GREEN CLEAN INDIA NEW TYPE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

THAT SOLVES ALL THE PROBLEMS

OF

ORGANIC WASTE

BYSiya PrabhuDesai

Vidya Vikas AcademyMargao, Goa

INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION PG.NO. 32. PROBLEM PG.NO. 7

DISADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT PROCESSES PG.NO. 9

3. SURVEY ON THE PROBLEM PG.NO. 11 NUTRIENTS PRESENT IN THE FOOD

ITEMS PG.NO. 13 4. SOLUTION PG.NO. 14

Method PG.NO. 15

5.CONCLUSION PG.NO. 17

6. REFERENCE PG.NO. 18

INTRODUCTION

Waste, or rubbish, trash, junk, garbage, depending on the type of material or the regional terminology, is an unwanted or undesired material or substance. It may consist of the unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process (industrial, commercial, mining or agricultural operations,) or from community and household activities. The material may be discarded or accumulated, stored, or treated (physically, chemically, or biologically), prior to being discarded or recycled.

Waste can be regarded as a human concept as there appears to be no such thing as waste in nature. The presence of waste is an indication of overconsumption and that materials are not being used efficiently. This is carelessly reducing the Earths capacity to supply new raw materials in the future. The capacity of the natural environment to absorb and process these materials is also under stress. Valuable resources in the form of matter and energy are lost during waste disposal, requiring that a greater burden be placed on ecosystems to provide these. The main problem is the sheer volume of waste being produced and how we deal with it.

There are many types of waste as defined by the waste management

MUNICIPAL WASTE- includes household waste, commercial waste and demolition waste.

HAZARDOUS WASTE- includes industrial waste BIO-MEDICAL WASTE- includes clinical waste ELECTRONIC WASTE- includes waste from electrical

devices AGRICULTURAL WATSE- includes waste from horticulture,

livestock breeding CONSTRUCTION WASTE- includes concrete debris, wood,

earth, packaging boxes etc.

BIODEGRADABLE WASTEBiodegradable waste is also called as organic waste. It is a type of waste which can be broken down in a reasonable amount of time, in it’s constituent compound by micro organisms and other living organism, regardless of what those compound may be of.

It can be found in municipal solid waste as green waste, food waste, paper waste, sewage, and slaughter house waste, human waste, manure and sewage.

More than half the waste sent to landfill is organic waste, however it is sent to a landfill rots under anaerobic (without oxygen) conditions, giving off methane gas. Methane is one of

the 'greenhouse gases' that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. It becomes smelly and putrid and attracts pests like rats and flies. Which promotes the spread of swine fever, parasites and pathogens.

NEEMThis is another product that I am using for my experimentsAzadirachta indica, also known as Neem, Nimtree, and Indian Lilac is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genus Azadirachta, and is native to India and the Indian subcontinent including Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. Typically growing in tropical and semi-tropical regions

Properties of neemNeem is a key ingredient in non-pesticidal management (NPM), providing a natural alternative to synthetic pesticides. Neem seeds are ground into a powder that is soaked overnight in water and sprayed onto the crop. To be effective, it is necessary to apply repeatedly, at least every ten days. Neem does not directly kill insects on the crop. It acts as an anti-feedant, repellent, and egg-laying deterrent, protecting the crop from damage. The insects starve and die within a few days. Neem also suppresses the hatching of pest insects from their eggs. Neem cake is often sold as a fertilizer.

It has adequate quantity of NPK in organic form for plant growth. Neem cake typically contains about 6% neem oil and min. 4% nitrogen, 0.5 % phosphorus and 0.5% potassium. Being totally botanical product it contains 100% natural NPK content and other essential micro nutrients. It is rich in both sulphur compounds and bitter limonoids. It also acts as a natural fertilizer with pesticidal properties. Neem cake organic manure protects plant roots from nematodes, soil grubs and white ants probably due to its content of the residual limonoids. . It is harmless to earthworms - in fact earthworm populations are known to proliferate in plots treated with neem cake. Neem can effectively get rid of over 200 pest species that affects plants.It also reduces the acidity of the soil. And reduces the smell of the waste.

PROBLEM

Waste management is a major problem in India. Faced with rapid population growth, disorganization of city governments, a lack of public awareness and limited funding for programs, cities have struggled for years to find a way to responsibly manage the country’s ever-increasing amount of trash.

The Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) has estimated that waste generation in India could be as much as 589.67grms per person per day. That figure is relatively low, compared to the 2086.52grms of waste generated per person per day in the U.S. However, as of July 2009, the U.S. population was close to 307 million, whereas India’s population was nearly four times greater, at 1.2 billion.

These statistics mean that India could be generating as much as 27 million more tons of waste than the U.S. per year, although it has only one-third the land space when it comes to finding suitable locations for final disposal.

PROBLEMS CAUSED ARE AS FOLLOWS:

Inappropriately managed waste can attract rodents and insects, which can harbor gastrointestinal parasites, yellow fever, worms, the plaque and other conditions to humans.

Exposure to hazardous waste, particularly when they are burned, can cause various other diseases including cancer.

Toxic waste materials can contaminate surface, ground water, soil and air which cause more problems for humans, other species and ecosystem.

Waste treatment and disposal produces significant green house gas emissions, notably methane, which are contributing significantly to global climate change.

The main problem is faced by the people who stay in flats, that is because they do not have any area to make their own compost pits.

DISADVANTAGES OF THE DAY TO DAY

PROCESS USED

DISADVANTAGES OF COMMERCIAL CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS

Commercial chemical fertilizers are more expensive than natural fertilizers. They may contain ingredients that may be toxic to the skin or respiratory system. You also need to mix and measure them accurately. If you use too much, you can kill your plants. Chemical fertilizers can build up in the soil, causing long-term imbalances in soil pH and fertility.

DISADVANTAGES OF COMPOSTING

Most obvious disadvantage, unless you reside in a rodent free area, is the invasion of rodents and in addition ants. The pile can be unsightly and is usually positioned as far from the house as possible which can make it inconvenient to carry it to the garden location. I would also take into consideration your neighbors who may consider your material pile ugly, smelly or providing a haven for all sorts of pests.

DISADVANTAGES OF WORM COMPOSTING

The disadvantages include: The worms like their food finely chopped so you must employ a blender to acquire the right results. If you have an adversion to handling kitchen garbage, this may not be for you. If you go on vacation for any time exceeding a week to two weeks, your are going to need to find a babysitter for your worms. A willing volunteer maybe hard to find. The process in converting the scraps into marvelous organic material is slow.

Some of this, of course is the result of my small quantity of worms. It is normally suggested to start slow that is with 500 worms but who knows how many worms will you find in the packet. The supplier knows that you are not going to count every worm so there is opportunity for shortages.

SURVEY ON THE PROBLEM

Urban India generates about 47 million tone of solid waste (garbage) every year i.e. about 1.3 lakh tone every day, according to a study by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). But this is only in cities and towns with a municipal body reporting. Another 30% of urban India lives outside these cities. If you add their garbage, the total would amount to about 68 million tonnes.

According to a calculation done by TERI, the garbage generated by 2011 will cover 2,20,000 football field piled 9 meter (27 feet) high with garbage.

Nearly one third of the garbage is not collected at all – it is just left to rot. So, in a year, about 14 million tonnes of garbage is left to rot in urban India’s street.

Almost 70% of the waste that is collected in Indian cities is taken and dumped either in landfills or just any space available outside the main habitation. Only about 18% of the total collected garbage is treated to recycle or make fuel.

In other words, about 27 million tons of garbage is collected and dumped out of the city.

Since half of the Indian garbage is typically organic matter which is compostable, the dumped garbage rots, gets blown around and finally decomposes and mixes with the ground. The remaining untreatable parts mainly plastic can be seen flying around.

88% of total disease burden in rural areas is due to lack of clean water, sanitation and improper SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT.

NUTRIENTS PRESENT IN THE KITCHEN WASTE

Nitrogen rich food:- table scraps, fruits and vegetable scraps, dead flowers, coffee grounds, tea leaves, etc.

Carbon rich items:- corn cobs, stalks, shredded newspapers etc.

Neutral:- crushed egg shells, etc.

Rest all kitchen waste items like cooked rice, left over curry even the peels of citrus fruits are important to make the manure.

What Nutrients Do

Nitrogen (N) fuels new growth. All vegetables and herbs need some nitrogen. Some, like corn, need more, while others, like sweet peas, need very little.

Phosphorous (P) promotes root development, which helps strengthen plants. It also increases blooms. This is a very important nutrient, especially as plants start out.

Potassium (K) is essential to many plant functions and their overall health. It also helps plants withstand stressful weather and defend against diseases.

Calcium (Ca) improves general plant vigor and promotes growth of young roots and shoots.

Magnesium (Mg) helps regulate the uptake of other plant foods and aids in seed-making. It is also important to the dark green color of plants.

SOLUTION

For this problem there is only one solution and that is each one of us should take the responsibility of the waste generated by each of them. Plastics, glasses, cloth, and other non-biodegradable things such as tin etc. can be easily recycled. But the main problem lies with wet waste or the kitchen waste. This problem is mostly faced by the people living in the flats as they cannot form the compost pits.

METHOD

So I came up with an idea to solve the problem faced by these people, which will benefit them by two ways. That is by reducing the wet waste and also making a waste product into useful manure. It has been seen that the above mentioned disadvantages are not present in my product.

In order to make the waste into manure, one will require: a) daily kitchen waste b) neem leaves (natural and easily available) c) mixer or a grinder (if in a building, all the residents can contribute and buy one grinder or if in bungalow, four to five of them can contribute and buy one) and d) clean film.e)newspaper shreds or any carbon rich item.(The material in the pile should be about one-quarter nitrogen rich items and three-quarter carbon rich items

Initially the waste is required to be grinded, then add 3 - 4 neem leaves to about one cup of waste and grind till a fine paste is formed. Neem is used because of it’s properties (as discussed as above).also add appropriate quantity of carbon containing product(as mentioned above) to balance the

nitrogen quantity in it. Squeeze out the excess water formed in the paste and then dry it out in the sunlight. This process is done so that no fungus is grown . Then pack the same in the clean film so that it can be easily stored.

CONCLUSION

The product formed is now a cake shaped natural fertilizer and pesticide which is the best way in which the wet waste can be used. Instead of spending a lot of money on buying artificial fertilizer and pesticides one can use this which will provide the plants important nutrients without affecting the properties of the soil. In this way we can make the best use of the kitchen waste and also contribute for maintaining Green and Clean India.

REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION Wikipedia www.fullcycle.co

www.theguardian.com

www.sciencedirect.com

www.eschooltoday.com

PROBLEM www.planetnatural.com

www.greenchoices.org

www.fullcycle.co

edugreen.teri.res

www.gardeningknowhow.com

survey on the problem www.thehindu.com

timesofindia.indiatimes.com

www.mcgm.gov.in

edugreen.teri.res