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GPS BASED REAL TIME VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION :-

Vehicle Tracking Systems were used from past as a part of Navigation systems . Ships used tohold a device which recorded a log of all positions and directions the ship moved over the sea.These were called passive vehicle tracking systems. These tracking systems were crude and

very less accurate. As communication systems developed day by day , a demand for real timevehicle tracking with advanced communication techniques rose. This need increased as thenumber of vehicles on road/rail and their safety requirement increased . Henceforth thedevelopment of GPS Satellites and its freely available broadcast messages triggered the need tomanufacture precision instruments. Thus this project aims at providing a mobile device attachedto vehicle's pilot cabin , constantly broadcasting Position , Velocity and Time (Real Time) forlive monitoring and logging of these information to nearest Base Station. Keeping in mind thecost of standalone GPS Navigators available in the market , the design of this Vehicle tracker ismade in such a way that it can be easily affordable and robust for use by Public Transportsectors.

OBJECTIVE :-

i) Exploring the GPS receiver module for study of data formats and configuring itproperly.

ii) Developing the GPS Tracking Devices' (In Vehicle Unit) Hardware by interfacingvarious other components required and design a circuit board.

iii) Writing the main driver program for the Central Processing Unit and burning it in theFlash ROM of the MCU for controlling and configuring all attached peripherals.

iv) Reading data from GPS unit, processing it, displaying it and its transmission to CentralBase Station through Wireless Devices.

v) Developing a Web based Graphical User Interface to read real time data arriving at the

Base Station and displaying on a Browser.

FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS :-

The prime functional blocks are :i) IN VEHICLE UNITii) TRACKING SERVER.

The corresponding steps involved for this project are broadly subdivided as :

i) Data Acquisition: The device used for Data acquisition from Satellite is a GPS

antennae. The antennae brings up the analog signals from multiple satellites at a time (8to 12) depending upon the signal strength. The data available here will be following thestandard NMEA protocol. This is converted to TTL logic level by a hardware circuitryand data is available on its SPI (Serial Port Interface).

ii) Data Processing : The data available from the GPS module is read serially and stored inthe stack memory of the Microcontroller (MCU) . The currently stored sentence is readby a program running on MCU and it is parsed to get values for different attributes. Theinformation from the GPS as GPRMC format( Recommended Minimum Specific GNSSData) . This is one of the standard format given by Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS). The attributes are then converted to their specified SI units.

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iii) Data Forwarding and Display : The parsed data which has been processed is displayedonto a LCD by an interfacing program module. Simultaneously a subroutine sets up aRF Transmitter to connect to a network for wireless transmission of the same data to theBase Station (Central Server). This is done using a GPRS Modem which uses 2G GSMNetwork. Alternatively a TCP/IP Hence the retrieved information from a mobile Vehicle( for ex a moving train) is available on the Database of the Base Station. A predefinedStation Look-Up Table finds out the Approaching Station from the (Latitude ,

Longitude) value set and displays it on a Web browser.The whole phenomena is repeated at a certain frequency and the web page is

refreshed at a certain interval for updating to the latest available information.

Block Diagram (Abstract view) :-