply the roof battens for sheet roofing, however the tile supplier will generally supply and fix the battens for tile roofing.

The bracing of top chords is achieved via the overlying roof battens. Not more than one third of the battens should be spliced at a single truss, nor should any two splices be adjacent at the same truss.

NOTE: Areas in the vicinity of the ends of gable roofs must be as free of splices as is practical.

STEP 1: Roof batten spacing is calculated on the sheet profile and length. The number of supports per sheet are usually defined in sheet manufacturer’s tables. Steel Frame Solutions recommend a standard sheet roof batten spacing of 900mm centres.

STEP 2: Fix roof battens to trusses using #10-16x16mm hex head tek screws, to both batten flanges at each truss.

NOTE: For sheet roofing fix a Topspan 40 roof batten each side of the line formed from the intersection of the jack rafters and the chords of the truncated trusses to finish the hip roof line. Use two #12-14x20mm hex head tek screws at each intersection.

3.14 VALLEY TRAY, VALLEY BOARDS & FASCIA

Steel Frame Solutions recommends and supplies valley tray when sheet roofing is specified and valley boards

when tile roofing is specified.

Valley TrayValley tray provides a quick, reliable method of constructing a valley on steel framed roofs. It provides a safe, secure platform for fixing battens during roof construction. Valley tray is a custom cut sheet of Spandek HI-TEN roof sheeting that is fitted, cut and fixed on-site at the valley lines. It is only used to support a valley gutter in sheet roof construction when Topspan 40 roof battens are used. Fix valley tray to roof trusses using one #10-16x16mm wafer head tek screw at each intersection.

Valley BoardsValley boards provide a quick, reliable method of constructing a valley on steel framed roofs. It provides a safe, secure platform for fixing battens during roof construction. Valley boards are 190mm x 38mm pine and they are fitted, cut and fixed on-site at the valley lines. Valley boards are only used to support a valley gutter in tile roof construction. Fix valley boards to roof trusses using one #10-24x60mm countersinking (CSK) head tek screw at each intersection.

FasciaFascia is fitted to the brackets according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Generally the fascia brackets are fixed to the truss overhang (top chord) using two #10-16x16mm hex head tek screws.

To ensure a straight gutter line, install the two end fascia brackets first, then extend a string line between the two end brackets and fix intermediate brackets to the string line. On long runs, install a central bracket to prevent the string from sagging. Install the fascia to the brackets, with corners and joints as required.


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4.1 INSTALLATION OF SERVICES

The installation of plumbing and electrical services is greatly simplified using pre-fabricated wall frames with pre-punched service holes. Steel Frame Solutions supply different grommets for plumbing and electrical services and must to be installed where required by the appropriate tradesperson.

Split-ring grommets can be fitted over piping or cable work into the service hole. Generally, electrical grommets are installed before wiring to protect cables from the sharp edges of the service hole, and plumbing grommets are installed after piping to prevent heat damage to the nylon component. Grommets prevent noise from water hammer and isolate copper pipes from the steel frame. When using plastic pipes use electrical grommets.

Plumbing ServicesIn steel framing plumbing and gas service pipes are generally installed by passing them through the service holes. In brick veneer construction the pipes often run within the wall cavity. Piping within the cavity must have a 25mm clearance between it and the inside face of the brick veneer walling.

Where the pipe work is located outside the frame line, and supported by it, an inert saddle clamp is to be used on unlagged pipe work. Lagged pipe work may be secured with standard metal saddle clamps of a material that will not cause or be propagator of galvanic corrosion.

It is important to note that cold water lines can become cold enough for condensation to form, this condensation can cause corrosion.

Copper and copper alloy pipes and fittings must not come into contact with materials that will cause galvanic corrosion. Pipes and fittings must be kept separated from the steel framing by the insertion or addition of an inert material such as plastic or rubber. This includes the installation of fittings onto steel noggins.

CAUTION: CCA treated timbers are corrosive to steel. Do not fix in direct contact with steel frames. The use of oxyacetylene requires care so as not to deform and strip coating from steel framework.

Electrical ServicesElectrical cables are generally installed in steel frames by passing them through the pre-punched service holes in standard studs and plates. To prevent damage to insulation, electrical grommets must first be inserted in service holes to be used for cabling. In brick veneer construction the cables may be run within the wall cavity. Where the cable work is located outside the frame line and supported by it, a cable clip may be used. Metal cable clips must be made of a material that will not cause or be the propagator of galvanic corrosion. Alternatively, cables can be held against studs, wall plates or truss chords by plastic cable ties.

Power point and switch brackets are attached to the studs with two #10-16x16mm wafer head tek screws.

Communication ServicesCommunication cables are installed in the same manner as electrical cables. Care should be taken to ensure that the cabling is not draped over or passed through areas that may have sharp edges.

NOTE: Steel frames must be permanently earthed in accordance with the local electricity supply authority requirements.

For information regarding site modification for services refer to Section 5.1 On-Site Frame Modification

SECTION 4 PREPARING FOR FIT-OUT

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4.2 EXTERNAL DOORS & WINDOWS

Installation of external doors and windows in a Steel Frame Solutions frame is basically done the same way as for timber construction. External doors and window frames should be installed in openings using packers.This allows the frames to be squared and plumbed as required. Attach frames to single studs with #6-20x50mm CSK head tek screws.



Drawing No. 020

It is common practice that frame erectors install external windows, sliding doors, and door jambs in position.

NOTE: Windows may require adjusting after brickwork is in position.

36

4.3 BRICK TIES & DAMP PROOF COURSE

Masonry or brick veneer cladding is laid as a single-leaf skin independent of the wall frame but tied laterally to it. It is set on reinforced concrete slabs or footings, depending on the type of floor construction. An appearance of masonry construction is made, however the building relies on the Steel Frame Solutions wall framing for its strength.

Brick ties are used to secure a non load-bearing brick veneer to a load-bearing frame. Install brick ties as per AS 3700 SAA Masonry Code, generally this is at every fourth course, to every stud at the sides of openings and every second stud in the main body of the brickwork.

Damp proofing or flashing is a strip or sleeve of impervious material dressed and fitted to provide a barrier to moisture movement. Flashing material extends from the bottom of a wall frame into the cavity and is built into the brickwork.

Damp proofing and flashing is fixed to steel studs using #10-16x16mm hex head tek screws. The damp proof course (DPC) at floor level and flashing around openings is then built into the masonry or brick veneer.

Refer to Drawing No. 021 for brick tie, fixing procedure and DPC procedures.


Drawing No. 021

NOTE: Lead damp proof coursing and lead flashing must not be used with Zincalume steel products. Aluminium core and polyethylene flashing and DPC are the recommended materials.

NOTE: All mortar droppings should be removed from the cavity, brick ties, damp proofing and flashing. All metal surfaces must be protected during any acid wash cleaning of brickwork. Water containing acidic salts for high pressure water jet cleaning must not be used. The protective Zincalume coating of steel framing will be etched away by contact with any acidic solution.

Failure to comply will negate the structural design warranties of the framing system.

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4.4 EXTERNAL CLADDINGS

Steel Frame Solutions building frame construction is suited to most external cladding materials. Cladding boards and sheets are normally laid horizontally and are fixed directly to the studs. Where vertically laid cladding is to be installed, wall plate blocking pieces are to be screw fastened to the studs at centres specified by the cladding manufacturer.

Fibre cement and hardboard planks can be fixed to the frame system with #8-16x35mm CSK head tek screws.

Fibre cement and hardboard sheets can be fixed to the frame system with #8-16x20mm CSK head tek screws.

Steel cladding profiles must be fixed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. Brackets and clips where required should be fixed using #10-16x16mm hex head tek screws or #10-16x16mm wafer head tek screws where the fastener head fouls the panel.

NOTE: Any CCA treated claddings must not come in direct contact with the steel frames because of corrosion problems. Isolate such claddings with an approved building membrane.

Weatherboard ExampleSTEP 1: Fix flashing at external and internal corners, heads, sills and the sides of openings as required. Fix a strip of cover moulding or 45mm x 9mm timber around the bottom edge of the building, to pack out the first plank.

STEP 2: Fix a string line around the building to establish the top of the first plank. Starting from an external corner, fix the first plank at each stud, flush to the corner and the string line.

STEP 3: Fix a joiner to the free end of the plank and continue to fix the bottom row of planks fitting joiners as required.

STEP 4: Internal corners of planks are normally butted to a timber stop. Pre-formed metal or plastic external corners are normally filled with a recommended adhesive and pushed in position.

STEP 5: Measure the wall height, then calculate the board overlap and number of boards to cover the wall. Taking into account the lap required, fabricate two lap gauges from timber and tack to the first plank, to enable the second plank to be accurately aligned.

STEP 6: Starting from an external corner, start with an off cut plank to stagger the joints and fix in position. Fix joiner in position, move lap gauges to the second plank position and fit the following plank. Finish the course in the same manner, fixing corners as required. Follow this method for remaining courses.

Sheetboard ExampleSTEP 1: Fix flashing at external and internal corners, heads, sills and the sides of openings as required. Set a string line along the bottom edge to ensure correct alignment of sheets. Starting from a corner, position the first sheet, align correctly and fix in position using #8-16x20mm CSK head tek screws.

STEP 2: Screw heads should finish 1/4mm below the sheet surface, so that the holes may be filled and sanded flush if required. They should not be over tightened, as damage to sheet may occur.

STEP 3: Fix vertical and horizontal joints and all corners to manufacturer’s specifications.

NOTE: When fixing external linings to studs, screws must be fixed as close as possible to the web side of the studs to ensure the screws will engage correctly.


38

4.5 PLASTERBOARD WALL & CEILING LININGS

It is important that wall surfaces to be lined are free of protrusions including hex head tek screws (wafer head screws are recommended). Where plumbing components protrude or where access is required to power point or switch brackets, holes should be made in the lining prior to installation. It is helpful to mark stud positions on the floor prior to lining.

Plasterboard Wall LiningsPlasterboard wall lining is attached to steel frames by an adhesive and #6-20x25mm bugle head, drill point screws which seat in the lining without damaging the surface. Make sure that the adhesive used is recommended by the manufacturer, and that the adhesive ‘walnuts’ are spaced at least 200mm from the fastening points. Adhesive should not be placed where screws are, or at butt joints or corners.

The lining sheets must be laid horizontally, with the recessed edge running perpendicularly to the studs. Fix the bottom lining sheets first allowing a minimum gap of 5mm–10mm between the bottom edge and the floor. Press the sheet firmly against the studs and fasten along the top recessed edge at every stud. Then fasten along the bottom recessed edge at every stud and along the centreline of the sheet at every second stud. Finally, attach the ends of the sheet at butt joints and internal or external corners at centres recommended by the lining manufacturer. Fix around openings as recommended by the lining manufacturer.

Refer to installation manuals from lining manufacturers for more comprehensive installation details.

Plasterboard Ceiling LiningsPlasterboard ceiling lining is attached to steel ceiling battens by an adhesive and #6-18x30mm bugle head, needle point screws which seat in the lining without damaging the surface. Make sure that the adhesive used is recommended by the manufacturer, and that the adhesive ‘walnuts’ are spaced at least 200mm from the fastening points. Adhesive should not be placed where screws are, or at butt joints.

Apply ceiling sheets with recessed edges at right angles to the ceiling battens. Press the sheet firmly against the ceiling battens and fasten one recessed edge of the sheet to the batten, then along the centre of the sheet, fixing one screw at each batten. Butt join sheets to manufacturer’s specifications and screw fix the ends of the sheets around openings as required.

Refer to installation manuals from lining manufacturers for more comprehensive installation details.

4.6 INTERNAL DOOR JAMBS, ARCHITRAVES & SKIRTING BOARDS

Installation of internal door jambs, architraves and skirting boards in a Steel Frame Solutions frame is basically done the same way as for timber construction. Internal door jambs should be installed in openings using packers. This allows the frames to be squared and plumbed as required.

Internal door jambsInternal door jambs are to be fixed to steel jamb studs using #6-20x50mm CSK head tek screws.

ArchitravesArchitraves are to be fixed to steel jamb studs using #6-20x50mm CSK head tek screws. The architraves are to be nailed to the door jamb or window reveals as per timber construction.

Skirting BoardsSkirting boards are recommended to be screwed to steel framing using #6-20x50mm CSK head tek screws. When using wide skirting it is recommended to use Masonite packers behind the bottom edge of the skirting

board, this will ensure a tight fit against the wall lining at the top of the skirting board.

Refer to previous Drawing No. 020 in Section 4.2


39

5.1 ON-SITE FRAME MODIFICATIONS

On-site modifications to frames are sometimes necessary due to both fabricating errors, floor construction variation and customer specified variations. Generally this will involve extending or shortening individual wall panels by splicing or cutting the plates, then connecting using suitable screws. Particular attention is drawn to the structural adequacy of the modification. Advice must be sought from Steel Frame Solutions where structural integrity may be impaired.


The installation of services should not require any frame modifications. Care must be taken to ensure the installation of services does not affect the structural integrity of the building. The framing must not be notched, drilled or pierced in any way other than that shown in this manual or within the documentation in the form of specifications and drawings provided for the project.

Where additional holes are required, they must be cleanly punched or drilled on the centreline of the web of the steel member. Under no circumstances shall the flanges of any structural member be cut away to allow services to pass, nor may holes be cut with an oxy-torch, chisel or similar implement.


SECTION 5 GENERAL INFORMATION

40

5.2 FASTENING DESCRIPTIONS

Refer to the following Fastening description and uses for all screws required for erecting and finishing a Steel Frame Solutions frame system.

Point TypeFor fastening through steel up to 0.8mm thick an s-point or needle point is best. These have a sharp point with a flat side that partly extrudes the metal around the hole as they drill and increase the grip of the screw.

For fastenings through steel from 1.0mm up to 5.0mm thick a drill point is used because it acts like a twist drill.

For drilling through metal up to 1.2mm thick and into timber a screw point is used. The screw point is a large blunt s-point which has been hardened.

For drilling through thick steel up to 12.5mm thick an enlarged drill point is best while wing cutters are used to fix thick sheets to steel. The wings cut a wider hole through the sheet material then break off when they come into contact with the steel.

Thread TypesThere are two types of threads:

• Course

• Fine

Course thread screws are used for fixing through or into thin metals up to 2.5mm thick and into timber and board products. The course threads allow a more secure grip to be obtained without stripping.

Fine thread screws are used for fixing into thick metals. The fine thread has an easier action for cutting into metal.

FinishesScrews come in a range of metal bases and surface finishes. The base and finish chosen will depend upon:

• The material being fixed

• Surface finish required

• Environmental conditions

• Manufacturers specification

It is best to ensure that the finish is compatible with the metal it is fixing through and to.

Refer to Drawing No. 022 for general screw specifications.

NOTE: Minimum coating for framing screws is to comply with AS 3566 Class 3.


41

Uses

Flush fixing screw where flush surface finish is required, e.g. Plasterboard corner angles.

General non-structural fixing screw.Uses: wall connectors, roof battens etc.

Structural fixing screw, tiles roof truss fixing, girder/truss heel bracket fixing, roof batttens.

Structural fixing screw low wind area.Sheet roof truss fixing, rafter beam fixing and high load sheet connections.

Fixing wall bottom plate to steel joints.

Used for fixing steel brackets or joists to heavy gauge beams up to 12mm thickness.

For fixing timber batten or timber to steel.Timber thickness range 25-30mm.

Timber floor to steel joists fixing.General timber to steel.Timber thickness range 30mm.

Used on Hardiplank. Weathertex and assorted timber claddings to steel stud work. (Use stainless steel for cedar).

Architraves, reveals and skirtings.General finishing and fixing timber screw.

Architraves, reveals and skirtings.General finishing and fixing timber screw.

Plasterboard fixing to ceiling battens.

Plasterboard fixing to wall frame studs.

Fibrous cement fixing screw (wet areas).

Description

10-16x16mm Tek

10-16x16mm Tek

12-14x20mm Tek

14-10x20mm Tek

12-14x45mm Tek

12-24x32mm Hex series 500

10-24x75mm CSK Wing Tek

10-16x45mm CSK Tek

8-18x35mm SEH Wing Tek

6-20x50mm CSK Wing Tek

6-20x65mm CSK Tek

6-18x30mm Bugle Needle Pt

6-20x25mm Bugle Drill Pt.

8-18x25 SEHExtended point Tek

SCREW TYPES & DESCRIPTIONS


Drawing No. 022

VictoriaPhone: (03) 5338 4800 Email: [email protected]

9 Caravan Street, Wendouree 3355 PO Box 1216W, Wendouree Village. Victoria 3355

South AustraliaPhone: (08) 8285 3811 Email: [email protected]

11 Ceafield Road, Para Hills West. SA 5096

BCA/SFS021

dboyer

Cross-Out

guidelines for general installation

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