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Recycling C&D While Managing Organics/Wood

Prepared For:

Environmental Business Council

October 28, 2005

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This Document…• Identifies why C&D derived wood is a

“must handle” when you are recycling mixed C&D

• Identifies the “types” of C&D wood by general category

• Identifies existing and future uses of C&D wood

• Briefly outlines “barriers” that must be overcome

• Provides general processing methodologies for wood extraction based on re-use opportunities

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C&D Waste Stream (GSE Experience)

• Extractable wood [clean/dirty] (35-45%)• Cardboard (3-5%)• Aggregate (3-10%)• Ferrous & non-ferrous (4-8%)• Fines/ADC (12-50%) [highly variable based on process,

screen size and mission of facility)

• Non-recyclables (10-20%) [carpet, rags, plastics, insulation, etc.)

• Other [shingles, wallboard, engineered material)

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Why is C&D Wood a “Must Handle”?

• Wood volume can be over 60% of the waste stream

• Generally well over 40% by weight.

• Without diverting or recycling 40% of the waste stream a break-even scenario is not likely.

• C&D wood has many useful applications that are cheaper than disposal (mostly diversionary)

• Why waste air-space on a commodity that has a low compaction ratio?

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Types of Wood in C&D

• Clean wood (basically “exemptible”)

• Manufactured wood (glues, veneers)

• Treated wood (CCA, creosote), and

• Painted wood (latex, oil, lead)

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Current Markets (Pre-Ban)

• ADC (lined landfill)

• Grading & Shaping (lined landfill)

• Landfill Closure (unlined landfill)

• Sludge Bulking Agent• Fuel for Wood Burning Energy Facilities

(e.g. Borolex)

• Fuel for Municipal Waste Combustors (based on season and moisture)

• Re-use centers (large timbers/engineered materials)

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Wood Fuel

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Potential Use-Landfill Closure [fill]

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Fines Generated From a 1” Screen

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C&D FinesFines Generated From a 3 –Inch Screen

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C&D Residuals6-Inch Residuals Generated From a Grinding Process

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Post-Ban Markets (Potential)

• ADC• Shaping & Grading• Closure• Sludge Bulking• Fuel (clean & “dirty”)

• Wood Chip & Mulch (demo project)

• Animal Bedding (demo project)

• Bio-solid Composting Amendment (demo project)

• Stabilization & Erosion Control (demo project)

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Clean C&D Wood(Let’s Find a Value-Added Use)

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C&D Wood Demonstration Project

The intent of this demonstration project was to prove that wood extracted from the C&D waste stream can be utilized for higher value-added uses, to include:

Mixing with mulch or wood mulch, Using for chips (including colorized chips), Mixing with bio-solids for compost, Animal bedding, and Manufacturing (pellets, logs, particle board, etc.)

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Key Participants

• S&J Exco, Inc. - Dennis, MA • Daniels Recycling Co, Inc. - Orleans, MA• New England Recycling, Inc. - Taunton,

MA• New Bedford Waste Services, LLC - New

Bedford, MA• Trojan Recycling, Inc. – Brockton, MA

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Importance of Demonstration Project

• Ban on C&D wood in the beginning of 2004 (hey 2005 is close )– Ban imposes restrictions on the disposal of all

C&D wood whether it’s “clean” or “dirty”– Outlets for C&D derived wood consist of

“diversionary” markets such as:• ADC• Closure materials• Fuel

– Currently there is no existing market in Massachusetts for “clean” wood derived from C&D activities

– The industry needs diversification

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Outcome of Project

• Data showed “clean” picked wood can be recycled

• Clean wood had similar chemical composition as exemptible wood waste (specifically coniferous and deciduous cuttings)

• Final report will be submitted to MA DEP by end of October 2005

• Will allow a facility to “recycle” rather than “divert” a portion of the wood from mixed C&D waste

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Barriers to Overcome1. No BUDs for clean wood exist in MA2. Competition for diversionary uses has

increased, and markets have shrunk (e.g. H2S issues)

3. Costs for “diversionary” uses (cover, closure, shaping/grading) have increased considerably during the past several years.

4. Pricing for fuel appears to be getting better, however limited applications for “dirty” wood exist (e.g. CCA, creosote, lead - based on emissions control technologies)

5. Energy facilities must shift to newer control technologies to handle “dirtier” wood

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Wood Extraction

• Must decide what the commodity(s) is (are) (e.g. landfill diversion, fuel, recycling)

• Must consider the following processing options:

– Kick sorting– Positive sort– Negative sort

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Kick Sorting

• Kick sorting is extraction of the commodity up-front before co-mingling

• Usually utilizes an excavator and/or manpower

• Kick sorting reduces the potential for cross contamination

• Several facilities in MA/NH kick-sort wood for fuel

• Commodity – Clean, dirty, or mixed

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Kick Sorted Wood

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Positive Sorting

• Positive sorting is extraction of the commodity using a C&D processing line after co-mingling (e.g. picking platform/station)

• Usually manual labor separates the commodity from the rest of the waste stream

• Several facilities in MA/NH/RI/CT positive sort wood for fuel.

• Commodity – Clean (limited due to cross-contamination), dirty, or mixed

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Positive Sorting

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Negative Sorting

• Negative sorting – there is typically no extraction of the commodity

• All of the other material (recyclables/non-recyclables) is removed using screeners, magnets, eddy current, float tanks, etc.

• With negative sorting, your commodity is the last product discharged from the processing line

• With fuel production, this is becoming a beneficial strategy

Full Scale Indoor C&D Processing Facility

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Important “Take-aways”

• Can C&D-derived wood be “clean?”

• Can C&D recycling facilities create different “types” of wood products?

• Can more wood be extracted from C&D?

• Are other diversionary markets needed?

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Environmental, Inc.

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More Information

• Green Seal Environmental, Inc. Greg Wirsen (508) 888-6034 or greg@gseenv.com, or www.gseenv.com