unit 10 world war ii and the cold war- answers

Unit 10World War II and the Cold War- Answers

Complete the Guided Reading as you view the Power Point.

Objective 10.01: Elaborate on the causes of World War II and reasons for the United States’ entry into the war.

Essential Questions: • What factors combined to draw the world

and ultimately the U. S. into World War II? • Was US involvement in the World War II

inevitable? • Were the reasons for the US’s entry into

the World War II justifiable?

Unit 10:

Causes of World War

II

Groundwork For War: After WWI Europe suffered effects from a worldwide

depression People got angry in all nations and began to voice their

opinions Totalitarian governments began to rise to power Totalitarian: government where personal freedoms are

restricted and political opposition is prohibited Why is it important? Germany: Adolf Hitler took power Italy: Benito Mussolini took power

◦ Supported fascism: government where the state is more important than the people- controls economy, suppresses opposition, and has a dictator

Mussolini wanted to build an Italian empire like the ancient Romans

He planned to do it through strict government controls and a strong military

He was supported by people who feared the spread of Communism

1922 Italy’s Constitutional Monarchy was in trouble

Why is it important? Mussolini took control as a dictator and

eliminated his political opposition

Hitler and Mussolini:

Germany was blamed for WWI This caused the country great embarrassment

and anger Adolf Hitler took advantage of people’s fears and

anger and convinced the people of Germany that if given the chance he could restore Germany to the great power it was before WWI and take revenge on those that had hurt Germany

Hitler blamed Jews, the betrayal of the German Republic, and Germany’s enemies in WWI for the nation’s troubles


Why is it important? 1933 Hitler and the Nazis took power Disposed of all opposition Called himself the Fuhrer (leader) Called his new government the Third Reich Envisioned a German empire that would

rule the world


Japan gave suffrage to males and elected Emperor Hirohito

Japan suffered from the worldwide depression after WWI

As an island it had limited natural resources Leaders saw territorial expansion as the

answer to gaining more resources 1931 Japan’s army occupied the Chinese

province of Manchuria Japan’s democratic government divided and

later collapsed- military leaders took control

Japan:

To continue the policy of isolationism the U.S. signed the Kellogg-Brand Pact: promised to negotiate rather than go to war over future conflicts- signed by more than 60 countries

Problem: no way to enforce the Pact Germany, Italy, and Japan disregarded the

Pact and invaded other countries

Attempts at peace and Acts of Aggression:

1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia League of Nations condemned the invasion League imposed economic sanctions on

Italy- (economic penalties) Hitler offered to help Italy Why is it important? The League didn’t force Italy out of Africa Germany and Italy were now partners

Mussolini Invades Ethiopia:

1936 Hitler moved his troops into the Rhineland in direct violation of the Treaty of Versailles

Britain and France did nothing to stop him because they were trying to avoid another war

March 1938 Hitler annexed Austria into Germany

Again no countries tried to stop him September 1938 Hitler demanded to annex the

western region of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland because 3.5 million Germans lived there

Hitler Desires to Expand His Borders:

British Prime Minister: Neville Chamberlain Britain and France chose to follow a policy of

appeasement when dealing with Germany’s actions

Appeasement: policy of giving into an aggressors demands in hopes that he/she will become satisfied and future conflicts will be avoided

Great Britain and France signed the Munich Pact allowing Germany to take the Sudetenland

Hitler agreed not to take over anymore land

The Munich and Non-Aggression Pacts:

Why is it important? Britain and France believed Hitler Chamberlain’s opponent in the British

Parliament, Winston Churchill, disagreed with the Munich Pact

Churchill said it would lead to war


Hitler signed the Munich Pact “with his fingers crossed”- already had plans to invade and conquer the Soviet Union

Hitler wanted the Soviet territory as lebensraum: living space

He wanted to expand the German territory for the empire he was planning to build

Hitler learned from WWI that fighting the Russian on the East and the French on the West would be costly

1939 he signed a Non-Aggression Pact with the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin


Why is it important? Germany and the Soviet Union agreed not

to invade to attack each other Hitler hoped this would give him time to

invade France Stalin knew Hitler would not keep his

promise, but he hoped the pact would give him time to prepare for a German invasion


After Japan invaded Manchuria the League of nations demanded they withdraw

Japan instead withdrew from the League of Nations

The League could not stop international aggression so China agreed to sign a treaty with Japan that gave them Manchuria

1937 Japan began trying to take the rest of China

1938 Japan had captured all the major cities of the Chinese coast

Japanese Aggression:

1940 Germany, Italy, and Japan became allies with one another and formed the Axis Powers

Japanese Aggression:

The U.S. continued to practice isolationism: policy to keep the nation out of international disputes

Due to the devastation of WWI and the Great Depression most people in the U.S. wanted the government of stay out of foreign affairs and concentrate on the people of this nation

1935 Congress passed the Neutrality Act: prohibited the selling of weapons to warring nations

The U.S. Remains Neutral:

President Roosevelt (FDR) knew the danger of aggressive nations and the threat they posed to the U.S.

1937 FDR gave his Quarantine Speech: called for economic and diplomatic sanctions against aggressive nations

Although we were neutral this meant we would be taking actions against other nations

Strong believers in isolationism disagreed with the speech because they saw it as a way for FDR to take sides against Germany and Italy

The U.S. Remains Neutral:

Objective 10.02: Identify military, political, and diplomatic turning points of the war and determine their significance to the outcome and

aftermath of the conflict. Essential Questions: • To what extent did the military, political, and

diplomatic turning points of World War II determine the outcome and aftermath of the

war? • How were America and the world different because of

the events of World War II? • What changes to society resulted from the treatment

of various groups of people during World War II?

Unit 10:

The World Goes to War

The War in Europe: Hitler broke his promise of the Munich Pact and

invaded Czechoslovakia September 1, 1939 Hitler invaded Poland Hitler invaded by using the tactic of blitzkrieg:

lightening warfare In less than a month most of Poland was under Nazi

control Germany and the Soviet Union secretly agreed in

the Non-Aggression Pact to invade Poland together

Stalin and the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east and controlled the other half

Why is it important? Great Britain and France told Poland they

would come to their defense if Germany attacked

September 3, 1939 Great Britain and France declared war on Germany

World War II had begun in Europe!!!

The War in Europe:

May 1940 Chamberlain resigned from office Winston Churchill became the new British Prime

Minister Germany quickly moved toward France capturing

countries in its path June 1914 France surrendered to Germany Hitler forced France to sign a treaty that gave control

of half of France to Germany and control of the other half to a French Pro-German government

To humiliate France as payback for WWI, Hitler forced France to sign the agreement in the same train car used to sign the Treaty of Versailles

The Fall of France:

Originally Hitler did not want a war with great Britain because he did not need the territory to achieve his “living space” for his new empire

When he realized Britain would not make peace with Germany, Hitler to try to defeat them too

At this point Britain was alone to fight Germany with France defeated, and the U.S. isolated

The Battle of Britain:

Hitler planned to destroy Britain’s Royal Air Force before he crossed the English Channel to invade Britain

Battle of Britain: thousands of German planes bombed British airfields and cities nightly from July to October

Although their cities were bombed every night Churchill led the nation to stand strong against the attacks and continue to live their lives

The Royal Air Force held off the German invasion Why is it important? Proved Hitler could be defeated

The Battle of Britain:

Battle of Britain

Discovery Education Videos:

Keep Calm and Carry On

The United States Enters the War:

1940 FDR was elected to a 3rd term as president FDR knew the U.S. couldn’t stay neutral for much

longer March 1941 Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act:

allowed the president to send aid to any nation who defense was believed to be important to the security of the U.S

August 1941 FDR met with Prime Minister Chruchill to write the Atlantic Charter: agreement on common principles aimed at guaranteeing the freedom and welfare of countries after the war◦ Eventually served as the foundation of the United Nations

The U.S. imposed an embargo on Japan and refused to ship oil and steel

Japan decided to take what they needed by force

After conquering Manchuria and much of China General Tojo Hidcki decided to take the natural resources from Southeast Asia and the Dutch East Indies

Pearl Harbor:

The U.S. had a naval fleet (ships) stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Admiral Yamamoto of Japan developed a plan to attack the U.S. naval fleet by surprise

The U.S. knew Japan had a plan to attack, they just didn’t know where- they thought it would be in the Philippines, not Hawaii

Japan attacked Pearl harbor Hawaii at 8:00 a.m. Sunday December 7, 1941

In less than 2 hours Japan had sunk over 12 ship and warplanes

Over 3,000 people were killed

Pearl Harbor:

Why is it important? President Roosevelt described it as “a day

that will live in infamy…” Congress approved a declaration of war on

December 8, 1941 The U.S. was now in World War II British Prime Minister Churchill was excited

we joined the War Japanese Admiral Yamamoto was afraid they

had “awakened a sleeping giant”

Pearl Harbor:

FDR declared 4 Freedoms he believed to be essential and reasons the U.S. would be fighting in WWII1. Freedom of Speech and Expression2. Freedom of every person to worship God in his own way3. Freedom from Want4. Freedom from Fear

Four Freedoms:

Major Military, Political, and Diplomatic

Turning Points of the War

North Africa and Italy: Three days after Pearl harbor Germany and

Italy declared war on the U.S. Germany had attacked the Soviet Union Stalin wanted the U.S. and Britain to attack

Germany in France to force Germany to divide its attention between two fronts (Soviet Union on the East and France on the West)

FDR and Churchill did not think the Allies were ready to defend France so they focused their attention on North Africa

North Africa was important because the Allies wanted to be able to use the Suez Canal to transport ships, soldiers, and supplies

Allies: nations opposed to the Axis Powers of Germany, Japan, and Italy

Operation Torch: invasion by the Allies intended to drive the Axis Powers off the continent of Africa

General Erwin Rommel: commander of Allied troops in Africa, nicknamed the Desert Fox

North Africa and Italy:

Why is it important?◦ Axis forces surrendered in Africa◦ Showed all countries involved that the Allies had a

very good chance to win WWII


Picture of African and the Suez Canal

Casablanca, Morocco: location of meeting between FDR, and Churchill to discuss the Allies next moves in WWII

Decided to invade Italy and attack Japan Why is it important: Decided to accept nothing less than

unconditional surrender: the winner would set all the conditions of the surrender and the loser would have no voice


George S. Patton led the Allies into Sicily and arrested the Italian monarch and Mussolini

The Allies then moved into the Italian mainland

It took the Allies a very long time to fully capture Italy from the Axis Powers

The U.S. lost 190,000 soldiers in the fight for Italy


Picture of Italy


June 1941 Hitler attacked the Soviet Union

As the Germans invaded the soldiers raped women, burned homes, and executed large numbers of civilians (people not in the military)

The Soviet Red Army took a stand at the city of Stalingrad (named after Stalin)

Hitler wanted to capture the city as symbol of Soviet defeat

Stalin wanted to save the city as a symbol of national pride

Invasion of the Soviet Union and the Battle of Stalingrad:

The Germans attacked Stalingrad with all their force The Soviets held off the Germans and defended

Stalingrad until the harsh Russian winter began Why is it important? The Soviets used the winter weather to their

advantage The Soviets forced 90,000 German soldiers to

surrender The Soviets saved the city, forced the Germans

back, and changed the course of the war in Europe forever- if the Germans had won Stalingrad, the war may have had a different outcome

Invasion of the Soviet Union and the Battle of Stalingrad:

FDR, Churchill, Stalin met at the Tehran Conference and agreed to… ◦ Open a second front in France to help take some

German pressure off of the Soviet Union◦ Dwight D. Eisenhower was made Supreme

Allied Commander of Operation Overlord- the invasion of Normandy to liberate France

D-Day: June 6, 1944: first day of Operation Overlord

Allies were able to liberate France from German occupation in August 1944

D-Day:

The Allies were able to continue fighting because they used airdrops to get supplies to soldiers

Airdrops: planes would drop food, weapons, tanks, and artillery down to soldiers on the ground so they could keep fighting and stay strong

Airdrops were also used to drop propaganda pamphlets to try to convince the enemy to join the Allies

D-Day:

From France the Allies began to move toward Germany

Battle of the Bulge: As the Allies marched toward Germany, Hitler tried to divide the Allied forces in half to reduce their strength and power

General Patton led the Allies to defeat the Germans in the Battle of the Bulge

Battle of the Bulge:

February 1945 the Big Three: FDR, Churchill, and Stalin met at the Yalta Conference to discuss their military strategy and after war policies◦ Stalin agreed to declare war on Japan after Germany

was defeated◦ Stalin agreed to allow democratic elections in Eastern

European countries freed from German occupation◦ FDR and Churchill agreed to let Stalin have some of

Poland and Japanese held islands in China◦ Soviet Union was to receive half of the war reparations

from Germany as payback for the large number of Soviet casualties in WWII

Victory in Europe:

These decisions were written in the Yalta Declaration◦ Included a provision to divide Germany into 4

zones after the war to be controlled by the U.S., Britain, France, and the USSR (Soviet Union)

◦ Agreed to establish a United Nations as a permanent peace-keeping organization

Victory in Europe:

Churchill wanted Eisenhower to get his troops to Berlin, Germany before the Soviets because he didn’t trust Stalin

That didn’t happen The western Allies joined the Soviet troops about 100 miles

away from Berlin Why is it important? Hitler committed suicide April 30, 1945 Germany surrendered unconditionally The war in Europe was over May 8, 1945 was celebrated as Victory in Europe Day (V-E

Day) President Roosevelt died April 12, 1945 before WWII

ended

Victory in Europe:

Within hours of the attack on Pearl harbor the Japanese attacked the U.S. airbase in the Philippines and destroyed half of the U.S. planes

The Japanese took control of the Philippines

The only good news to the U.S. was that the aircraft carriers were not destroyed at Pearl harbor and were still functioning and ready for battle

War in the Pacific:

Map of the Pacific

War in the Pacific:

Japanese Admiral Yamamoto knew he needed to destroy the remainder of the U.S. ships to win WWII

The Island of Midway was key to victory for either side: it was key to preventing an invasion of Hawaii

June 1942 Battle of Midway: the U.S. was able to surprise the Japanese and attack their big aircraft carriers as they prepared for an offensive strike against the U.S.

Why is it important? It was a turning point in WWII The Japanese were now on the defensive Was the last time the Japanese had an offensive

position In WWII

Battle of Midway and the U.S. Offensive:

After Midway the U.S. was on the offensive in the Pacific

The U.S. decided to attack Japan from two directions (two prongs)◦ Across the central Pacific◦ From the South to retake control of the Philippines

The U.S. used a tactic called island hoping: they attacked and conquered one group of islands then moved on to the next on their way to Japan

Battle of Midway and the U.S. Offensive:

In the South, General MacArthur returned to the Philippines and liberated them from Japanese control

Across central Pacific the U.S. won key battles at Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa

Guadalcanal : first U.S. offensive operation in the pacific, marines fought jungle warfare

Iwo Jima: bloodiest battle of WWII- 100,00 U.S. soldiers died

Okinawa: bloody battle- U.S. and Britain won the island and removed the last obstacle between the Allies and Japan

War in the Pacific:

Picture of Marines raising flag on Iwo Jima

War in the Pacific:

The capture of Okinawa cleared the way for an invasion of Japan- but it never happened

The U.S. had developed an Atomic Bomb under the secret name the Manhattan project

Scientists tested the atomic bomb in New Mexico- it blew out windows 125 miles away

President Truman met with Churchill and Stalin at the Potsdam Conference: the three discussed postwar policies and created the Potsdam Declaration: allied leaders restated their policy of unconditional surrender for Japan

The Atomic Bomb:

Japan refused to surrender without conditions to protect the Emperor

In response to their demands President Truman authorized the use of the atomic bomb on Japan

August 6, 1945 a bomber plane called the Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan- thousands died immediately- later many died from radiation poisoning

August 8, 1945 the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and invaded Manchuria

August 9, 1945 the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan

The Atomic Bomb:

Why is it important? August 14, 1945 Japan surrendered WWII was OVER!!! Truman defended his choice to use an

atomic bomb on Japan instead of an invasion- he believed an invasion of Japan would have cost the lives of thousands of Allied soldiers

Japan was allowed to keep their emperor

The Atomic Bomb:

The Aftermath of World War II

The Holocaust and the Nuremberg Trials:

Hitler blamed the Jews for the problems in Germany before WWII- and the German people believed him!!!

Nazis made laws and policies that discriminated against Jewish people

Hitler eventually began the Final Solution: his plan to exterminate all Jews through mass genocide- murder of a race of people

Jews were rounded up, separated from their families and either killed or sent to work in concentration camps where they were either killed immediately or forced to work- most workers died of starvation or disease

Allied soldiers found gas chambers, ovens, and mass graves in concentration camps

Holocaust: the mass killing of over 6 million Jews and 6 million other “inferiors”

The Nuremburg Trials were held after WWII to prosecute 24 Nazi leaders for “crimes against humanity”◦ 12 were sentenced to death◦ 12 were sent to prison

The Holocaust and the Nuremberg Trials:

The greatest change from WWII was the use of nuclear weapons (atomic bomb)

The use of the atomic bomb changed how all wars in the future would be fought

President Truman was leader of democracy and capitalism

Stalin was a dictator and believed in communism Why is this important? President Truman and Stalin never trusted each other They saw each other as enemies even though they

were allies in WWII Both men wanted to be more powerful than the other

The Nuclear Age:

Objective 10.03: Describe and analyze the effects of the war on American economic, social, political, and cultural life.

Essential Questions: • How and why did World War II impact the economic,

social, cultural, and political life of the U.S.? • How did the war bring about innovation and change

on the home front? • How are civil liberties challenged during times of

conflict? • Should civil liberties be denied during a time of

war?

Unit 10:

Effects of the War

on the U.S. at Home

The Military and National Morale:

WWII had an effect on the nation in many ways:

The Selective Service Act: began our first peacetime draft in 1940 before we were involved in WWII

When Pearl harbor was bombed we drafted young men to fight

Others volunteered to join the military and defend the nation

Women and minorities served in WWII along with white men

Women’s Army Corp (WAC): branch of military for women in the army- largest of all branches for women

Women also served in other branches of the military but were not allowed in combat

Over 275,000 women served in the military Women also served their country at home in

America by filling in for men who had gone to war at home (farming and being single parents) and at work

Women and Minorities in Uniform:

1 million African Americans volunteered and were drafted for WWII

At first they were not allowed in combat At the war progressed and the need for their

skills became evident, African Americans were allowed to fight for their country

Tuskegee Airmen: all black squadron of fighter pilots- they successfully protected every bomber plane they escorted during WWII


Movie Clip from Tuskegee Airmen


Native Americans served in the military as well

The Marines made a code for communicating based on the Navajo language that the Japanese were unable to break

Code Talkers: 300 Navajo marines who served as radio operators during the war with Japan

Japanese Americans were not allowed into the military until 1943

442nd: unit of Japanese American fighters- became the most decorated unit in U.S. History

While these soldiers were sacrificing their lives for America, back at home in the U.S. their families were being discriminated against for their heritage


The government knew it needed to maintain strong public support for the war effort

Without public support the war would fail To keep patriotism and morale up for the

war the government encouraged propaganda:◦ paid artists to create War Posters◦ Movie theaters played newsreels (recordings) of

positive images of the war◦ Patriotic ads were put in magazines and played on

the radio

Patriotism and Morale:

When the U.S. went to war we had to switch from a peacetime economy to a wartime economy

To oversee this transition President Roosevelt established the War Production Board: redirected raw materials and resources from production of civilian goods to the production of materials needed for fight a war◦ Nylon was used for parachutes- not pantyhose ◦ Rubber was used for jeeps and tanks not cars◦ Food was rationed at home for soldiers to eat

War Time and the Economy:

To help keep the country running women took over jobs traditionally held by men to support the war efforts at home

These women were given the nickname Rosie the Riveter based on a song about a woman who worked in a factory while her boyfriend fought in WWII as a Marine

Rosie the Riveter:

Rosie the Riveter

Citizen Sacrafice: To help the government have enough money and

resources to pay for the war American citizens had to make tremendous sacrifices

The government began to make employers withhold income taxes from employees paychecks and give the money directly to the government

The government sold war bonds to raise money People grew victory gardens in their yards to grow their

own food so farmers could feed the soldiers The government forced people to ration products to

save supplies for soldiers- each person got a number of points- once you used your points you couldn’t buy more of that product until you earned more points

After the attack on Pearl Harbor Americans became suspicious of Japanese Americans even though they were citizens of this country

1942 President Roosevelt gave an Executive Order that forced all Japanese Americans to move away from military facilities

The U.S. military forced 110,000 Japanese Americans to leave their homes, schools, and businesses and placed them in internment camps located in remote areas owned by the federal government

Internment of Japanese Americans:

Why is it important? Many Japanese Americans lost everything they had

worked to earn for generations Fred Korematsu, a Japanese American, sued the

government for violating his civil rights by placing him in an internment camp

Korematus v. United States: Supreme Court ruled internment camps are legal in times of military urgency

Japanese American Museum: dedicated to the contributions Japanese Americans have made to the U.S.

The U.S. government didn’t acknowledge the mistreatment of Japanese Americans until the 1980’s

Internment of Japanese Americans:

Post War Culture

Unions: As more workers entered the workforce

during the war, more people joined unions Workers increased their use of strikes for

higher pay and better working conditions as the cost of living in creased

Many times the government had to get involved to resolve strikes

After WWII the Democrats were blamed for all the union strikes because they supported unions

As a result, Republicans won the majority of seats in Congress in 1946

This was seen as a demand for the Congress to stop the actions against unions

Taft-Hartley Act: allowed for collective bargaining, ended the use of closed shops, and gave workers freedom to choose to refuse to join a union, employers could also sue for damages

Unions:

Automation: using machines to make products

As machines replaced workers unions had to help workers fight to keep their jobs and not be replaced

From this uncertain time for workers a new force for labor grew AFL-CIO: merger of the American federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations- represented more than 15 million workers

Unions:

Increases in production during the war meant more African Americans could find work in northern factories

Northern Migration: period when more than 2 million southern African Americans moved north for jobs

Surprisingly most continued to face racism and discrimination housing and wages

Some Northern white people thought black people were taking their jobs and used violence against them

34 people died in a race riot in Detroit 1943

Northern Migration of African Americans:

Democrat Harry Truman was elected president in 1948 (he had been appointed president after FDR died in 1945)

Fair Deal: Truman’s plan to help the nation- included social reforms◦ Extended Social Security benefits◦ Increased minimum wage◦ Appropriated funds for low income housing

Truman’s Fair Deal:

To help veteran retuning from war assimilate into society Congress passed the G.I. Bill: provided military veterans with benefits like job priority, money for education and training, and homes, and housing

This helped create the new Middle Class: people whose income is not considered rich or poor


To help house the Middle Class William Levitt began building mass produced housed

Whole neighborhoods could be produced in a week- called Levittowns

Why is it important? GI Bill meant soldiers could afford loans,

and buy houses Regular people could also afford to own

their own home


Baby Boom: after the war spouses were reunited and couples got married and almost all of them had babies

Baby Boomers: generation of people born during the baby boom of the late 40’s and early 50’s


Objective 10.04: Elaborate on changes in the direction of foreign policy related to the beginning of the Cold War.

Essential Questions: • How did the events of World War II help facilitate the

onset of the Cold War and influence American foreign policy throughout most of

the 20th century? • To what extent was America’s decision to drop the

atomic bomb a viable option to end the war in the Pacific?

• What impact did World War II have on the economic, social, cultural, and political life of the United States?

Unit 10:

Birth of the Cold War

Conflict in Europe: After WWII Great Britain and the U.S. did not

trust the Soviet Union The U.S. and Great Britain did not feel the

Allies should control territory gained in the war The Soviets had lost over 1 millions soldiers and

much of their land was destroyed- they wanted to make sure they had a big buffer between them and other countries so they could not ne invaded again

Stalin wanted to control Eastern Europe for protection against invasion

Stalin broke his promise to help rebuild Germany and allow free elections in Poland

Stalin set up Communist governments in Germany and Poland that answered to him

He used force to stop any and all opposition to his leadership in his territories

Europe was divided between western democracies and eastern communism

Churchill called the dividing line between the west and east and iron curtain

Conflict in Europe:

George Kennan recommended the U.S. and its allies use Containment to stop the spread of communism- he believed their was no hope in removing it from the eastern half of Europe, but it could be kept out of the west

Policy of Containment:

Truman believed to stop the spread of Communism the U.S. needed to give money to help countries like Germany rebuild after the war

He also believed we needed to establish democratic governments in these nations to give the people a voice

1947 Truman Doctrine: supported containment, and said the U.S. would not hesitate to intervene and aid nations overseas to resist communism

It contained a financial plan to support the program created by George Marshall

Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan:

Marshall Plan: gave money to European nations hurt by WWII

Helped to support their economies and stop the suffering of the people

Why is it important? The Marshall Plan helped to stop the spread

of Communism

Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan:

After WWII the Allies divided Germany among themselves

Portions went to the U.S., Britain, France and USSR Berlin, the German capital, was also divided- west

to the western Allies and the east to the eastern Soviets

The western allies hoped to unify all of Germany- Stalin said “No”

The western allies unified west Germany into the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)

The Soviet Union established the east as German Democratic Republic under communist rule

Germany is Divided:

Thousands of people fled to West Germany to escape communism

Stalin blockaded West Berlin to stop people from leaving

Truman began the Berlin Airlift: for 15 months U.S. and British planes delivered needed supplies to West Berlin- the Soviets eventually gave up but the Cold War had begun

Cold War: tensions between the U.S. and Soviets that could lead to war

Germany is Divided:

Before the Japanese invaded China they were led by Nationalist Chiang Kai-shek

The Nationalists and Communists fought a civil war, but united against Japan

After the war they began to fight again The U.S. supported the Nationalists and

sent them money for support The Soviets sent money to the communists

led by Mao Tse-tung

China’s Communist Revolution:

Why is it important? Communist took over China by 1949 Nationalists fled to Taiwan The U.S. did not recognize communist

China- we insisted the government of Chiang was the official government of China

Mao’s communist China was not recognized by the United Nations

China’s Communist Revolution:

After the Holocaust Jews wanted to establish a homeland in Palestine

Zionist Movement: Jews that supported creating an independent Jewish state

1948 the United Nations established part of Palestine as Israel, an independent Jewish nation

President Truman supported Israel Arabs were angry part of Palestine was given to Jews The U.S. supported the Jews, and the Soviets

supported the Arabs Today the fight between the Jews and Arabs

continues

The Founding of Israel:

Korea was liberated from the Japanese in WWII by the U.S. and the Soviets

After the war Korea was divided between Soviet North and Democratic South

1950 North Korea invaded South Korea at the 38th Parallel and began the Korean War

Although it was called a war it was a United Nation’s police action to try to remove the North from the South

In the end neither side won and the country remained divided as it was before the war (police action)

The Korean War:

Nuclear Arms Race: competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to build an develop nuclear weapons

The U.S. built an Hydrogen Bomb: (H-bomb): one thousand times more powerful than an atomic bomb

By 1964 USSR, Britain, France, and China all had H-bombs

The Arms Race Begins:

Dwight Eisenhower became president in 1952 Eisenhower feared the Domino Theory that if one

nation fell to communism the surrounding nations would fall too

1957 he introduced the Eisenhower Doctrine: policy stated the U.S. would not hesitate to aid any country in the Middle East that asked for help to fight communism

Eisenhower sent troops to Lebanon to help them resist communist rebels

He also met with the new leader of the Soviet Union to negotiate the issue of nuclear weapons

Eisenhower and Khrushchev:

Nikita Khrushchev: leader of Soviet Union after the death of Stalin

Met with Eisenhower in the U.S. to discuss the number of people escaping East Berlin to the West

Khrushchev wanted it to stop but the U.S. said we would not leave West Germany

Problem: U-2 Incident: A U.S. U-2 spy plane was shot

down over the Soviet Union- when Eisenhower admitted it was ours the Soviets were furious and the two men never negotiated again

Eisenhower and Khrushchev:

Fidel Castro took control of the Cuban government in 1959

He killed over 700 of his opposition and jailed even more

His government took control of the land and property in Cuba

Castro took U.S. property in Cuba and was a supporter of communism

Eisenhower did not support Castro Castro allied with the Soviet Union

Cuba and the Bay of Pigs:

The CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) began to train anti-Castro Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro

1961 President Kennedy approved the invasion of the Bay of Pigs in Cuba

The whole invasion was a failure and an embarrassment to President Kennedy and the U.S.

Cuba and the Bay of Pigs:

Tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union continued to increase

President Kennedy said the U.S. would go to war of it had to in order to defend Berlin

Berlin Wall: Khrushchev responded by building a wall that separated Communist East Berlin and Democratic West Berlin

Construction of the Berlin Wall:

Picture of Berlin Wall

Construction of the Berlin Wall:

Castro allowed the Soviets to put nuclear weapons on Cuba as a threat to the U.S.

Cuba is only 90 miles form the coast of Florida President Kennedy responded by imposing a

blockade of Cuba This began the Cuban Missile Crisis For 13 days the world watched and waited to see

what would happen between the U.S. and the Soviet Union- would they go to war?????

Khrushchev removed the missiles and the U.S. promised not to invade Cuba

The Cuban Missile Crisis:

Why is it important? Both countries realized they didn’t want to go to

war Kennedy and Khrushchev met with the British

Prime Minister in Moscow to sign a test-ban treaty: to limit nuclear testing

The treaty also created a hotline between the White House and the Kremlin to prevent an accidental war

Hotline: emergency line of communication Kremlin: center of the Soviet government

The Cuban Missile Crisis:

1880’s France established a colony in Vietnam After WWII Vietnamese Nationalists fought for

independence from France Eisenhower viewed the Nationalists as communists He feared the Domino Theory would happen if

Vietnam fell to communism Geneva Accords: agreement made at a conference

in Geneva, Switzerland to divide Vietnam into two nations- communist North and a pro-U.S. South

The country would be divided at the 17th parallel

Vietnam Becomes an Issue:

Objective 10.05: Assess the role of organizations established to maintain peace and examine their continuing effectiveness.

Essential Questions: • How effective have organizations been in

maintaining peace in the world? • How has the status of being a superpower

affected the relations between the U.S. and other nations?

• To what degree have peace-keeping organizations been successful in their purpose?

Unit 10:

The Cold war divided the world in half between friends of the U.S. and friends of the Soviets

To avoid conflict the United Nations was created to provide a place for countries to negotiate and avoid war

Within the UN was created a Security Council: to investigate disputes with the authority to authorize military action◦ 5 permanent member countries:

U.S. Soviet Union France China Great Britain

Alliances Develop From the Cold War:

1949 during the Berlin Airlift the U.S. signed the North Atlantic Treaty with Canada and other European nations to defend each other if one was attacked ◦ Provided collective security

Formed NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization to provide a combined military force if the nations were attacked

Other nations eventually joined NATO Warsaw Pact: Soviet response to NATO,

united communist countries in Eastern Europe

NATO and the Warsaw Pact:

The U.S. tried to prevent the spread of communism all around the world

South Asia Treaty Organization: formed to prevent the spread of communism

Did not require countries to defend each other if attacked

Organization of American States: meant to create cooperation and prevent Latin American nations from becoming communist

Alliance for Progress: created to give financial assistance to Latin American countries to stop the spread of communism

Southeast Asia and Latin America:

unit 10 world war ii and the cold war- answers

Documents

world hitler

cold war answers

benito mussolini

people of germany

new government

angeradolf hitler

strict government controls

great power