Cold WarTest ReviewAnswers

1. Explain the role of President Eisenhower during the Cold War

• 1st Republican after 20 years of Democrats in office

• Enforcer of the Truman Doctrine and Containment.

• Helped end McCarthyism

• Proposed Interstate Highway Act of 1956

• Supported U.S. troop involvement in the Bay of Pigs Invasion

2. Explain the role of President Truman in the

Cold War

• Issued the Truman Doctrine.

• Promoted U.S. participation in NATO

• Sent U.S. support to Western Europe with the Marshall Plan

• Sent troops/military support into South Korea- began Korean War.

3. Explain the role of President Kennedy in the

Cold War

• Did not allow U.S. troop involvement in the Bay of Pigs Invasion

• President during the Cuban Missile Crisis

• Supported the Space race

4. Explain the role of Joseph Stalin in the Cold

War

• The leader of the Soviet Union at the End of WWII

• Promoted communism and totalitarian government systems in the U.S.S.R and its satellite countries (E. Europe)

• Promotes Molotov Plan and Warsaw Pact

• Shuts down free corridor in Germany

5. Explain the Role of Nikita Khrushchev in the

Cold War

• Soviet Premier following Stalin

• Allied with Fidel Castro and placed ICBMs in Cuba, starting the Cuban Missile Crisis.

• Promoted Space race for the Soviet Union

6. Explain the role of Joseph McCarthy in the

Cold War

• Republican Senator up for re-election

• Increased Red Scare hysteria

• Feared communism and used America’s fear to gain fame with list of 205 state department workers of being communist

• Created the HUAC, who tried suspected communists with bullying and intimidating tactics

7. Define the Korean War

• 1950-53• Korea separated into North and

South- North communist• North invades South• Truman sends in U.S. support• McArthur pushes N.Korea back to

Yalu River- Chinese “volunteers” provide support (communist China)

• Pushed back into South Korea• Armistice at 38th Parallel

8. Define the Cold War

• Called a “constant war of nerves”• 46 year period of tension majorly

between the United States and the Soviet Union (1945-1991)

• Conflict of ideas: Democracy vs. communism

• No actual war between the United States and the Soviet Union, but constant threat of nuclear war

9. What is McCarthyism and the Red Scare?

• Fear, Suspicion and scapegoating

• Tactics used at suspected communists’ hearings

• Fear and hysteria over communism

10. What were the arms race and the space race?

• Arms race- the large scale production of nuclear weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

• Space race- contest between super powers (US&USSR) to make landmarks in space exploration.

• The Soviet Union beat the United States into space with the launch of Sputnik in 1957

11. What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

• After the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion, Fidel Castro allows the Soviet Union to place nuclear missiles (ICBMs) in Cuba

• A U-2 spy plane discovers these and the Kennedy Administration has to decide how to respond. (airstrike? Invade? Ignore? Emissary? Blockade?)

• Kennedy decides to blockade Cuba and eventually negotiations open with Khrushchev

• They agree to remove missiles if U.S. remove theirs from Turkey

• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty signed- end production of nuclear bombs

12. What was the Truman Doctrine?

• President Truman vowed to provide U.S. support to fight communism anywhere in the world

• Justifies U.S. intervention in Korean and Vietnam Wars

13. What was the Containment Policy?

• The United States’ goal to contain/stop the spread of communism

• Major policy of the Cold War

14. What was the Marshall Plan and the

Molotov Plan?

• Marshall Plan- The United States’ plan of sending economic aid to war-torn Europe. ($17 Billion)

• Countries that accepted aid had to have democratic governments and buy supplies and products from the USA

• Molotov Plan- Soviet Union’s reaction to the Marshall Plan, their economic aid to their Eastern European satellite countries

15. What was the impact of the atomic Bomb?

• 1st nuclear weapon (dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki)

• Reason for cold war tension (threat of nuclear war)

• Further development lead to the hydrogen bomb (100x stronger)

16. What was NATO and the Warsaw Pact?

• NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• Alliance/defense system formed between the United States, Great Britain, France and Canada

• Warsaw Pact- Soviet Union alliance system with Eastern European satellite countries after creation of NATO

• Countries choosing sides after WWII

17. What is totalitarianism?

• Government by one or few

• Total control over many aspects of people’s lives

• No freedom of press or speech

18. What was the Interstate Highway Act of

1956?

• Proposed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower

• Wanted to create a highway system to connect cities/states

• Modeled after autoban in Europe (Germany)

• Cut down travel time (62 days x-country to 4 days)

• Promoted the growth of new cities and especially suburban population (towns outside the major cities)

19. What does the division of Germany &

Berlin mean?

• Yalta Conference- Germany divided between US, USSR, Great Britain, and France

• Germany/Berlin Divided into East and West

• USSR installs communist government in E. Germany and E. Berlin

• US, Gr. Britain, and France half becomes democratic W. Germany

20. What types of actions would lead you to believe

that the Cold War was ending?

• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

• Fall of the Berlin Wall

21. What is the correct sequence of eras in

history after Reconstruction?

• After Reconstruction there was the Gilded Age, which was the rise of factories and industry

• That was followed by World War I (1914-1918)

• Then after that was the Great Depression starting in 1929

• World War II brought the United States out of the Great Depression

• Directly after WWII the Cold War began

22. Why did the US suffer little physically during

WWII??

• The location of the United States kept it from suffering much damage- it was far away from the actual war. Most of the war took place in Europe and in the Pacific Islands.