Guided Reading Activity Answers

THE ROAD TO WORLD WAR I –

PART ONE

when a stronger, more powerful nation takes over a weaker nation

Back before WWI – many European countries were wanting to spread out and take over each other!

1. IMPERIALISM

Militarism

NATURALLY, Imperialism is not possible without a strong military – duh! It’s like going to play baseball without your bat or even dance without your tap shoes (or insert any other obscure analogy here) – it’s just not possible

2. WHAT OTHER FACTOR?

Competition, control, power

Isn’t this what we all want? What else encourages militarism?

3. WHY DID NATIONS ENGAGE IN MILITARISM?

pride in one’s nation or ethnic group.

But SOMETIMES too strong of a nationalism can be bad, no?

Any examples of having TOO much loyalty or TOO much pride?

4. WHAT IS NATIONALISM?

The Austro-Hungarian empire suff ered because of too much nationalism. In the empire, there were Austrians, Magyars, Bosnians, Serbians, Rumanians, Croats, and a host of other ethnic and national groups who wanted self-government, or their own national governments. Too many countries in this small area!

THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE

The Balkan Peninsula

This area – known as the Balkans – had all of these little countries with VERY prideful people. We don’t have this problem geographically in the U.S. Why?

5. AREA IN EUROPE?

The Balkan peninsula, consist ing of Greece, Albania, Serbia, and a plethora of other national groups who sought self-government and independence, was considered the “powder keg” of Europe. Many people bel ieved these groups would someday fi ght for independence from colonial rulers.

THE BALKAN PENINSULA

defensive agreements between nations in which one pledged to defend the others in the alliance if they were attacked

Remember back to our warm-up from the other day – what are the good of an alliance? Bad?

6. WHAT IS AN ALLIANCE?

Not only did military alliances cause smaller wars to erupt into much larger confl icts rapidly, but also, they led to confusion. Nations became involved with wars which often had little to do with their own national security or interests. This ever happen to you? Get involved in drama that you had nothing to do with?!

MILITARY ALLIANCES

MILITARISM - need more power and control!

ALLIANCE SYSTEMS – let’s create a network

so we are bigger and stronger!

IMPERIALISM – need more land and resources

NATIONALISM – our country is the bestest!

Like my silly little pneumonic device?

THE M.A.I.N. CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I

GermanyItalyAustria-Hungary

I PROMISE I did NOT mess this up! They are called the “alliance” (although my WWII nerds are like no no no) because they formed first. Therefore, they got to keep the cool name!

7. THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE

The three nations in the Triple Al l iance were:

Germany

Austria-Hungary

I taly

NOTE: Italy had promised to protect Germany only against French invasion, and did not join the war eff ort against England and Russia.

THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE

FranceGreat BritainRussia

So, in response to the “triple alliance”, these nations form the entente which, in French, means “agreement”

7. THE TRIPLE ENTENTE

Archduke (heir to the throne) Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary (and his wife) were assassinated (KILLED)

It’d be like someone killing our VP – that’s just NOT cool

8. THE SPARK TO START THE WAR

During a parade in Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary

9. WHERE DID THE SPARK TAKE PLACE?

Gavrilo Princip

This CRAZY Serbian man, and member of a rebel group The Black hands, murdered Ferdinand. But Austria-Hungary is NOT happy – who do you think they blamed?

10. WHO WAS THE KILLER?

Gavrilo Princip, pictured to the left, murdered the Archduke of Austria-Hungary. The Austro-Hungarian Empire, led by Emperor Franz Joseph soon sent a list of demands (ultimatums) to Serbia – most of which were impossible to satisfy – and threatened to declare war on Serbia if they were not met.

Little did Austria-Hungary know that tiny Serbia had signed a secret treaty – a defense alliance – with Russia, the most populous and one of the most powerful nations in all of Europe. The war would expand rapidly from here.

WAR BETWEEN AUSTRIA AND SERBIA

1. Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia

2. Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary. (Secret Alliance with Serbia)

3. Germany declared war on Russia 4. France declared war on Germany5. England declared war on Germany6. Italy – divided – begins to fight France

but then quits the war – only to later support the Allies. . .

11. WHAT NATION DECLARED WAR?

The Allied Powers

(and pretty much stays the Allied powers in WWII – almost!)

And don’t ask me why they changed names! To confuse us 100 years later – that’s why

12. TRIPLE ENTENTE BECOMES . . . ?

The Central Powers

(later becomes the Axis Powers in WWII - for my NERDS)

13. TRIPLE ALLIANCE BECOMES . . . ?

Stalemate

Like in chess . . . Or is that checkmate?

Known as “no man’s land” this area was fought on the duration of the war. Which, might explain the high number of deaths and destruction in this part of Europe!

14. WHAT IS A DEADLOCK?

Fighting from a dug-out ditch

15. WHAT IS TRENCH WARFARE?

TRENCH FOOT

AirplanesTanksZeppelins (kind of like blimps)Poison GasGas MasksU-Boats (German submarines)Machine Guns

16. NEW WEAPONS IN THE WAR?

The U-Boat(German Submarine) The Zeppelin

MURDEROUS WEAPONS OF WW I

Biplanes Tanks

MURDEROUS WEAPONS OF WW I

Chlorine gas and other forms of poison gas were fi rst used by the Germans at the Battle of Ypres in France. The weapon was perhaps the most feared of the entire war, because of the gruesome and painful deaths caused by the chemicals – soldiers who inhaled the poison gas would suff er chemical burns of the lungs, then slowly drown as their lungs fi l led up with mucus and fl uids.

CHLORINE GAS

Horses were used during World War I in many capacit ies, and were sti l l rel ied upon heavi ly by cavalry units, supply carriers and ambulance services. They dragged heavy guns into posit ion, moved men and equipment, and l i teral ly saved l ives. Hence, they needed to be protected, too!

GAS MASKS

THE MACHINE GUN

Stay neutral

Why not, right? I mean – what do we have to do with this war? What did anyone but Serbia and AH have to do with the war?

This is easy to do – stay neutral, right?

Umm . . .? ? ?

17. PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON SAYS:

Guided Reading Activity Answers

THE ROAD TO WORLD WAR I –

PART TWO

President Wi lson asked Americans to stay neutral in mind as wel l as in act ion. By fol lowing a “str ict and impart ia l neutral i ty,” Americans would be able to stay out of the war and remain unifi ed. Many Americans feared that the mi l l ions of German-American immigrants in our country could prove dis loyal .

PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON

18. WHICH AMERICANS HELD INTEREST IN THE WAR?

information designed to make people feel passionately about a cause

19. WHAT IS PROPAGANDA?

Propaganda was produced in the United States by an organization known as the Committee on Public Information. Joseph Creel was the leader of the group. Propaganda, in general, is information designed to make people feel passionately about a cause – often using incomplete, exaggerated, or dubious information.

PROPAGANDA

Anti-German Propaganda: Freedom of the Seas:

WORLD WAR I: AMERICAN NEUTRALITY

BOTH – gotta make that money! But they MAINLY traded with the Allies

20. WHAT SIDE DID BUSINESSMEN WANT?

U-Boats

Using their U-boats, Germany established a blockade around all of England to prevent trade between the US and England. They sank any trade vessels they could. English naval vessels, in turn, prevented any trade between the United States and Germany.

21. WHAT HELPED THE BLOCKADE?

Lusitania

22. WHAT BRITISH SHIP WAS SUNK?

AMERICAN PROPAGANDA MAKERS USED THE SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA TO ENCOURAGE

THE WAR EFFORT.

“He Kept Us Out of War.”

23. WILSON MAINTAINS U.S. NEUTRALITY

Attack the United States!

24. WHAT DID GERMANY SAY TO MEXICO?

They will get their land back that the US stole!

In the Zimmermann Telegram, German Secretary of State Arthur Zimmermann suggested that Mexico should attack the United States. His hope was that if the US was occupied at home by a domestic war, they could not enter the war with Germany. In return, Zimmerman promised, they would help Mexico win back the land it had ceded to the United States – New Mexico, Texas and Arizona.

25. HOW WILL THIS BENEFIT MEXICO?

Russia In March 1917, the Tsar Nicholas

II and the Romanov dynasty was overthrown by Revolution. This was a good thing for the US because we didn’t like him – he fought democratic values, and the US wanted to spread democracy. The fall of the Tsar made it easier for the US to enter the war on the alliance with Russia. By joining the war we would not be siding with a tyrant – he was gone! Wilson said we would be joining other democracies to fi ght tyranny! (sounds good, doesn’t it?!)

26. WHAT NATION UNDERWENT A REVOLUTION?

Freedom of the SeasA War To End all WarA War to Make the World Safe for Democracy

Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to declare war against the Central Powers in April of 1917, immediately after the Tsar had been overthrown and replaced by the democratically elected Duma. Wilson gave the United States several reasons to fi ght in World War I:

World War I would be a war for “Freedom of the Seas.”World War I would be “A War To End all War.”World War I would be “A War to Make the World Safe for Democracy.”

Since Russia was now democratic as well, all of the All ies – Great Britain, France, Russia, and now the United States – were democratic governments.

27. WHAT WERE WILSON’S GOALS?