future efficientdynamics with heat recovery
TRANSCRIPT
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 1
DEER 2009 High Efficiency Engine Technologies.
A. Obieglo, J. Ringler, M. Seifert, W. Hall.
BMW GroupResearch and Technology
Future EfficientDynamics with
Heat Recovery.
.
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 2
Future EfficientDynamics with Heat Recovery.Outline.
2
1
3
4 BMW Turbosteamer
Efficient Dynamics
Heat Recovery
Conclusions5
Heat Recovery Systems
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 3
CO2 The Challenge.
Our Answer Efficient Dynamics.
BMW 325i Model year 2009BMW 323i Model year 1983
Fuel consumption1
10.3 l/100 km - 31 % 7.1 l/100 km
[~22 MPG] [~33 MPG]
Power output 102 kW + 57 % 160 kW
Torque 205 Nm + 32 % 270 Nm
Acceleration2
9.2 s - 27 % 6.7 s
Emission quality ECE R15-04 + 95 % EU 4
Weight 1080 kg + 39 % 1505 kg
Drag 0.40 x 1.85 m - 21 % 0.27 x 2.17 m1 EU fuel consumption
MVEG
2 0 - 100 km/h
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 4
Efficient Dynamics.
BMWs Approach to Reduce CO2.
AerodynamicPowertrain Direct fuel injection DI2 lean stratified Piezo injectors High precision injection Turbo Twin turbo Variable twin turbo Downsizing Gearbox efficiency Gearbox spreading
Rolling resistance
Tires with reduced rolling resistance
Energy management
Auto Start Stop function Brake energy regeneration Electr. assist Electr. driving
Demand-oriented drive Electr. waterpump Electr. steering Air conditioning compressor division Electr. driving dynamic systems
Lightweightconstruction
Conceptual Materials Production
External flow Internal flow Wheel/enclosed wheel Flexible flaps
Energy source
Fuel Diesel Natural Gas Alternative fuels GTL, BTL Hydrogen
Heat management Aggregate cooling on demand Rapid heat-up Insulation Friction reduction
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 5
Innovation Innovation
Innovation
Driving dynamics
Fuel consumption
Vehicle mass
Efficient
Dynamics
Efficient Dynamics.
BMWs Approach to Reduce CO2.
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 6
Future EfficientDynamics with Heat Recovery.Outline.
2
1
3
4 BMW Turbosteamer
Efficient Dynamics
Heat Recovery
Conclusions5
Heat Recovery Systems
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 7
~1/3
HybridMech. EnergyRoad resistance
Transmission
Auxillaries Efficient
Dynamics
Deceleration
Exhaust
Coolant/Oil
TC
Environment
Environment
~2/3 of the energy contained in the
fuel is converted into heat
Energy Efficiency of Vehicles.
The Target is to Increase the Overall Efficiency.
Thermal
Recuperation
Engine
heat-up
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 8
Energy Conversion.
Different Possibilites.
Thermal
Energy
Electrical
Energy
e. g.
Turbosteamer
e. g. Hybrid
p n
Electrode
U
Cold side
(Coolant)
Heat Energy
(Exhaust)
Mechanical
Energy
e. g. TEG
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 9
Efficient Dynamics.
Steps towards Heat Recovery.
1. Direct Conversion
Highly efficient primary energy conversion:
- High Precision Injection
- TwinPower Turbo
- Valvetronic
2. Warming-up
Faster warming-up: No coolant circulation
with electrical water pump switched off.
3. Waste Heat Recovery
Example of waste heat utilization:
Turbosteamer
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 10
Future EfficientDynamics with Heat Recovery.Outline.
2
1
3
4 BMW Turbosteamer
Efficient Dynamics
Heat Recovery
Conclusions5
Heat Recovery Systems
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 11
Energy Efficiency of Vehicles.
Thermal Recuperation offers the Potential of
Additional CO2 Reduction.
Heat utilization
Co
mp
lexit
y
Kinetic +PressureExhaust Exhaust Energy Coolant Energy
Turbocharger
TwinTurbo-charger
Seebeck
CatalyticJoule
Stirling2-Loop-RankineAcoustic
1-Loop-Rankine (A)
1-Loop-Rankine (B)
BMW projects:
Turbosteamer
Thermoelectric Generator
Exhaust
Coolant/Oil
Wa
ste
he
at
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 12
Heat Sources.Exhaust Gas.
Engine type: 4-cylinder gasoline engine =1
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 13
Heat Sources.Coolant.
Engine type: 4-cylinder gasoline engine =1
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 14
Utilization of Exhaust Heat.Temperature Distribution.
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 15
Future EfficientDynamics with Heat Recovery.Outline.
2
1
3
4 BMW Turbosteamer
Efficient Dynamics
Heat Recovery
Conclusions5
Heat Recovery Systems
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 16
76 MW, Huelva, Spain
Source:Siemens Powergeneration
Gas turbine
Steam turbine
700 MW, Edinburg, Texas, USA
What is a Turbosteamer (TS)?Cogeneration a well known Principle.
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 17
Condensor
Pu
mp
Ex
pa
ns
ion
ma
ch
ine
1 4
41
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
100
200
300
400
h=4100 kJ/kg
h=3900h=3700
h=3500
h=3300
h=3100
h=2900
h=2700
h=2800
Entropy [kJ/(kg K)]
K
h=3000
Tem
pera
ture
[C
]Heat exchanger
2 3
2
Basic System Layout of a Turbosteamer.Working Principle of a Rankine Steam Process.
3
2
3
4
1
500
Enthalpy [kJ/kg]
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 18
Dual-Loop-Rankine.Maximal Utilization of Exhaust and Coolant.
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 19
Dual-Loop-Rankine.Engine Map.
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 20
Single-Loop-Rankine.Simplification of the System.
Single-Loop-Rankine1Expander, 1 Loop
Dual-Loop-Rankine2 Expanders, 2 Loops
Steam generation Steam expansionQKW QExhaust
Qradiator/Condensor
maximum potential
complete use of heat
complex system
Simplification
improved ratio of effort/use
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 21
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000Motordrehzahl [U/min]
Moto
rdre
hm
om
ent [N
m]
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
8
8
8,5
8,58,5
9
9,5
10
10
,5
10,511
11
12
12
1313
15 6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
45mph55mph
70mph
80mph
Single-Loop-Rankine.Significant Increase in Fuel Efficiency.
Padd,B [%]
Engine speed [rpm]
Engin
e t
orq
ue [
Nm
]
888,58,58,599,51010,5
111212131315
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 22
Turbosteamer in Operation.Turbosteamer Test Bench Setup.
Exhaust gas temperature Steam
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 23
A similar System in almost every Car Today:Have a look on Air Conditioning.
Co
mp
resso
r
Condensor
Evaporator
Th
rott
le
Cabin
Ambient
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 24
Turbosteamer Components.For Example: Expander.
First Generation
Turbosteamer Expander
?
A/C Compressor
1976
Todays Generation
A/C compressor
Future Generation
Turbosteamer Expander
http://www.globaldensoproducts.com/cc/cacs/c/electric_compressor.html
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 25
TS test bench
TS vehicle integration
Waste Heat Recovery with the Turbosteamer.Next Steps.
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 26
Efficient Dynamics and Energy Recovery.Positioning of Systems in the Engine Map.
Md
n
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 27
Potential Savings.Heat Recovery.
What are the savings for a long
distance driver at mileage of 120,000
miles?
Today Future
Take for example a car with 25 mpg 35 mpg
the overall consumption would be 4,800 gallon 3,400 gallon
Assuming that additional 5 to 10% of fuel could be saved:
That is less 240-480 gallon 170-340 gallon
With a price of 3$/gallon 5$/gallon
the saving for this driver is $720-1,440 $850-1,700
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 28
Future EfficientDynamics with Heat Recovery.Outline.
2
1
3
4 BMW Turbosteamer
Efficient Dynamics
Heat Recovery
Conclusions5
Heat Recovery Systems
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 29
Waste Heat Recovery with the Turbosteamer.Conclusions.
1. Thermal recuperation offers the potential of additional CO2 reduction.
2. The Rankine steam process is one favourableapproach for waste heat recovery.
3. A 15% increase in engine performance could be demonstrated with a Dual-Loop-Rankine and 10% increase in engine performance could result from a Single-Loop-Rankine.
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DEER 2009BMW GroupResearch andTechnologyPage 30
Thank you for your attention!BMW Group
Vision.Thermal Recuperation could make a valuableContribution to the Increase in Fuel Efficiency.