golongan darah_psik b.ppt

7/28/2019 golongan darah_PSIK B.ppt

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GOLONGAN DARAH

Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan B

Dr. dr. Endang Sriwahyuni, MS.Maret 2008


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Golongan Darah

Perbedaan golongan darah setiap orang disebabkan olehkarena adanya Antigen (Ag) Aglutinogen pada dindingeritrosit dan adanya antibody spesifik (Ab) Aglutinin di dalamplasmanya

darah donor + resipien

Tidak cocok transfusioleh karena terjadi aglutinasi


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Golongan Darah ABO

Gol. Darah Ag. Ab.O - Anti A & anti B

A A Anti BB B Anti AAB AB -


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Blood Types with their Genotypes and theirconstituent Agglutinogens and Agglutinins

Genotypes Blood types Agglutinogens Agglutinins

OO O - Anti A andAnti B

OA or AA A A Anti B

OB or BB B B Anti A

AB AB A and B -


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Relative Frequenciesof the Different Blood Types

The prevalence of the different BloodTypes among one group of persons

studied was approximately :O 47 %A 41 %B 9 %AB 3 %


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Blood typing, showing Agglutination of cells

of the different blood types with Anti A orAnti B Agglutinins in the Sera

Red Blood

Cells Types

Sera

Anti A Anti BO - -A + -

B - +AB + +


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Reaksi silang

Penting dikerjakan sebelum transfusi darahEritrosit & serum antara donor & resipien direaksikan secarasilang invitro r. s. mayor : erit. donor + serum resipien ada /

tidaknya aglutinin resipien yg mungkin merusak erit.donor

r. s. minor : serum donor + erit. resipien ada / tidaknyaaglutinin donor yg mempengaruhi erit. resipien.

Aglutinin donor dalam sirkulasi sangat diencerkan olehplasma resipien < berbahaya r.s. minor dianggap

kurang penting


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Contoh :

Ag AbD A : A anti BR B : B anti A

m (+) M (+)

Sangat diencerkan dalam tubuh R

< penting


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Golongan darah Rhesus

Ag. golongan darah Rh, biasanya mempunyaiantigenisitas lemah, kecuali Ag D disebutAg. Rh

Ag Rh dalam erit golongan Rh (ada AgRh) Ag Rh dalam erit golongan Rh (tidak adaRh)


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Anyone who has this type of antigen (D antigen) issaid to be Rh positive, whereas a person whodoes not have type D antigen is called to be Rh

negativeIt can still cause transfusion reactions usuallymuch milder

About 85 % of all white people are Rh positiveand 15 % Rh negative

In American blacks the percentage of Rh positiveis about 95, whereas in African blacks, it is

virtually 100 percent


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Rh Blood Types

The major difference betweenAOB system Rh system

The plasma agglutininsresponsible for causingtransfusion reactionsdevelop spontancously

Spontaneous agglutininsalmost never occur

The person must firstbe massively exposed toan Rh antigen


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When RBC containing Rh factorAre injected

Blood does not contain Rh factor/Rh negativeperson

Anti Rh agglutinins develop slowly

Reaching maximum concentration of agglutininsabout 2 to 4 months later


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If an Rh negative person has never before beenexposed to Rh positive blood

Transfusion of Rh positive

No Immediate reaction

Then its hemolyzed by the tissue macrophagesystem

A delayed transfusion reaction occurs, although itis usually mild


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N : Pada golongan darah Rh ( ) Tidak ada Ab anti Rh ( )terpapar golongan darah Rh dari transfusi ataudarah bayi waktu lahir

Reaksi pembentukan Ab. Anti Rhterpapar lagi Rh

Darah tsb akan dihancurkan oleh Ab. anti Rh


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Ibu Rh bayi Rh kehamilan baik oleh karena darahbayi placenta ibu. Waktu persalinan jaringanplacenta rusak darah bayi ke ibu.

imunitas ibu membentuk Ab anti Rh. Beberapa tahunkemudian, ibu hamil II : bayi Rh anti Rh ibu ke bayi

menghancurkan darah bayi anemia hemolitik Erythroblastosis Fetalis


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Erythroblastosis Fetalis

Is a disease of the fetus and newborn child

Characterized by aglutination andphagocytosis of the fetuss RBCs


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Treatment of the Erythroblastosis Fetalis

To replace the neonates blood with Rh ()blood by infused over period of 1,5 ormore hours while the neonates own Rh (+)blood is being removed (during the firstfew weeks of life)

golongan darah_psik b.ppt

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