genetics whiteboard review
TRANSCRIPT
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Genetics Review
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•Physical characteristics studied in genetics are called ?
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Traits•For example: height, color, dimples, etc.
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•The different forms of a gene are called?
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Alleles•You get one from each parent.•Maybe a dominant from Mom and recessive from Dad
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•A hidden or masked trait in a gene combination is called?
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recessive•You only ‘see’ the recessive trait if there are two of them•Homozygous recessive, ee
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•Show a heterozygous gene combination using the letter G
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Gg•Heterozygous gene combinations have two different genes, one dominant and one recessive
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•How many genes for each trait does an offspring receive from each parent?
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One•You get one gene from each parent.
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•What does a Punnett square show?
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Probability of Genotypes
•The probability of the genotypes of the offspring.•75% chance of being tall•25% chance of being short
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•In genetics a capital letter represents a __________ trait.
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Dominant•All dominant traits are represented with a capital letter.
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•In genetics a lower case letter represents a ___________ trait.
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recessive•Recessive traits are represented with a lower case letter, you must have two of them in order to ‘see’ that trait.
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If G=green and g= blue
What would be the probability of the offspring being blue?
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25%
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If G=green and g=blue
What word describes the genotypes of the parents?
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Heterozygous or Hybrid
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If G=green and g=blue
What words describe the genotype of the blue offspring?
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homozygous recessive or purebred
recessive
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•An organism’s expressed physical trait, such as seed color or shape, is called its ______________.
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Phenotype•A phenotype is an organism’s physical appearance.
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•If purple flowers are dominant to white flowers, what would be the phenotypes of the offspring of a purple homozygous flower with a white homozygous flower?
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PurplePP x pp means all offspring will be Pp,so they will all be purple.
Pp
Pp
Pp Pp
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•Which nitrogen pairs bond with each other?•(hint: A,C,G,T)
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A – T and C – G •Adenine always bonds with Thymine•Cytosine always bonds with Guanine
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•What word describes an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait?
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Homozygous•The prefix ‘homo’ means ‘same’
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List the levels of organization from largest to smallest.
•Use these terms: •DNA, chromosome, gene, nucleus, cell
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Cell – nucleus – chromosome- gene- DNA
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•What is the function of DNA?
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DNA carries all of the genetic information of
the organism.•DNA is the code for how to build and maintain and organism (like you).
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•How do you get a genetic disorder?
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Passed from the genes of a parent
•A genetic disorder is passed from parent to child through the genes, it cannot be ‘caught’ like the flu or the measles.
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•If an offspring has two parents and is a unique individual is it a product of asexual or sexual reproduction?
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Sexual Reproduction
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G = green and g = blue
•Genotype of homozygous dominant
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GG
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G = green and g = blue
•Genotype for hybrid
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Gg
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G = green and g = blue
•Phenotype of homozygous recessive
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blue
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G = green and g = blue
•Phenotype of heterozygous
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Green
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G = green and g = blue
•Phenotype of homozygous dominant
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Green
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G = green and g = blue
•Show the genotypic cross between a purebred blue and a hybrid
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gg x Gg
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G = green and g = blue
•Show a Punnett square for a cross between two heterozygous parents
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G g
GG Gg
gg