graphic communication

STANDARD GRADE.

KNOWLEDGE AND INTERPRETATION

REVISION.

LINWOOD HIGH SCHOOL

This PowerPoint will cover many of the topics within the Knowledge and Interpretation section of the Standard Grade Graphic Communication exam. It should be used as a study aid and the past paper questions at the end should help you to test your knowledge.

At any time you can press the home button at the bottom of the page to return to the contents page to change topic.

Colour Theory

Line Types

Computer Software

Hardware

Click on the topic that you specifically want to look at or click to go the next page and follow the topics in order.

Signs and Symbols

This section will teach you about the following:

Primary colours

Secondary Colours

Tertiary Colours

Advancing Colours

Receding Colours

Tones, Tints and Shades

Colour Association

Colour in Marketing

Click a topic to skip to it.

Primary ColoursPrimary colours are colours that cannot be made by mixing two or more other colours together. Primary colours are stand alone colours that are used to make other colours. The three primary colours are:

Red Yellow Blue

Many companies that make products aimed at young children will use primary colours. This is because they are bright and are likely to attract the children to them.

Secondary ColoursSecondary colours are made by mixing primary colours together in equal quantities.

Orange

Green

Violet

Orange, green and violet are the three secondary colours.

Primary and secondary colours can be shown on a colour wheel.

Secondary colours are placed between the two primary colours which make it. For example red and yellow mix together to make orange, so orange is placed between them on the colour wheel.

Colours that sit opposite each other on the colour wheel are said to be CONTRASTING colours e.g. red and green. This means that they stand out from one another.

Colours that sit next to each other on the colour wheel are said to be HARMONISING colours e.g. blue and purple. This means that they work well together.

Tertiary ColoursTertiary colours are created by mixing a primary and a secondary colour together. These are shown on the colour wheel.

Red

Yellow Blue

Green

Orange Violet

Red-violet

Blue-violet

Blue-greenYellow-green

Yellow-orange

Red-orange The colours are named by simply combining the names of the two colours used to make it.

Advancing ColoursAdvancing colours are colours which appear to come towards you when you look at them. Examples of advancing colours are:•Yellow•Red •Orange

If a room was painted in these colours it would make the room seem smaller as the walls would appear to come towards you when you looked at them.

Advancing colours are also known as WARM colours. These are used to give a sense of warmth or are used to indicate heat e.g. on a temperature control or a tap.

Receding ColoursReceding colours are colours which appear to move away from you as you looks at them. Examples of receding colours are: •Blue•Violet•Green

If a room was painted in receding colours then it would seem bigger as the walls would appear to move away from you as you looked at them.

Receding colours are also known as COOL colours. These are used to give a sense of coldness.

Tints, shades and tones.

Tints and shades of a colour are made by adding either white or black to it to make it darker or lighter.

To make a TINT white is added to the colour.To make a SHADE black is added to the colour.

The TONE of a colour is how strong or weak it is. A colour’s tone can be made stronger by adding more coats to it.

Original colour

Tint Shade

Different colours are associated with different feelings and emotions. Companies often use certain colours to sell their products as they know that the brain will connect these colours with other things, making them more likely to buy them.

•Warmth•Fear•Passion•Love•Danger•Anger•Excitement

•Warmth•Sunshine•Happiness•Light•Bright

•Cold•Ice•Fresh•Elegant•Sky•Classy•Sophisticated

•Warmth•Energy•Happiness•Cheerful•Sunset

•Calm •Cool•Fresh•Natural•Soothing•Envy•Environment

•Peaceful•Dreams•Cool•Solitary

•Evil•Death•Mourning•Mystery•Sinister•Elegant•Classy•Dramatic

•Purity•Hygienic•Clean•Goodness•Empty•Elegant •Sophisticated

ExamplesHere are some examples of colours being applies to products in order to create association.

Pearl Drops ToothpasteThe packaging is white which suggests cleanliness and hygiene. The blue on the label gives the impression that the toothpaste is cool and fresh.

Nature Valley Oats ‘n’ Honey CerealHere, they have used green to try to create the impression that this cereal is healthy and only has natural ingredients. This is to make people think that this cereal is good for them.

Cacharel Amor AmorCacharel describe this perfume as ‘a passionate feminine fragrance’. In this instance they have used red to communicate the idea of passion. The red also makes the bottle very eye catching and would make people in the shop notice it.

Irn BruThey have chosen to make the can orange and blue, which as you will remember from the colour wheel, are contrasting colours. This makes the can eye catching and so will grab people’s attention when it is in shops. The orange also gives a sense of energy and fun.

This section will teach you about the following:Click a topic to skip to it.

Types of signs

Symbols

Signs and symbols are used everywhere in day to day life and you probably don’t realise it. They are used to convey information to people through pictures, or symbols, and colour.

There are different types of signs:•Mandatory•Prohibition•Warning •Safe Condition

Here are some you may recognise:

Mandatory SignsColour: Blue circular background with white text or symbolMeans: Instruction on sign MUST be followed.Example:

Prohibition SignsColour: White background, red circle with a line through, black picture and text.Means: Tells you what you MUST NOT do.Example:

Safe Condition SignsColour: Green square or rectangular background and white text or symbol.Means: Tells you what to do in case something goes wrongExample:

Warning SignsColour: Yellow triangular background with black text and/or symbol.Means: Warns of a hazardExample:

SymbolsIn industry, architects, engineers and builders have to work with drawings. This means that symbols have to be standardised so that everyone can use the same ones so it is easy to look at and interpret drawings from other companies, countries etc.

These symbols are used to show various elements such as materials, appliances, wires, switches, sockets etc.

On the next slide you will find some of the symbols you need to know.

BathSink TopSink

Shower Tray

Washbasin

Switch SocketBulb

Concrete InsulationBrickworkSawn Wood

WC

North Symbol

N

3rd Angle Projection SymbolBSI Kitemark

Remember that in the exam only the given names for the symbols will be accepted. You will not receive any marks for your own variation.

Diameter symbol

R

Indicates radius size

This section will teach you about the following:Click a topic to skip to it.

Introduction to line types

Types of lines and their uses

Line Types

Different line types are used within drawings to illustrate different things. Just like with signs and symbols, line types have to be standardised so that anyone from any company, workplace or country can understand what all the line types mean.

There are different names for the types of lines:•Outline•Projection•Centre •Hidden detail•Fold•Cutting plane

OutlineThese are used to draw the final outline of a shape or drawing. They are drawn thicker than a projection line.

ProjectionThese are the lines that are used to construct the drawing. They are drawn in very lightly and are not part of the outline.

Centre These are drawn to show the middle of an object or indicate symmetry. These lines are represented as a long dash followed by a short dash.

Hidden DetailThese are used to show areas of an object which cannot be seen from the current angle, but which still exist. They are drawn as a dashed line.

FoldThese are the lines that are used in surface developments e.g. a cone or pyramid, to show where it would be folded. It is represented as a long dash followed by two short dashes.

Cutting PlaneThese are used in sectional drawings to show where the object would be cut. They are drawn the same way as centre lines, with both ends being slightly thicker. The arrows indicate the direction in which you are supposed to be looking and the letters indicate the name of the section.

A A

Cross-HatchingThese are thin 45° lines drawn to show the surface produced by a cutting plane.

3rd Angle Projection SymbolThis symbol is added to diagrams to help explain their layout. Third angle projection is the standard layout for orthographic drawings where heights, breadths and lengths are projected between views.

Dimensions or measurements are essential on most production drawings as enable the engineer to manufacture the product or construct buildings. In most drawings, the millimetre is the standard unit or measurement. However where larger sizes are required, such as in site plans, the metre is often used.

Rules of dimensioning-Each dimension should be shown on the drawing only once. -Place the dimensions on your drawing so that they can be read from either the bottom or the right hand side. -Always measure in millimetres, unless instructed otherwise. -Figures should not touch outlines, dimension lines or centre lines. -Ø before a dimension denotes the diameter of a circle. R denotes the radius.-On circles, always dimension the diameter – never the radius.-On curves, arcs and rounded corners, always show the radius.

Dimension LinesWhere possible, place the dimension lines outside the outline. Arrowheads should be small and slim, with the point of the arrowhead touching the projection lines.

Projection/ Leader LinesThese lines enable the dimension to be placed outside the outline of the drawing. Leave a small gap to avoid confusing the leader line with the outline.

Always show the diameter of a circle, never its radius. He radius should only be stated when showing the size of a curve, arc or rounded corner.

Overall dimensions are placed further away from the drawing

Intermediate dimensions are placed along a line like this. This is known as chain dimensioning.

Figures on vertical dimension lines are read from the right hand side.

When more than one dimension is taken from a datum line, they are set out like this. This is known as parallel dimensioning.More than one dimension can

be taken from a single line. This line is known as a Datum line.


Common CAD commands

Advantages of CAD software

Advantages of CAG software

Layers

Layers are used in industry to simplify drawings. Different layers are used for different elements of the drawing and often each layer is colour coded.

For example one layer may be used to show plumbing and so only the plumbing elements would be shown on it. Another might be used to electrics, another for windows and doors and so on.

Users can toggle between layers and switch selected layers on and off. Layers can also be viewed altogether on top of one another so that users can see everything at once. This is the electronic equivalent of drawing on tracing paper.

Snap to gridThis makes the curser jump to one of the corners of the grid. This means that CAD can be done much more quickly and accurately.

CAD LibraryThis is a collection of symbols to represent different components such as electrical appliances, furniture, sockets etc. This is used in architectural drawings as it means the user does not have to make up a symbol for everything, making it much quicker to complete drawings.

Box / Ring ArrayThis tools allows the user to duplicate a shape and paste it either in a ring or in rows and columns. This saves time individually copying and pasting the shape.

MirrorThis tools allows the user to reflect a drawn shape along an edge or about a predefined axis. This saves time as it means that the user does not have to redraw anything and it is more accurate as it is perfectly symmetrical.

ZoomThis allows the user to have a closer, more detailed look at an object. It makes the object come towards the screen, making it bigger. Users can also zoom out to make it smaller and see more of the object.

Copy and PasteThis allows the user to duplicate and object exactly as it is. This means that the object does not have to be redrawn.

FilletThis command changes the corner of an object to make it rounded. This means that the user does not have to draw the corner as a separate curve.

ChamferThis command changes the corner to a 45O line. This means that the user does not have to draw this line at 45O separately.

RotateThis allows the user to turn an object about a point any number of degrees. This shape has been rotated 90o.

TangentThis allows the user to join a line to a circle at a tangent. The lines connecting the two circles have been drawn using the tangent tool.

Trim/ExtendTrim allows the user to take away excess parts of a line between the end of the line and another edge. Extend allows the user to make a line longer to meet another edge of a shape. Above, the red line has been extended to meet the square while the yellow line has been trimmed to meet it.

BreakThis tool allows the user to remove part of a line between two edges without having to remove the whole line and redraw the remaining parts. Above, the part of the line that is inside the circle has been removed without having to redraw the other lines.

Advantages of using 3D CAD software

•Models can be produced for free as opposed to making a physical 3D model which saves companies time and money.

•Some packages allow surfaces to be rendered to look like realistic materials and so it is easy to obtain a client presentation model.

•Orthographic drawings can be produced from the 3D CAD model at the click of a button and multiple copies can easily be obtained.

•Productivity is increased as 3D models can be produced very quickly and more accurately.

•Models are very easy to alter, save and send electronically.

Disadvantages of using 3D CAD software

•Cost of maintaining and updating the computer software.

•Initial set up costs can be very expensive.

•Risk of computer failure and loss of work if it is not backed up.

•Staff may need to be trained in how to use the software which could be costly and time consuming.

•Manual drawing skills may deteriorate because of the use of CAD packages.

Word ProcessingUsed for: Inputting and editing text. They are used to produce a wide range of text documents. Font type and size can be changed and the alignment and line spacing can be changed. Can be used when little or no graphics are required. Example: Microsoft word.

SpreadsheetsUsed for: Inputting and automatically calculating tables of numbers. Financial reports can be created from a spreadsheet and it can also be used to create graphs and charts. Example: Microsoft Excel.

Desktop Publishing (DTP)Used for: Creating publications which are a mix of text and graphics. They are often used to create magazine or newspaper pages, brochures, leaflets and books. DTP programs are much less rigid than word processing. Example: Microsoft Publisher.


Types of hardware

Input Devices

Output Devices

The development of computers has significantly changed the way in which graphics are produced. This means that designers can create graphics more quickly and realistically. Two examples of advanced computer graphics are animation and simulation.

Computer animation:Animation (moving images) was originally created by redrawing thousands of images by hand, which varied by tiny amounts. When these were played together one after another very quickly, the images appeared to be moving. This was a very slow and labour intensive process. Modern animation software creates movement by moving the graphic images along a plotted path. Animation can also assist in education e.g. showing how a machine works, how blood flows through the body etc.

Computer Simulation:Computer simulation uses computer models to imitate or predict real life situations. Training, testing and predicting outcomes are the most common uses of simulation. They can be used to train pilots or drivers to cope with dangerous situations by allowing them to interact with the simulation.It can also be used to test structures in civil engineering to gauge how they will work or withstand certain situations.

StorageA PC normally contains several disc drives such as an internal hard drive and one or more removable-disc drives. The hard drive can be used daily for storage of work but removable methods of storage have three uses:

-Copying/Moving files: When computers are not linked together through a network, this is the easiest way to move files from one computer to another.

-Backing up files: Back up copies of important files are made as insurance against files accidentally being deleted or corrupted.

-Archiving files: Removable methods of storage mean that files that are not used regularly can be saved and stored elsewhere. This frees up space on the hard drive.

StorageMethods of Storage

Memory stick/ pen drive:Small, durable, solid state storage devices. Most models now have a capacity measured in GB.

Removable Hard Drive:Similar to a memory stick but have much bigger capacities. These are normally used for backing up a whole computer rather than just saving individual files.

StorageMethods of Storage

Recordable Compact Disc (CD-R) and DVD:Both are optical mediums which can be read in any CD-ROM drives but need special drives to record. DVDs have a much bigger capacity than CD-Rs.

3.5” Floppy Disc:This is hardly ever used today because of much bigger and more reliable methods of storage. It is a magnetic medium which allows data to be stored onto it from a floppy disc drive. Most modern computers today do not have one of these drives.

What is hardware?Hardware is anything that connects to a computer than is physical i.e. you can physically touch it.

Hardware can be divided into two categories:

•Input devices•Output devices

Input devices are devices which are used to put information into the computer.

Output devices are devices which are used to get information out of the computer.

Some devices such as storage devices can be both input and output.

Input DevicesHere are some examples of input devices that you will need to know about.

Keyboard

Used to input text and numbers into the computer.

Mouse

Used to guide the curser around the screen. Users can point and click on things to select them. Some mice, like the one shown opposite, have a wheel which allows the user to scroll up and down a page or zoom in and out.

Graphics Tablet

This device is essentially an electronic pen and paper. Drawings can be done onto the tablet using the pen and an electronic signal is sent to the computer, making the drawing appear on the monitor.

Tracker ball

This device is like an upside down roller ball mouse. The device stays stationary while the user moves the ball around the move the curser on the screen. The tracker ball also has two buttons, just like a mouse, to select items on the screen.

Digital Camera

Scanner

Pictures taken on these cameras are stored digitally and can then be downloaded onto a computer to be saved to a file or added into a document.

This device is used to transfer paper documents into the computer where they can be saved electronically. If the computer has Optical Character Recognition software then text can be scanned into the computer and then edited in a word document.

Output DevicesHere are some examples of output devices that you will need to know about:

Drum Plotter

Inkjet Printer

This device is used for printing drawings up to A0 in size. The paper moves forward through the printer while the pen moves from side to side across the paper.

This device is used mainly for home printing. It works by firing minute drops of ink onto the paper through a print nozzle. They provide excellent quality of colour and can produce almost photographic quality. They do take quite a long time to print.

Laser Printer

These are usually used for home printing and by small businesses. They are used for relatively short print runs. The laser draws the image to be printed onto an electrically charged rotating drum. The laser removes charge from the white areas of the image leaving the image areas to attract the toner which is then fused onto the paper by a heat process. These are the best quality printers.

Flat Bed Plotter

These are only used in conjunction with CAD programs. They can only produce line drawings and cannot print photographs. The size of the printed drawing is limited by the size of the bed.

OBLIQUE

In oblique drawings, the front face of the object is drawn straight on as if you were standing right in front of it. This face shows the height and length of the object. The breadth of the object is shown by projecting all the corners back at an angle of 45°. Normally when drawing in 3D we would measure the breadth along this angled line but with oblique it does not look proportional if we do this so we must HALF any sizes that show depth or breadth.

ISOMETRIC

Isometric drawing is a method of pictorial drawing where all three dimensions and three surfaces are shown in one view. Isometric means ‘having equal measure’. Heights are projected vertically and lengths and breadths are projects at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. Unlike oblique, all of the measurements are drawn to full size.

These are both types of pictorial drawings.

ORTHOGRAPHIC

Orthographic projection shows 3-Dimensional objects as 2-Dimensional drawings. The most common orthographic projection system is called third angle projection and is commonly used all over the world, making drawings easy to interpret anywhere.

The object is normally shown in up to four different views:

-the elevation, viewed from the front.

-The plan, viewed from the top.

-The end elevations, viewed from either end.

The views are always set out in the same way. Dimensions (lengths, breadths and heights) and other features such as edges and corners are projected between views using the parallel slide or set squares.

PLANOMETRIC

Planometric views are a pictorial drawing which is commonly favoured by architects and interior designers to show the inside of a room. They are simple to construct and give a clearer picture of interior spaces than an isometric drawing would. The drawing shows the object as if the viewer was hovering above the room.

The base is a true plan rotated round to 30°, 45° or 60°. All of the vertical edges remain vertical and project upwards from the base. Vertical measurements (heights) should be drawn full size.

This is a type of pictorial drawing.

PERSPECTIVE

Perspective drawings are normally only done as a sketch. They are commonly used by designers, illustrators and architects. Perspective sketches look realistic as they represent what the eye would see in real life.

Perspective sketching often starts with a horizon line. The vanishing points always line on the horizon line as this is the furthest away point that the eye can see.

Perspective has the effect of depths getting shorter as they get further away towards the vanishing points. The height also gets shorter as the object approaches the vanishing point.

Perspective drawings can have one or two vanishing points, both creating a slightly different image.

These are both types of pictorial drawings.

Floor PlanA floor plan is a type of sectional view. It represents the plan view of a building with the roof removed to see inside to show:-The arrangement of rooms.-The position of windows and doors.-The types of walls. Floor plans are used by builders, plumbers, electricians and joiners to help plan the construction work.The scale of the plan depends of the size if the building but for most it is a scale of 1:50.

Site/ Block PlanA site/block plan shows the site boundary and the outline of the new building which are highlighted in the location plan. Paths, roads and neighbouring plots are also shown. This type of plan enables the builder to mark out the site., lay drainage pipes and build manholes. It is also submitted to the local government planning department for approval. These types of plans also show the position of the building within the plot and often show the dimensions. For houses and small buildings a typical scale would be about 1:200.

Location PlanThe location plan is the first set of plans in the project set. It identifies the location of the proposed new building within its surroundings. Neighbouring buildings and their boundaries are shown as well as roads, street names and fields. The new building and plot are outlined with a thick black line and are sometimes, but not always, cross-hatched. The direction arrow always indicates North. A typical scale of 1:1250 is often used for location plans.

Revision

This is the revision section of the power point. This section will allow you to practice real past paper questions. Try these questions first and then press the button at the bottom of the page to reveal the answers to check if you are right.

If you are not sure of a certain area of the KI sections, press the home button to return to the revision notes.

The questions are split into Credit, General and Foundation for you to pick the appropriate level for you.

1. Study the signs below and insert the missing information. The first one is done for you.

Sign Type: Safe conditionBorder colour: NoneBackground colour: Green

Sign Type:Border colour:Background colour:



2. Colours can be used for many different reasons and in many different situations.

a) State an appropriate colour to use in the following situations:

i) To represent health and vitality:Colour………………………………………

ii) To represent something that is hot:Colour………………………………………

iii) To represent something that is environmentally friendly:Colour………………………………………

iv) To contrast with yellow:Colour………………………………………

v) To harmonise with red:Colour………………………………………

b) State the effect created by using a receding colour for the background of a presentation drawing.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) State what must be added to a primary colour to obtain a tertiary colour.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) State two tertiary colours that contain red.1)……………………………………………… 2)………………………………………………

3. Designers use many different types of drawings when working on new designs. Study the drawings shown and answer the questions below.

a) i) State the individual names for the given views 1 to 4: View 1………………………………….. View

2…………………………………………View 3………………………………….. View

4…………………………………………

ii) State the general name given to the views 1 to 4:Answer………………………………………………………….

b) State the angle X on view 1:Angle…………………………………………………………….

c) State the name given to the Point P shown in view 3.Answer………………………………………………………….

d) State the name given to Line H shown in view 4.Answer………………………………………………………….

4. Study the building drawings opposite.

a) Identify the symbols A, B, C, D and E in the kitchen floor plan:

A……………………………………………………………………………

B……………………………………………………………………………

C…………………………………………………………………………..

D…………………………………………………………………………..

E…………………………………………………………………………..

b) Identify the symbols F, G and H in the bathroom floor plan:

F……………………………………………………………………………

G…………………………………………………………………………..

H…………………………………………………………………………..

5. Drawings of a van are shown opposite. State the single CAD commands that would be used to create the following:

a) The straight edge shown at A:…………………………………………….

b) The rounded corner at B:…………………………………………….

c) The curved surface at C:…………………………………………….

d) The angled corner at D:…………………………………………….

e) The circumference of the wheel at E…………………………………………….

f) The name of the view at F:…………………………………………….

g) The gap in the line at G:…………………………………………….

h) The identical wheel at H:…………………………………………….

i) Identical feature shown at I:…………………………………………….

j) The enlarged view of the wheel at J:…………………………………………….

6. The use of CAD systems is now well established in many different industries that use graphics.a) Look at the features shown in Box A and, in the box provided, state the single CAD command that would be used to change the feature to what is shown in Box B.

b) State the names of two devices that could be used to obtain hard copies of drawings produced using a CAD system.1)……………………………………………………………… 2)……………………………………………………………….

c) i) Explain what is meant by the term ‘back-up’ when referring to work done using a CAD system. ……………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...ii) Why is good practice to make a back-up?……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

1. A company that designs toys now uses computers for all its graphics needs. a) Other than speed of production, state three advantages of using computers compared to

manual methods of producing new designs. 1)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

b) State three disadvantages of using computers for this purpose.1)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

c) State the type of software package that would be used for the following:1) Creating an advertising leaflet containing text and graphics.

2)Producing a fully dimensioned production drawing.3)Creating a fully rendered graphic of a new product.

d) State the name of a device that could be used to copy manually rendered graphics to a computer’s memory.

e) What is meant by the term ‘compatible’ when applied to different software?

2) When choosing the colour scheme for a new travel shop, choice of colour is very important.a) Complete the table below:

Associated with safety

First Aid cabinet

RedShop Front

Blue-violetBrochure display area

Represents cleanliness

Ceiling

BlueFloor covering

YellowInterior Walls

REASONCOLOURAREA

c) State a colour which could be used for the seating area, which will harmonise with the floor.……………………………………………………

b) State one advancing and one receding colour from this colour scheme.Advancing…………………………………….Receding………………………………………

d) State how you would create a tertiary colour.

e) State the effect created by using so many contrasting colours in the same colour scheme.

Computer animation and simulation are used in the design of helicopters and the training of pilots.

a) Describe the main difference between animation and simulation.

b) State two advantages of using a simulator to train pilots

c) State how computer animation of a new design could be of use to the marketing department of a company.

d) The aerodynamics of a helicopter were checked using computer simulation. State one other design factor that could be investigated using computer simulation.

A mobile phone company uses computers for all their design work.

a) Speed and accuracy are two advantages of using CAD software. State three more advantages of CAD over manual methods for producing these designs.

b) Hardware and software costs are a disadvantage of using CAD. State three other disadvantages to the company of using CAD software.

c) State two input devices that could be used to transfer the company’s existing manual drawings into the computer’s memory.

d) State one reason why the company always creates a back-up at the end of each day.

The use of CAD has helped production of new designs.

a) Explain what the term ‘layer’ means when using CAD software.

b) State two types of plotter that can be used to produce hard copies of CAD drawings:

c) Explain what the term ‘compatible’ means when applied to software.

1)

a) Complete the following table by ticking whether an item is an input, output or storage device.

Hard Disc

Scanner

Printer

Keyboard

StorageOutputInputName

b) Explain what is meant by the term ‘hard copy’.

c) State why it is important to store work at regular intervals on the computer.

Green

Yellow-Orange

Blue

Blue-green

Violet

Red

TertiarySecondaryPrimary Colour

2) Use the colour wheel to help you.

a) In the table below, indicate with a tick whether colours are primary, secondary or tertiary.

b) State two colours which are in harmony with yellow.

b) State two colours which are in contrast with yellow.

3) Pupils working on their Illustration and Presentation folios often use different hardware and software packages.

a) Below is a list of software packages. In the table below, state which of these software packages would be used for each task.

List of software

- DTP

- Illustration/ Paint

- Word Processing

- 2-D CAD Produce a computer generated illustration

Produce a display with texts and graphics

Produce an orthographic drawing with dimensions

Software UsedSituation

b) Below is a list of hardware. In the table below, state which of these pieces of hardware would be used for each task.

List of Hardware:

- Inkjet Printer

- Plotter

- Keyboard

- Scanner Copy a manual drawing to the computer's memory

Input text

Obtain a hard copy of an orthographic drawing

Hardware UsedSituation

4) Study the table below and tick whether it is an advantage or disadvantage of CAG software.

The speed with which new drawings are produced.

The greater accuracy of drawings.

The possible loss of data.

Storage of drawings takes up less space.

The ability to create a library of commonly used features.

The cost of updating the computer software packages

The need to train staff to use the computers.

The speed with which mistakes can be changed.

DisadvantageAdvantageStatement

5) Three views of a junction box are shown.

a) State the name given to these types of view.

b) State the name of the line types shown at P, Q, R, S and T.

P

Q

R

S

T

c) State the name given to View A.

d) State the angle used for the lines at T.




P

Q

R

S

T






P

Q

R

S

T



A bar chart showing the sales of LCD and plasma televisions is shown.

a) State the name given to this type of chart.

b) State the month that had the most plasma TV sales.

c) State the number of months in which plasma and LCD TV sales were equal.

d) State the month that had the most sales of LCD TVs.

e) State the month that the sales of LCD TVs equalled 220,000.

f) State the number of months that plasma TV sales equalled 100,000.

graphic communication

Documents

harmonising colours

cool colours

warm colours

primary coloursprimary

examples of receding

examples of advancing

violetbluegreenyel colours

colour wheel