geography urbanisation. is the growth of towns and cities over time when did humans first build...
TRANSCRIPT
GEOGRAPHY
Urbanisation
Urbanisation
Is the growth of towns and cities over time
When did humans first build cities?Where were the first cities?Why did people move to cities?
Growth of an Irish City - Dublin
Six stages of development 1.Viking2.Norman3.Georgian 18th century4.19th Century5.20th century up to 19906.1990 – present (Celtic tiger)
Key points
Cities grew rapidly after industrial revolutionAs towns grew they took on a whole range of
functionsMore people live in urban areas then ruralPoorer countries tend to have larger rural
popTowns / cities in developing(poor) countries
are growing rapidly
Cities – Functional zones
Functional Zones mean –whatever the land is being used for.
1.Zone One = Central Business District (CBD)2.Zone Two = Shopping Area3.Zone Three = Residential Area4.Zone Four = Recreational Areas5.Zone Five = Industrial Area
1.The Central Business District (CBD)
Located in centre of city
Most valuable land Commercial
administrative and social activities
Higher high rise buildings
2. Shopping Area
Located near or around the CBD
City centreHigh street stores
3. Residential Zones
Suburbs and Urban Rural fringe
Apartment blocks Semidetached
housing estatesGeometric patterns
short streets cul de sacs
4. Recreational Zone
Open green areas within cities
Parks Playgrounds Sports fields further
out of city
5. Industrial Zone
Located in suburbsLand needed for large
buildings Residents provide
labourLess traffic
congestion Industrial Estates
Land Use and Values in Cities
Land Value Increased as you move towards the city centre
Building height also increases Retailers locate hereLarger shopping buildings locate in suburbs
e.g.. Large shopping areas ie Mahon Point
Class activity
Label the urban land use model and give a brief description of the characteristics of each zone
Urban Problems
1. Traffic Congestion – lack of investment has caused severe traffic congestion
2. Urban decline/ Urban decay – old derelict sites and poor public inner city housing
3. Inadequate Infrastructure – facilities are often not able to cope with influx of people. Social isolation occurs.
4. Urban sprawl – uncontrolled growth, haphazard unplanned developments
5. Urban Decline / Decay – public housing in bad condition. Old derelict site
6. Unemployment – low skilled jobs located on outskirts of town. Jobs in CBD are highly skilled and beyond the reach of locals
7. Crime – young people living in inner city experience social problems and drug problems. Crime to support habit
Solutions to Urban Problems
1. Traffic Initiatives (National Spatial Strategy – NSS )
Construction of M50 motorway Development of (LUAS) and (DART) Upgrading of Bus Routes and bus lanes Building Dublin’s Port Tunnel. Rigid enforcement of traffic regulation –
clamping and towing
Solutions to urban problems
2. Planning of new towns: Tallaght Built in 1960s to accommodate pop growth
(1,420 1961 – 63,000 2002) Provides services e.g. hospital college
industries Good transport infrastructure Young population structure
Solutions to urban problems
3. Inner city renewal and redevelopment The Historic Area Rejuvenation Project
(HARP) Urban renewal and redevelopment
Class test
Name and describe four problems caused by Urbanisation
Outline three solutions implemented to help resolve urban problems
Residential Accommodation in Cities
Old houses – terraced housingModern apartment blocks Georgian Housing 18th cetury Town housing – high quality apartmentsSemi-detached and detached estate houses
Task: find as many different types of residential accommodation in Mallow as you can?
Commuting to Work in Cities
Commute is the movement of people into and out of cities for work
This has a pattern – chaos routes Rush hours – traffic congestionCan you think of any solutions to this problem?Efficient public transport (rail and bus)Congestion charges references Car pooling Greater incentive to cycle or walk
Urbanisation in the Developing World
Sharp social and economic inequalities Wealth living close to PoorWealthy live in inner city – poor live in
suburbsFaster Population growthUnplanned developmentLack of infrastructure
Urban Problems in the Developing World
Shanty towns - CalcuttaShanty towns develop in poor areas (e.g.
India) Bastis/shanty towns are makeshift dwellings 250,000 pavement dwellers No fresh water, no education waste disposal
or sanitation People live in absolute poverty
Case study – Calcutta
4.5(M) or 30% of the POP live in Bastis (slums)
Street dwellers are the most disadvantaged – 250,000 of these
Development aid is being spent on infrastructure
Supply cant keep up with demand – rural to urban migration is too great
There is a huge contrast between rich and poor
Key Points
Urban Rural CBDCommuters Conurbation UrbanisationUrban fringe Urban redevelopment Urban renewal Urban sprawl
Questions
Name one city you have studied which has shanty towns?
Name and describe three problems for people living in shanty towns?
With reference to one Irish city you have studied – explain the factors which have led to its development (the growth of Dublin over time)
Name any new town in Ireland?Briefly describe two typical features of this new
town? (solutions to Urban Problems)
Urbanisation – Key Points
Development of Dublin over time ( stages of Development)
Functional Zones in the City Commuting to Cities – the Problems Urban Problems (Congestion and Urban
Decline)Solutions to Urban Problems (Case Studies NSS
& DDDA, Development of New Towns – Tallagh)Urbanisation in Developing world – Case study
on shanty towns in Calcutta