mendelian genetics review
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Mendelian Genetics Review. ____________________ is the “Father of Genetics”. Gregor Mendel. _______________ is the passing of traits from parent to offspring. Heredity. A _________ represents the physical characteristics. Phenotype. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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MENDELIAN
GENETICSREVIEW
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____________________ IS THE “FATHER OF GENETICS”.
Gregor Mendel
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_______________ IS THE PASSING OF TRAITS FROM PARENT TO
OFFSPRING.
Heredity
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A _________ REPRESENTS THE PHYSICAL
CHARACTERISTICS.
Phenotype
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HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES WOULD A
HUMAN HAVE IN THEIR SKIN CELLS?
46
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___________ ARE TWO FORMS OF A GENE
(DOMINANT & RECESSIVE)
Alleles
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HOW WOULD YOU WRITE A HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT GENOTYPE (USE THE 2ND
LETTER OF THE ALPHABET )
BB
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A HOMOZYGOUS GENOTYPE CAN ALSO BE
CALLED _____________
Pure
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WHICH LAW STATES: WHEN DIFFERENT ALLELES FOR A
CHARACTERISTIC ARE INHERITED (HETEROZYGOUS), THE TRAIT OF ONLY ONE (THE DOMINANT ONE)
WILL BE EXPRESSED?Law of Dominance
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WHAT SEX CHROMOSOMES ARE
PRESENT FOR A MALE?
XY
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WHAT DOES THE P GENERATION REPRESENT?
Parent’s genotypes
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A CROSS BETWEEN TWO HYBRIDS WILL ALWAYS CREATE
WHAT PHENOTYPIC RATIO?BE SPECIFIC!!!!
3 dominant : 1 recessive
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WHAT ORGANISM DID MENDEL USE TO
CONDUCT HIS RESEARCH?
Pea Plants
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WHAT IS THE F1 GENERATION?
The offspring from crossing the P generation
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____________ IS THE STUDY OF HEREDITY
Genetics
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WHICH LAW STATES THE FOLLOWING: EACH FACTOR (GENE)
IS DISTRIBUTED (ASSORTED) RANDOMLY AND INDEPENDENTLY
OF ONE ANOTHER IN THE FORMATION OF GAMETES (EGG OR
SPERM)?Law of Independent Assortment
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A ___________ REPRESENTS THE TYPES OF GENES THAT ARE INHERITED.
Genotype
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HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES DID YOU
INHERIT FROM YOUR MOM?
23
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HOW WOULD YOU WRITE A HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE GENOTYPE (USE THE 2ND
LETTER OF THE ALPHABET )
bb
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A HETEROZYGOUS GENOTYPE CAN ALSO BE
CALLED A _____________
Hybrid
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HOW WOULD YOU WRITE A HETEROZYGOUS
GENOTYPE (USE THE 2ND LETTER OF THE ALPHABET )
Bb
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WHICH LAW STATES: EACH GENETIC TRAIT IS PRODUCED BY A PAIR OF ALLELES WHICH SEPARATE
DURING REPRODUCTION?
Law of Segregation
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LIST THE GAMETES THAT CAN BE PRODUCED FROM
THE FOLLOWING GENOTYPE:
ABAbaBab
AaBb
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A ______ GENE IS THE GENE THAT SHOWS UP MOST OFTEN IN A CROSS; REPRESENTED BY AN
UPPERCASE LETTER
Dominant
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IN GUINEA PIGS, ROUGH COATS (R) ARE DOMINANT TO SMOOTH COATS. WRITE THE GENOTYPE FOR A HOMOZYGOUS
ROUGH COATED GUINEA PIG.
RR
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IN GUINEA PIGS, ROUGH COATS (R) ARE DOMINANT TO SMOOTH COATS. WHAT ARE THE F1
GENOTYPES FROM A CROSS WITH A SMOOTH COATED GUINEA PIG AND A HOMOZYGOUS ROUGH COATED.
Genotype = 100% Rr
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ARE FRATERNAL TWINS OR IDENTICAL TWINS
MORE CLOSELY RELATED?
Identical
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IN GUINEA PIGS, ROUGH COATS (R) ARE DOMINANT TO SMOOTH
COATS. WRITE THE GENOTYPE FOR A SMOOTH COATED GUINEA PIG.
rr
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A ________ IS A CROSS THAT ONLY INVOLVES A
SINGLE TRAIT
Monohybrid cross
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LIST THE GAMETES THAT CAN BE PRODUCED FROM
THE FOLLOWING GENOTYPE:
aB
aaBB
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WHAT ARE TWO FACTORS THAT AFFECT WHO YOU
ARE?
GenesEnvironment
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WHAT SEX CHROMOSOMES ARE
PRESENT FOR A FEMALE?
XX
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HOW COULD A GUINEA PIG BREEDER DETERMINE IF A
BLACK GUINEA PIG IS HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT OR
HETEROZYGOUS?Test cross- cross the guinea pig with a homozygous recessive guinea pig
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________ IS A TOOL USED TO SOLVE GENETIC
PROBLEMS BASED ON PROBABILITY
Punnett Square
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IN GUINEA PIGS, ROUGH COATS (R) ARE DOMINANT TO SMOOTH COATS. WHAT ARE THE F1
PHENOTYPES FROM A CROSS WITH A SMOOTH COATED GUINEA PIG AND A HOMOZYGOUS ROUGH
COATED. Phenotype = 100% Rough coated
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A ________ IS A CROSS THAT INVOLVES TWO
TRAITS
Dihybrid cross
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A ______ GENE IS THE GENE THAT SHOWS UP LESS OFTEN IN A CROSS; REPRESENTED BY A
LOWERCASE LETTER
Recessive
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IN GUINEA PIGS, ROUGH COATS (R) ARE DOMINANT TO SMOOTH COATS. WRITE THE GENOTYPE FOR A HETEROZYGOUS
ROUGH COATED GUINEA PIG.
Rr
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THE ________________________ IS BASED ON THE
GENOTYPE.
phenotype
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WHICH PARENT DETERMINES THE SEX OF
THE CHILD? WHY?
FatherOnly one that can give a Y chromosome
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T OR F: THE TENDENCY TO PRODUCE TWINS RUNS IN A FAMILY.
True
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HOW DO IDENTICAL TWINS FORM?
a zygote from the same egg and same sperm cell spits into two
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IN CORN, SMOOTH SEED TEXTURE (T) IS DOMINANT TO WRINKLED SEED
TEXTURE. COMPLETE A TEST CROSS OF A HYBRID SMOOTH SEED TEXTURE CORN. DETERMINE THE GENOTYPES &
PHENOTYPES OF THE OFFSPRING. NOTE: Test cross= always
cross w/ the homozygous recessive genotype!
G: 50% Tt: 50% tt P: 50% Smooth: 50%
wrinkled
T t t
t
Tt tt
Tt tt
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BROWN EYES (B) ARE DOMINANT TO BLUE EYES. WHAT WOULD BE THE
GENOTYPES AND PHENOTYPES OF A CROSS BETWEEN A HOMOZYGOUS
BROWN EYED INDIVIDUAL AND SOMEONE WITH BLUE EYES.
G: 100% BbP: 100% Brown eyes
B B b
b
Bb Bb
Bb Bb
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2. IN GUINEA PIGS ROUGH COATED (R) IS DOMINANT OVER SMOOTH COATED (R) AND BLACK COLOR (B) IS DOMINANT OVER WHITE COLOR (B). A ROUGH COATED AND BLACK GUINEA PIG, WHOSE MOTHER WAS SMOOTH AND WHITE IS MATED WITH A SMOOTH, WHITE ANIMAL. WHAT ARE THE PARENT GENOTYPES? WHAT ARE THE GENOTYPES AND PHENOTYPES OF THE OFFSPRING? (SEE PUNNETT SQUARE ON NEXT SLIDE FOR ANSWER)
RrBb x rrbb
P Cross =
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RB Rb rB rb rb
rb
rb
rb
RrBb
Rrbb
rrBb
rrbb
F1 Genotypes:25% RrBb25% Rrbb25% rrBb25% rrbb
F1 Phenotypes:25% Rough/Black25% Rough/White25% Smooth/Black25%Smooth/White
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3. IN SQUASH THE COLOR WHITE (W) IS DOMINANT OVER YELLOW AND DISK SHAPE (D) IS DOMINANT OVER SPHERE SHAPE. A) WHEN CROSSING TWO HOMOZYGOUS SQUASHES, ONE WHITE, SPHERE AND THE OTHER YELLOW, DISK. DETERMINE THE PARENT GENOTYPES. THEN DETERMINE THE GENOTYPES AND PHENOTYPES OF THE F1 GENERATION (SEE PUNNETT SQUARE ANSWERS ON NEXT SLIDE.
WWdd x wwDD
P Cross =
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Wd Wd Wd Wd wD
wD
wD
wD
WwDd
F1 Genotype:100% WwDd
F1 Phenotype:
100% White/Disk