GEGeranium

Atomic # : 32Atomic Mass: 72.61Mass # : 41P+ : 32N+- : 41E- : 32

BY: Shaqukell Wilson

DiscoveryFirst proposed to exist by Dmitri Mendeleyev in 1871 based on gaps in his newly created Periodic Table of Elements, Germanium was discovered by the German chemist Clemens Winkler in 1886.

Dmitri Mendeleyev Clemens

Winkler

A New Nonmetallic Element

Silver

Sulphur Mercury

Germanium is not found as the free element in nature. Germanium is found in germanite, argyrodite, and some zinc ores. It is also present in coal. Pure germanium metal is then produced by passing an electric current through molten (melted) germanium chloride. This method produces very pure germanium. This level of purity is needed in order to use the metal in the production of semiconductors. The minerals were to a preliminary investigation with the blowpipe and found as its main components Sulphur and Silver, and a small quantity of Mercury.

PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF

GERMANIUMAtomic Number: 32Atomic Weight: 72.64Melting Point: 1211.40 K (938.25°C or 1720.85°F)Boiling Point: 3106 K (2833°C or 5131°F)Density: 5.323 grams per cubic centimeterPhase at Room Temperature: SolidElement Classification: Semi-metalPeriod Number: 4 Group Number: 14 Group Name : none

Compounds

Oxide(s) : GeO , GeO2Hydride(s) : GeH4 , Ge2H6Chloride : GeCl2 , GeCl4

GERMANIUM USAGE #1

The TransistorA transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch

electronic signals and power. It is composed of a semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled power can be much more than the controlling power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits. Following its release in the early 1950s the transistor revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things. Transistor

Radio

Transistor

GERMANIUM USAGE #2

The ComputerA computer is a programmable machine designed to

sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. An important class of computer operations on some computing platforms is the accepting of input from human operators and the output of results formatted for human consumption. The interface between the computer and the human operator is known as the user interface.

HOW GERMANIUM IMPACTED MY LIFE

Germanium impacted my life because it takes a part in what I use. My computer for example is somehow created from Germanium and I use my computer things like Twitter or Skype and sometimes YouTube. And then there's my camera. Germanium is what's used to create the lens on a camera . Then you have the calculator; my best friend in Algebra I use it everyday and it is also made from Germanium.

FACTS ABOUT GERMANIUM

Germanium is classified as a Metalloid element and is located in Groups 13, 14,15, 16 and 17 of the Periodic Table. An element classified as a Metalloid has properties of both metals and non-metals. Found in argyrodite sulfide of germanium and silver , coal; germanite and zinc ores. Germanium also has the uncommon property that like water it expands as it freezes.

THE COST TO OBTAIN GERMANIUM

Cost if pure: $360 per 100g Cost if bulk: $120 per 100g

99.9999% pure

100.00% Bulk

Toxicity level : low

SOURCES INCLUDE

www.element-collection.com

www.radiochemistry.org

Enviormentalchemistry.com

www.speclab.com