7/6/2014 Galactorrhea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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GalactorrheaClassification and external resources

ICD­10 N64.3(http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/N64.3),O92.6(http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/O92.6)

ICD­9 611.6 (http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=611.6),676.6 (http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=676.6)

DiseasesDB 6314 (http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb6314.htm)

MeSH D005687 (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&term=D005687)

GalactorrheaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Galactorrhea (also spelledgalactorrhoea) (galacto­ + ­rrhea) or lactorrhea (lacto­ +­rrhea) is the spontaneous flowof milk from the breast,unassociated with childbirth ornursing.

Galactorrhea is reported tooccur in 5%­32% percent ofwomen. Much of the differencein reported incidence can beattributed to differentdefinitions of galactorrhea.[1]Although frequently benign, itmay be caused by serious underlying conditions and should be properly investigated.[2] Galactorrhea alsooccurs in males, newborn infants and adolescents of both sexes.[3]

Contents

1 Causes2 Neonatal milk3 See also4 References5 External links

Causes

It can be due to dysregulation of certain hormones or local causes such as excessive nipple stimulation.Hormonal causes most frequently associated with galactorrhea are hyperprolactinemia and thyroid conditionswith elevated levels of TSH or TRH hormones. No obvious cause is found in about 50% of cases.[1]

Lactation requires the presence of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin, and the evaluation of galactorrheaincludes eliciting a history for various medications or foods (methyldopa, opiates, antipsychotics, serotoninreuptake inhibitors.) and for behavioral causes (stress, and breast and chest wall stimulation), as well asevaluation for pregnancy, pituitary adenomas (with overproduction of prolactin or compression of the pituitarystalk), and hypothyroidism. Adenomas of the anterior pituitary are most often prolactinomas. Overproduction ofprolactin leads to cessation of menstrual periods and infertility, which may be a diagnostic clue. Galactorrheamay also be caused by hormonal imbalances owing to birth control pills.

7/6/2014 Galactorrhea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactorrhea 2/3

Galactorrhea is also a side effect associated with the use of the second­generation H2 receptor antagonistCimetidine (trade name: Tagamet). Galactorrhea can also be caused by anti­psychotics that causehyperprolactinemia by blocking dopamine receptors responsible for control of prolactin release. Of these,risperidone is the most notorious for causing this complication. Case reports suggest proton­pump inhibitorshave been shown to cause Galactorrhea.

Neonatal milk

Neonatal milk or witch's milk is milk secreted from the breasts of many newborn infants. It is considered anormal variation and no treatment or testing is necessary. In folklore, witch's milk was believed to be a source ofnourishment for witches' familiar spirits.[4]

See also

Galactagogue, a substance that promotes lactation in humans and animals

References

1. a b Sakiyama, R.; Quan, M. (1983). "Galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia". Obstetrical & gynecologicalsurvey 38 (12): 689–700. PMID 6361641 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6361641).

2. ^ Whitman­Elia, G. F.; Windham, N. Q. (2000). "Galactorrhea may be clue to serious problems. Patientsdeserve a thorough workup". Postgraduate Medicine 107 (7): 165–168, 171. PMID 10887453(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10887453).

3. ^ Rohn, R. D. (1984). "Galactorrhea in the adolescent". Journal of adolescent health care : official publicationof the Society for Adolescent Medicine 5 (1): 37–49. PMID 6420385(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6420385).

4. ^ Potts, Malcolm (1999). Ever Since Adam and Eve: The Evolution of Human Sexuality. p. 145. ISBN 0­521­64404­6.

External links

familydoctor.org (http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/women/reproductive/breast/673.html)has a good overview of galactorrhea.http://www.calgaryhealthregion.ca/breasthealth/common_breast_conditions/gynecomastia_male.htmMR images (http://rad.usuhs.edu/medpix/kiosk_image.html?mode=pt&pt_id=13732#pic) Galactorrheaand Pituitary tumors (microadenoma)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galactorrhea&oldid=613605396"Categories: Breast milk Infancy Witchcraft Breast diseases

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