fundamentals of drawings and surveying 2

8/14/2019 Fundamentals of Drawings and Surveying 2

1/28

BCAS Fundamentals of Drawings & Surveying

First of all I wish to extend my thanks for all lecturers of Department of uantity

surveying for encouraging us to do this assignment effectively!

I am very much grateful to "r D!I!Fernando for the knowledge he imported us#

and the help and advice given to us all the time!

I am also thankful to the Assignment Designing $eam# for giving us a chance forreading# searching# and thus improving our knowledge in wide area!

"y sincere thanks go to "r!Irsath %Auto cad ecturer of BCAS'# who helped me

to improve my Auto cad knowledge and collect valua(le information# and also I like tothank "s )ashmin# "r!*atnam and "r!Sarook %+nglish ecturers of BCAS' who helped

me to make this valua(le assignment

Finally I wish to thank all colleagues in BCAS# who helped me to complete this

assignment report successfully!

Department of uantity surveying

,

ACKNOWLEDGMENT


2/28


C-.$+.$C-.$+.$ /A0+ .-/A0+ .-

Assignment $emplate & Feed(ack FormAssignment $emplate & Feed(ack Form 1 21 2

AcknowledgementAcknowledgement 1,21,2

$a(le of contents$a(le of contents 132132

IntroductionIntroduction 142142

$AS563 176,42

$AS564 1,76

332

Annex 134 2

Conclusion 1372

*eference 1382


3

TABLES OF CONTENTS


3/28


Drawing and surveying is most important for all the 9uantity surveyors!

According to that I worked hard to improve this assignment! I done the entire task in myown at the same time I referred some of the (ooks and we(sites to improve my

assignment!

:ere I used AutoCAD software to draw the drawings which relates to our site! Idone all the tasks according to the tasks which issued (y our assessor! :ere I done all the

calculations in my own and at the same time this drawing is drawn (y myself!


4

INTRODUCTION


4/28


Task:-02

2.1 Select the appropriate instruments require for theses jobs with all pertinent details.

2.1.1. Tapes:-

Fi:-01

$apes are used where greater accuracy of measurement is re9uired such as the

setting out of (uilding and roads! $hey are marked in meters# centimeters# and

millimeters! $hey are usually ,8cm or 4;m long and are of three types!

,! inen or linen with steel wire woven

3! fi(er glass tapes

4! steel tapes

In our field work we used steel taps


5/28


2.1.2. Tri po:-

$ri pod is an instrument to keep the hori>ontal level of telescope!

Fi:-02

2.1.!. C"ai# pi#s - Arro$s:-

An arrow is made of steel wire 7mm diameter! the length of the arrow may vary

from 38 cm to 8; cm (ut the high in common use is 7; cm! one end of the arrow is (entinto a loop of a circle of 8;cm diameter and the other end is made pointed sharp to arrows

generally accompany a chain! A(out ;!8m long used for marking temporary station

Fi:-0!

2.1.%. Ra#&i#& po'es:-

*anging poles are made of wood or tu(ular steel and are usually 3m long! $heyare similar to ranging rods exception that these are of heavier section of the length 7m to

=m!these are used for ranging very long lines in undulating ground!


8


6/28


Fi:-0"

2.1.(. )'*+, ,o,s:-

It is used to transfer the end points of the chain on to ground while measuring

distance in a hilly tram! It is also used for testing the vertically of ranging poles# rangingrods or leveling states!

Fi:-0#

2.1.. T"e T"eoo'ie:-

Fi:-0$


=


7/28


Sketch of the $heodolite parts in (elow the fig ?


?


8/28


Fi:-0%


@


9/28


2!2 Des/ri,e a'' "e se *p +e"os a# e+porar0 a*s+e#s o "e se'e/ei#sr*+e#s

Introduction

$he $heodolite is design to measure angle a hori>ontal angle is the angle in aplane su(tended (y two distance point at the station where the $heodolite is set up a

vertical angle is one (etween a distance point & a hori>ontal line %angle of elevation or

dispersant' or vertical line at the geometric centre of the $heodolite!

vertical axix

elevation angle

depression angle

hori>ontal circlevertical axix

hori>ontal

hori>ontal axix

line of sight

Fi:-0&

$he principal component of the $heodolite is a telescope e9uipped with cross6hairs touna(le precise of distance point the telescope can rotate a(out vertical & hori>ontal axis

the angles of rotation (eing measura(le on graduated circle !$he $heodolite is mounted

on a tri pot & geometric centre over the station!

Setting up the $heodolite

For reading of angles to (e valid the $heodolite must (e set up with the vertical

axis truly vertical %as shown (y the plate (u((le' & with this axis over the station %as

shown (y the optical plummets'!$here are two method of setting up the one first descri(e

doesnt need a plump (o( (ut works (est when the instrument is setup over a point at thesame level as the tri pot feet!



10/28


"ethod


11/28


4rd position

2# posi.io#,st position

Fi:-0'

?! /recisely central the $heodolite loosen the loosen the clamp or (olt and care fully

slide the instrument site ways till the station appears central in the optial plummet#where central use is (elow the foot screw take care or instrument or leveling will

(e distur( tighten or the (old of clamp

@! *epeat step = & ? until the $heodolite remain level & centre

! Sitting a plane (ack ground rotate the eye piece to focus the cross hair or target


,,


12/28


Fi:-10

"ethod


13/28


$elescope /osition

Face left & Face rightAll angles must (e measured twice once on face left and ones on face

right! Face left is when the vertical circle is left of the telescope view from the eye6piece

face right when it is to the right change from face left to right rotate the telescope ,@;vertically readings on face left are does read on the opposite side of the circle to those on

face right!

"easuring hori>ontal angle

All moments are made with the upper plate clam slow motion screw only the lowerclamp must (e locked!

$o measure the hori>ontal angle BAC in fig#

,! Set up the instrument over point A

B

A

C

Fi:-11

3! -n the face left intersect point B with the vertical hair using the upper plate #clamand motion screw# lead the various and (ook a reading on line B in face left

column

!

4! Still on face left in the set C in the same way read & (ooked the reading of line C

in the face left column!

7! -n face right intersect C in the same way read & (ooked the reading on line C in

the face right column!

8! -n face right intersect B in the same way read & (ooked on line Bin the face rightcolumn!


,4


14/28


A B

-

D C

Fi:-11

.ote< 6 Conclusion of the $heodolite in our practical we used# we used face left angular

measurement! In our side no need to consider the vertical angle of the measurement(ecause it is not a hilly place!


,7


15/28


$ask


16/28


G ,@; JBC /7/4J/4G,@;J3?=8?J84;64=;

G ,33?

BC /3/, G BC /3/4J/3

G ,@; JBC /4/3J/3G ,@;J,33?J@73;64=;

G =7?

BC /7/, G BC /,/7J/,G ,@; J;;;36,@;

G ;;;3

AD)S$+D !C!B

/,/3G =7?J,@; G 3?=7?

/3/4G ,33?J ,@; G 4?33?64=;G ,33?

/4/7G 3?= 8?J,@; G 78=8?64=;G =8?

/7/,G ;;;3

/A*$IA C-6-*DI.A$+S

$a(le


17/28


C-**+C$I-.

inear error

G %.3J+3',H3

G %;!;;43 J ;!,383 ',H3

G ;!,38

.ote


18/28


%6.' K /,/3G

G %6;!;;4 'K ,3!3?

,3!3?J8!4;J,,!;;J8!3

G 6 ;!;;,

/3/4%6.' K /,/3

G

G %6;!;;4 'K 8!4;

,3!3?J8!4;J,,!;;J8!3

G 6 ;!;;;8

/4/7

%6.' K /,/3G

G %6;!;;4 'K ,,!;;

,3!3?J8!4;J,,!;;J8!3

G 6 ;!;;,

/7/,

%6.' K /,/3G

G %6;!;;4 'K 8!3

,3!3?J8!4;J,,!;;J8!3

G 6 ;!;;;8

D+/A*$*+

/,/3


,@

/1/2 J /2/3 J /3/4 J /4/1

/1/2 J /2/3 J /3/4 J /4/1

/1/2 J /2/3 J /3/4 J /4/1

/1/2 J /2/3 J /3/4 J /4/1


19/28


%6+' K /,/3G

G %J;!,38 'K ,3!3?

,3!3?J8!4;J,,!;;J8!3

G ;!;78

/3/4%6+' K /,/3

G

G %J ;!,38 'K 8!4;

,3!3?J8!4;J,,!;;J8!3

G ;!;3;

/4/7

%6+' K /,/3G

G %J ;!,38 'K ,,!;;

,3!3?J8!4;J,,!;;J8!3G ;!;7,

/7/,

%6+' K /,/3G

G %J ;!,38'K 8!3

,3!3?J8!4;J,,!;;J8!3

G ;!;,

$a(le


20/28


Adusted /artial Co6-rdinates $otal Co6-rdinates

ine atitude Departure .JS6 +J6

/,/3 J,!77@ 6,3!,4 ,;;!;; ,;;!;;

/3/4 J8!,?78 J,!,=4 ,;,!77@ @?!@=,/4/7 6,!443 J,;!=; ,;=!=338 @!;37

/7/, 68!3;8 J;!;,= ,;8!3;8 !@7

,;;!;; ,;;!;;

3!4! /repair a Survey /lan (y including all the detail of the measured area!


3;


21/28


22/28


N

&A.D

A*+

A

BI&DI.0

C

C

C

/7/,

/3/4

Fig:-13

3!7! Calculate the area of the land of BCAS (uilding approximately as possi(le!

A*+A CACA$I-.

$:+-*M -F SI"S-.S *+


33


23/28


IntervalH4N%Sum of +nd ordinate' J %twice the sum of the odd ordinate' J %Four time the

sum of even ordinate'O

h

hgf

edc(a

hhhhhh

Fig:-14

$hat is e9ual< 6 hH4N%aJh' J 3 %cJeJg' J 7%(JdJf'O

se Simsons rules for the area of A#B#C#D!

Fig:-15


34


24/28


A6< ,H4N1,!=J3!=@2J3x13!;J3!7@2J7x1,!@J3!3@2O

G,;!;=m3

B6< ,H4N14!3@J7!@82J3x14!84J4!?J7!;=J7!4;2J7x14!7;J4!==J4!,J7!,?J7!732O

G4!37m3

C6< ,H4N14!3,J4!,42J3x14!,?2J7x14!,?J4!,?2O

G,3!=@m3

D6< ,H4N14!77J7!42J3x14!==J4!@?J8!78J8!=?J7!8;2J7x14!88J4!?=J7!@7J8!88J8!472O

G7@!?=m3

se triangle and rectangle area for approximately calculation for remain area

F6< N7!3; x 3 J%7!4 x ;!37'O %7!=@367!43',H3 G 7!3;

G!7=m

3

+6< ,H3N1,3!3?J,,2x8!4;G=,!==m3

06< 4!7; x %3!=@'G!,,m3

:6< ,H3N13!=J,!82x7!?OG,;!=@m3

I6< %4!77 x 7!,4'G,7!3;m3

$-$A A*+A G3,8!@8m3

According to the Fi:-1"uses $rape>oidal rules for this calculation!

$:+-*M -F $*A/+P-IDA *+S

IntervalH3N%Sum of +nd ordinates' J %twice the sum of the others'

See thefi:-1$

A6< ,H3N1,!=J3!=@2J3x1,!@J3!;J3!3@J3!7@2OG,;!4m3

B6< ,H3N14!3@J7!@82J3x14!7;J4!84J4!==J4!?J4!,J7!;=J7!,?J7!4;J7!73J7!882OG74!@8m3

C6< ,H3N13!=J4!,42J3x14!,?J4!3,J4!,?J4!,?2OG,8!?=m3

D6< ,H3N14!44J7!42J3x14!77J4!88J4!==J4!?=J4!@?J7!@7J8!78J8!88J8!=?J8!47J7!82O


37


25/28


G84!7m3

se triangle and rectangle area for approximately calculation for remain area

+6< ,H3N1,3!3?J,,2x8!4;

G=,!==m3

F6< N7!4 x 3!43'O

G,;!,@m3

06< 4!3@ x 4!,8

G,;!44m3

:6< ,H3N13!=J,!4=2x7!?OG,;!47m3

I6< %4!44 x 4!,4'G,;!73m3

$-$A A*+A G33=!= m3

4!,83!43

4!44

8!;

;

7!;

;3!;

;,!;

;

7!4,3!=@

3!7@

3!3@

3!;B

,!@B

,!=B

=!=7

4!3

,

4!,

?

4!,

?

4!,

?

4!,

4

4!84

4!==

4!?B

4!B,

7!;=

7!,?

7!4;

7!73

4!7;

B!;;

@!;;

?!;;

=!;;

8!;;

7!;;

4!;;

3!;;

,!;;

7!=@

8!;;

7!;;

4!;;

3!;;

,!;;

;!;;

7!4B

7!8;

8!47

8!=?

8!88

8!78

7!@7

,3!;;

,,!;;

,;!;;

B!;;

@!;;

4!;;

?!;;

=!;;

7!;;

3!;;

,!;;

4!@?

4!?=

4!==

4!88

4!77

A

,;!;;7!88

B

4!

;;

C

D E

F G

3I

8!4;

,,!;; 7!@8

4!3@;!;;

3!B

=

;!;

;

7!?B

Fig:-16

.ote


26/28


So 3nd"ethod is accurate than ,stone! In my conclusion $rape>oidal rules is a9urate than

Simsons rules!

A..+K


3=


27/28


In this whole assignment I got good knowledge of angular measurement for

land surveying with use $heodolite for this incident of measurement and how to adust

the theodolite at particular position#off set the line from the particular (ase line# and how

to take the reading of vertical angle and several type of instrument has to measure theland (ut in our college have the manual $heodolite to measure the land!

I used Simsons rules and $rape>oidal rules for area calculation! Finally I got good

knowledge of plotting in Computer!


3?

CONCLUSION


28/28


,! Duggal#S!5!%,='! Surveying Volume-1!3nd ed!#.ew Delhi< $ata "c0raw6:ill

/u(lishing Company imited!

2. Theodolite

fundamentals of drawings and surveying 2

Documents