glyn moody - the culture of freedom: free software, free speech
TRANSCRIPT
free software, free speech
glyn moody
30+ years of free software
Richard Stallman (born 1953)
hacker at MIT's AI Lab
free operating system
GNU project 1983 "GNU's Not Unix"
GNU General Public Licence written constitution for hackers
20+ years of Linux
Linus Torvalds (born December 1969)
"I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu)" - 25 August 1991
Linux 0.01 (10 users)- September 1991
Linux 0.12 (100s users) - January 1992
Linux 1.0 (100,000s users) - March 1994
15+ years of open source
Freeware Summit April 1998 Richard Stallman not invited
avoid ambiguity of "free software"
"freeware", "sourceware", "freed software", "open source"
suggested by Christine Peterson, Foresight Institute
Open Source Definition other licences
free/libre/open source software won
Internet the Web itself is open source Apache, nginx, BIND, Sendmail
supercomputers 93% of top 500 supercomputers run Linux
smartphones 80% run Android
embedded/Internet of Things
what is free software?
a philosophy (Richard Stallman) the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose.
the freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish.
the freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbour.
the freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others.
what is open source?
a methodology (Linus Torvalds) Net-based open to everyone liberal licence collaborative modular
produces better code, more quickly, that spreads more rapidly
open innovation
open methodology
open content
open access
open data
open science
open government
open hardware
open everything...
open content
Wikipedia (2001)
Creative Commons licences (2001)
social media sharing Blogger, Tumblr Facebook, vKontakte Twitter, Google+, Sina Weibo YouTube, Dailymotion, Vimeo Flickr, Instagram WhatsApp, Snapchat, Viber, WeChat, Tencent QQ
open access
arXiv preprint repository 16 August 1991 - 9 days before 1st announcement of Linux
Paul Ginsparg knew of Richard Stallman knew free software, used it
Public Library of Science (PLOS) August 2001 inspired by arXiv public genome databases
open data
Human Genome Project (1990) collaborative open genomic data Bermuda Principles (1996): rapid release of data into public domain
OpenStreetMap (2004) collaborative open map data inspired by Wikipedia
open journalism bellingcat.com (2014) "open source" information
open science
chemistry: Blue Obelisk "driven by a belief in Open Source, Open Standards and Open Data, expressed in code, data, algorithms, specifications, tutorials, demonstrations, articles"
mathematics: Gowers's Polymath
astronomy: Galaxy Zoo 100,000 people classified 900,000 galaxies
open hardware
Arduino (2005) single-board microcontroller for interactive projects
open source cars
open source 3D printer - RepRap self-replicating open source code open source hardware
open everything
open source wellness shoes
open politics (crowdsourcing) Icelandic constitution Finnish copyright reform
open money Bitcoin Core (MIT licence)
open blockchain
open publishing
applying the open source methodology to publishing
Net-based open to everyone liberal licence collaborative modular
net-based
"Freedom of the press is guaranteed only to those who own one" - A. J. Liebling
the Internet is our universal press, almost free (low barriers)
overturns 5000 years of publishing inequality
open to everyone
default setting is open
vast majority of blogs are free
removing barriers to access
blogs are the antithesis to earlier control of information
completes revolution begun by printing and literacy
liberal licence
refers to creative elements, not the code
encourages re-use (at best) or quotation and linking (at least)
indeed, mostly no licence, because there is a presumption that things will be passed on
collaborative
liberal licensing - whether explicit or implicit - encourages commentary and re-use
replaces competitive ethos of traditional publishing
encourages building on existing work
introduces new ethics: always give attribution and linkback
modular
multiple levels
blogs are granular millions of them on every subject imaginable
can serve micromarkets
basic unit is the blog post
easy to write large numbers of posts, as often as desired
power of open publishing
Berkman analysis: "networked public sphere"
"Social Mobilization and the Networked Public Sphere: Mapping the SOPA-PIPA Debate" (2013)
Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA)
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)
same trajectory as SOPA/PIPA and ACTA
a superior metaphor
open publishing
not an "echo chamber" cacophony of overlapping voices suggests inferior copies something far superior
symphony of voices sometimes harmonious, sometimes dissonant
supersaturated solution
have a "super" time
@glynmoody on Twitter@glynmoody on identi.ca+glynmoody on Google+
opendotdotdot.blogspot.com