geoprofiling and other geo-spatial methods against metal theft confidential sncf london, september...
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Exploiting geo-spatial analysis
Geoprofiling and other geo-spatial methods against metal theft
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
London, September 15th, 2015
Every time a security incident occurs on the network a CEZAR form is filled in.
CEZAR is SNCF’s security incidents database.
CEZAR means:ConnaissancE des Zones A Risques (knowledge of zones at risk).
Data collection
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
Information on the CEZAR form is entered into the dedicated CEZAR database.
The following typology is used for metal theft:◦ Main category : THEFT◦ Type : SIMPLE THEFT or THEFT WITH INTRUSION◦ Main Consequence : SNCF◦ Second Consequence : METAL or TRACK MATERIAL , ATTEMPTED
THEFT
Other details can be entered :◦ Offenders involved◦ Offenders arrested◦ Victim categories◦ Number of trains affected◦ Total time lost◦ Type of metal and weight◦ Estimated cost
Data collection
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
Data is geolocated:◦ By line number◦ by kilometer post
number where the incident occured on this line number.
This geolocation allows localization mapping of the data:
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
More important for geospatial analysis
Maps address different issues and audiences.
Operational maps: What happened and where? Quick reaction Management of day to day resources
Very simple “dots” maps, conveying their meaning clearly under all conditions.
Exploiting crime mapping
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
Example of map produced
Example of map produced
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
Example of map produced
Tactical maps:Assistance to management in: Resource allocation Hot spot identification Evolution over time Criminal movements Accountability, communication and reporting
Density and chloropeth maps, hot spot analysis, animated maps.
Exploiting crime mapping
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
Example of map produced
Example of map produced
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
Strategic maps: Statistical visualization (correlations, spatial
relative quotient) Problem solving analysis Long term evolution Predictive mapping Geographic profiling Monitoring, assessment, evaluation and
performance reviews Communication
Exploiting crime mapping
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
Example of map produced
GIS (Geographic Information System): ArcGIS 10.2
Geographical databases:◦ Infrastructure geographical database (all the elements
of network infrastructure in vector shapefiles)◦ IGN shapefiles (for administrative limits and elements
in the local environment) ArcGIS Online (for streaming photographic maps
from the Web in GIS) CrimeAnalyst (ArcGIS extension specialized in
crime analysis) RIGEL (geographic profiling)
Tools used at SNCF
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
Geo-profiling is an investigative methodology that uses the locations of a connected series of crimes to determine the most probable area of offender residence (or base, or anchor point).
Originally developed to help police locate serial killers, rapists and arsonists, geographic profiling can be applied to any circumstances where an unidentified person is known to have carried out criminal activities at a series of known geographic points.
Very useful to explore high volume crime series such as metal theft on the railway network.
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
Approaches to geo-profiling
Prioritises areas and individuals for attention
Helps to manage information Is based on what is most likelyWhat geographic profiling is
not… An “X marks the spot” estimation A “silver bullet” A substitute for good investigative work
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
What geographic profiling
does…
Identify a crime series Evaluate suitability for
geographic profiling Verify the linkage and seek
missing data Develop a scenario Create the geographic profile Draw up a suspect list and
prioritize it Produce the report and suggest
investigative strategies
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
The geographic profiling
process
Professional geographic software for police and military analysts
Rigel® is produced and distributed by Environmental Criminology Research Inc. (ECRI) Vancouver, Canada.
Rigel® Software
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
An investigator from the Gendarmerie Nationale (Cooperation Unit) came to us to make a geo-profile of a series of thefts committed on the network.
A series of thefts was detected in the east of France and investigators already had some clues.
They had already done the linkage process and attributed all the offences in the series to the same group of suspected offenders.
Example of geo-profile
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
The thefts were entered in the CEZAR database.
We extracted the entries from the database and made a simple map of their position in ArcGIS.
In this way we could assign geographical coordinates to each of the thefts.
Then the crime sites and clue locations were entered into RIGEL®.
Example of geo-profile
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
Then we produced the first geo-profile based on the scenario involving all the crime sites:
Example of geo-profile
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
High probability zones
Investigators suspected an organized crime group operating in the area. This group used the same modus operandi for each crime. In an abandoned vehicle used by the group, investigators found a piece of metal from the SNCF, this clue allowed them to make the connection between the group and this series of crimes.
Example of geo-profile
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
Investigators made a search of premises used by the group and found more SNCF material.
The premises were found to be within a zone identified by RIGEL.
Example of geo-profile
Zone where the group’s premises were found
CONFIDENTIAL SNCF
