groups & its dynamics

7/31/2019 Groups & Its Dynamics

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Groups & ItsDynamics


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What is the nature of groupsin organizations?

A group is a collection of two or morepeople who work with one another

regularly to achieve common goals.Groups:

Help organizations accomplish important

tasks.Help to maintain a high-quality workforce bysatisfying members needs.


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Why do people join groups?

SecurityStatusSelf esteem

AffiliationPower Goal achievement


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Theories of group formation

Classic theory

Balance theoryExchange theory


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Types of Groups

Formal groups.Officially designated to serve a specific

organizational purpose.May be permanent or temporary.

Permanent work groups are command groups inthe vertical organization structure.Temporary work groups are task groupsspecifically created to solve a problem or performa defined task.


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Types of Groups

Formal groups cont.

Virtual groups.

Groups whose members convene and work

together electronically via networked computers.

Activities are facilitated by groupware.

Can accomplish the same things as members of

face-to-face groups.


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Types of Groups

Informal groups.

Emerge without being officially designated by

the organization.

Types of informal groups.

Friendship groups.Interest groups.


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Types of Groups

Benefits of informal groups.Can speed up work flow by supplementingformal lines of authority.

Can satisfy needs that are thwarted or unmetby the formal group.

Can provide members with social satisfaction,security, and a sense of belonging.


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Types of Groups

Command group A manager and his or her immediatesubordinate

Task group Those working together to complete a jobtask


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Types of Groups

Interest groupThose working together to attain a specificobjective with which each is concerned

Friendship groupThose brought together because theyshare one or more commoncharacteristics


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What are the stages of group development?

A group or team passes through fivelifecycle stages.

Forming.Storming.Norming.

Performing. Adjourning.


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Stages of group development

Forming stage.Initial entry of members to a group.

Members concerns include: Getting to know each other.Discovering what is considered acceptablebehavior.Determining the groups real task. Defining group rules.


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Storming stage. A period of high emotionality and tension

among group members.Members concerns include: Formation of coalitions and cliques.Dealing with outside demands.

Clarifying membership expectations.Dealing with obstacles to group goals.Understanding members interpersonal styles.


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Norming stage.The point at which the group really begins to

come together as a coordinated unit.Members concerns include:

Holding the group together.Dealing with divergent views and criticisms.Dealing with a premature sense of accomplishment.


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Performing stage.Marks the emergence of a mature, organized,and well-functioning group.Members deal with complex tasks and handleinternal disagreements in creative ways.

Primary challenge is to continue to improverelationships and performance.


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Adjourning stage.

Particularly important for temporary groups.

A well-integrated group is:

Able to disband when its work is finished.

Willing to work together in the future.


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What are the foundationsof group effectiveness?

From a systems perspective, group inputs arethe foundation for all subsequent group action.Key group inputs are:

Nature of the task.Goals.Rewards.Resources.Technology.Membership diversity.Group size.


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What is the nature of groupsin organizations?

Effective groups achieve high levels of:Task performance.

Members attain performance goals regardingquantity, quality, and timeliness of work results.

Members satisfaction.Members believe that their participation anexperiences are positive and meet important

personal needs.Team viability.

Members are sufficiently satisfied to continueworking together on an ongoing basis.


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The Dysfunctions of Groups andTeams

Norms violation and role ambiguity/conflict

The groupthink, conformity problemRisky shift phenomenonSocial loafing


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The dynamics of informal groups

Norms and rules in informal groups

The informal organizations


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Informal roles found in workgroup

The boundary spanner The buffer The lobbyistThe negotiator The spokesperson


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Teams in the modernworkplace


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Difference between workgroupand teams


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Types of teams

Project teamsParallel teamsPermanent work teamsCross Functional teams

Virtual teamsSelf managed teams


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How to make the teams moreeffective

Team buildingCollaborationGroup leadershipCultural/ global issues

groups & its dynamics

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