fuels and lubricants training ppt

7/25/2019 Fuels and Lubricants Training PPT

1/98

UT ExtensionUT Extension

Fuels andFuels and

Lubricants forLubricants forSmall EnginesSmall Engines


2/98


Jim WillsJim Wills

Biosystems Engineering andBiosystems Engineering andEnvironmental ScienceEnvironmental Science

DepartmentDepartment

ExtensionExtension University of TennesseeUniversity of Tennessee


3/98


To !ain Types of SmallTo !ain Types of SmallEngines on Lan andEngines on Lan and

"arden E#uipment"arden E#uipment Four$Stro%e &ycleFour$Stro%e &ycle

To$Stro%e &ycleTo$Stro%e &ycle


4/98


&ooling System&ooling System

!ost engines on lan and garden!ost engines on lan and gardene#uipment aree#uipment are air cooledair cooled

Fan on 'y(eel circulates air overFan on 'y(eel circulates air overengine for cooling (ile engine isengine for cooling (ile engine isrunningrunning

Water cooled engines (aveWater cooled engines (averadiator and li#uid coolantradiator and li#uid coolantcirculating in ater )ac%et aroundcirculating in ater )ac%et aroundengineengine


5/98


Fly(eel*FanFly(eel*Fan


6/98


Four$Stro%e EnginesFour$Stro%e Engines

Four stro%es+ of t(e engine for oneFour stro%es+ of t(e engine for one

poer cyclepoer cycle

Stro%e , - .nta%eStro%e , - .nta%e Stro%e / - &ompressionStro%e / - &ompression

Stro%e 0 -Stro%e 0 - 1oer1oer

Stro%e 2 - Ex(austStro%e 2 - Ex(aust+ 3 stro%e is one up or don movement+ 3 stro%e is one up or don movement

of t(e piston in t(e cylinder of t(e piston in t(e cylinder


7/98


Four$Stro%e 4perationFour$Stro%e 4peration


8/98


Typical Four Stro%e LanTypical Four Stro%e Lan

and "arden E#uipmentand "arden E#uipment 1us($Type Lan !oers1us($Type Lan !oers

Lan TractorsLan Tractors

"arden Tractors"arden Tractors

1ressure Was(ers1ressure Was(ers

&(ippers*S(readers&(ippers*S(readers "arden Tillers"arden Tillers


9/98


To Stro%e 4perationTo Stro%e 4peration


10/98


Typical To$Stro%eTypical To$Stro%e

E#uipmentE#uipment &(ainsas&(ainsas

Weed TrimmersWeed Trimmers

Leaf BloersLeaf Bloers

5edge &lippers5edge &lippers

3ir &ompressors3ir &ompressors Small "arden TillersSmall "arden Tillers

Some pus( type lanmoersSome pus( type lanmoers


11/98


Four$Stro%e EngineFour$Stro%e Engine

&(aracteristics&(aracteristics

Separate fuel tan% and oil reservoirSeparate fuel tan% and oil reservoir

5eavier*larger t(an same 51 to$5eavier*larger t(an same 51 to$cyclecycle

&annot be tilted muc( to side&annot be tilted muc( to side

Longer engine lifeLonger engine life Larger 51 usesLarger 51 uses


12/98


To$Stro%e EngineTo$Stro%e Engine

&(aracteristics&(aracteristics Fuel and oil are mixed in fuel tan%Fuel and oil are mixed in fuel tan% 6o separate reservoir for oil6o separate reservoir for oil++ &an be operated on side and&an be operated on side and

upside donupside don Lig(ter*smaller for given 51Lig(ter*smaller for given 51

S(orter overall engine lifeS(orter overall engine life Usually more noise and smo%eUsually more noise and smo%e+ Some boat motors and motorcycles (ave+ Some boat motors and motorcycles (avea reservoira reservoir


13/98


!ain &auses of!ain &auses of

1remature1rematureSmall Engine FailureSmall Engine Failure

7S(ort Engine Life87S(ort Engine Life8


14/98


DirtDirt99

:;< to =;< of all failures are:;< to =;< of all failures arecaused by dirtcaused by dirt++getting intogetting into

engineengine

+Dust> insects> bits of grass> etc?+Dust> insects> bits of grass> etc?


15/98


Service air @lter on aService air @lter on aregular basis 7usuallyregular basis 7usually

once a season8once a season8

Service more often underService more often under

dusty or adversedusty or adverseconditionsconditions


16/98


For every gallon ofFor every gallon of

gasoline used> t(e airgasoline used> t(e air

@lter must clean ,;>;;;@lter must clean ,;>;;;to ,,>;;; gallons of airto ,,>;;; gallons of air


17/98


3ir Filter - 1aper Type3ir Filter - 1aper Type


18/98


&arburetor&arburetor


19/98


Failure to use proper oil+Failure to use proper oil+

+ Aiscosity 7t(ic% or t(in8+ Aiscosity 7t(ic% or t(in8

+ 31. &lassi@cation 7SJ> SL> Etc?8+ 31. &lassi@cation 7SJ> SL> Etc?8


20/98


Failure to c(ange oil on aFailure to c(ange oil on aregular sc(eduleregular sc(edule

!ileage!ileage

5ours of use5ours of use

Time of use 7ee%s> mont(s>Time of use 7ee%s> mont(s>etc?8etc?8


21/98


Failure to maintain properFailure to maintain proper

oil level in cran%caseoil level in cran%case

&(ec% dip stic%&(ec% dip stic%

&(ec% oil level plug&(ec% oil level plug


22/98


&(ec%ing 4il Level&(ec%ing 4il Level


23/98


Failure to useFailure to use

clean> fres( fuelclean> fres( fuel

Dirty fuel tan%Dirty fuel tan%

Dirty fuel canDirty fuel can

Dirty funnelDirty funnel Tras(*dirt around fuel capTras(*dirt around fuel cap


24/98


.nstall a fuel @lter on fuel.nstall a fuel @lter on fuelline if not factory e#uippedline if not factory e#uipped


25/98


Fuel FilterFuel Filter


26/98


Use a suitable fuelUse a suitable fuelcontainer to prevent fuelcontainer to prevent fuel

contamination and insurecontamination and insure

safetysafety

!etal cans ill eventually rust inside!etal cans ill eventually rust inside

1lastic containers ill not rust1lastic containers ill not rust

Use a funnel it( mes( @lterUse a funnel it( mes( @lter


27/98


&an "ood 1lastic Fuel&an "ood 1lastic Fuel


28/98


Failure to use proper fuelFailure to use proper fuel

Unleaded fuel is cleaner burningUnleaded fuel is cleaner burning

&(oose proper fuel octane level&(oose proper fuel octane level

Do not use fuel containing alco(olDo not use fuel containing alco(ol

Use lead substitutes if ,=2 or olderUse lead substitutes if ,=2 or older


29/98


4perating tips to extend4perating tips to extend

engine lifeengine life

Let engine idle for to minutesLet engine idle for to minutes

before stoppingbefore stopping

6ever stop under load6ever stop under load 3void stalls and sudden impacts3void stalls and sudden impacts


30/98


3void .mpacts3void .mpacts


31/98


Fly(eel CeyayFly(eel Ceyay


32/98


S3FET999S3FET999

Use approved fuel containersUse approved fuel containers

6ever fuel a (ot engine6ever fuel a (ot engine

Stop engine before ma%ingStop engine before ma%ingrepairs or ad)ustmentsrepairs or ad)ustments


33/98


!otor 4ils!otor 4ils


34/98


&astrol Brand 4il&astrol Brand 4il


35/98


Functions of !otor 4ilFunctions of !otor 4il

LubricateLubricatemoving partsmoving parts

SealSealaround gas%ets> seals>around gas%ets> seals>

piston ringspiston rings &lean&leancontaminates from enginecontaminates from engine

partsparts

emove excess (eatemove excess (eatfrom enginefrom engine


36/98


4il container (as4il container (as

information on oilinformation on oil#uality and viscosity#uality and viscosity


37/98


31. 73merican 1etroleum31. 73merican 1etroleum

.nstitute8 circle contains.nstitute8 circle contains31. Service &lassi@cation31. Service &lassi@cation

and Aiscosityand Aiscosity


38/98


31. &ircle31. &ircle


39/98


A.S&4S.TA.S&4S.T

.s t(e oil t(ic% or t(in.s t(e oil t(ic% or t(in

3Gected by temperature3Gected by temperature

3Gected by s(ear of oil3Gected by s(ear of oil

molecules in lubrication processmolecules in lubrication process

3ll oils are tested at same3ll oils are tested at same

temperatures to establis(temperatures to establis(

viscosity ratingviscosity rating


40/98


Aiscosity AaluesAiscosity Aalues

S3E ;W> HW> ,;W> ,HW> /;WS3E ;W> HW> ,;W> ,HW> /;W S3E 0;> 2;> H;S3E 0;> 2;> H;

S3E ,;W$0;> HW$0;> ,HW$H;> ,;W$S3E ,;W$0;> HW$0;> ,HW$H;> ,;W$2;> etc?2;> etc?

IIW means suitable for intertimeW means suitable for intertimeuse 7cold temperatures8use 7cold temperatures8 IIS3E$ Society of 3utomotiveS3E$ Society of 3utomotive

EngineersEngineers


41/98


31. Service31. Service

&lassi@cations&lassi@cations

IISS$ for gasoline engines$ for gasoline engines 7S$ Spar% ignition87S$ Spar% ignition8 II&&$ for diesel engines$ for diesel engines

7&$ &ompression ignition87&$ &ompression ignition8


42/98


"asoline &lasses"asoline &lasses

S3S3> SB> S&> SD> SE> SF> S"> S5>> SB> S&> SD> SE> SF> S"> S5>

SJ>SJ>SLSL

S3 is loest #ualityS3 is loest #uality SL is (ig(est #ualitySL is (ig(est #uality


43/98


Diesel &lassesDiesel &lasses

&3&3> &B> &&> &D> &E> &F> &">> &B> &&> &D> &E> &F> &"> &5&5

&3 is loest #uality&3 is loest #uality

&5 is (ig(est #uality&5 is (ig(est #uality


44/98


1etroleum Based 4ils1etroleum Based 4ils

Base stoc% of about KH< oil byBase stoc% of about KH< oil by

volumevolume

3dditives of about ,H< by volume3dditives of about ,H< by volume 3dditives include detergent> anti$3dditives include detergent> anti$

oxidation> anti$corrosion> extremeoxidation> anti$corrosion> extreme

(eat> extreme pressure> anti$rust>(eat> extreme pressure> anti$rust>etc?etc?


45/98


Aalue of 4il 3dditivesAalue of 4il 3dditives

Slic% H;> T$1lus> ST1> !otorSlic% H;> T$1lus> ST1> !otor

5oney> etc?5oney> etc?

Usually not ort( t(e price 999Usually not ort( t(e price 999


46/98


T$1lus 3dditiveT$1lus 3dditive


47/98


W(y &(ange !otor 4ilW(y &(ange !otor 4il

eplace additiveseplace additives

emove contaminants 7 ater>emove contaminants 7 ater>

acid> carbon> etc?acid> carbon> etc?


48/98


W(en to &(ange !otorW(en to &(ange !otor

4il4il 3t recommended mileage3t recommended mileage

70>;;; on cars> truc%s> campers> etc?870>;;; on cars> truc%s> campers> etc?8

3t H; (ours on small engines3t H; (ours on small engines !ore often under severe conditions!ore often under severe conditions

7pulling (eavy loads> steep7pulling (eavy loads> steep

climbing> etc?8climbing> etc?8 &(ange (en oil is&(ange (en oil is (ot(ot> not cold> not cold


49/98


&(anging Brands of 4il&(anging Brands of 4il

ouou do notdo not(ave to use t(e same(ave to use t(e same

brand of oilbrand of oil foreverforeverin a givenin a givenengineengine

To c(ange brands> drain old brandTo c(ange brands> drain old brand

and replace it( ne brand -and replace it( ne brand -c(ange oil @lter at same timec(ange oil @lter at same time

UseUse samesameviscosityviscosity


50/98


4il for our Small4il for our SmallEnginesEngines

S3E 0;S3E 0;++ S3E ,;W$0;S3E ,;W$0; Synt(etic oilSynt(etic oil

+ 3bove 2; degrees F+ 3bove 2; degrees F


51/98


Temperature &(artTemperature &(art


52/98


Synt(etic !otor 4ilSynt(etic !otor 4il

BetterBettert(an petroleum based oilt(an petroleum based oil

!ore expensive!ore expensive


53/98


Synt(etic 4ilsSynt(etic 4ils


54/98


3dvantages of Synt(etic3dvantages of Synt(etic

4il4il !ore detergent additive!ore detergent additive

Better cold eat(er lubricationBetter cold eat(er lubrication

Better (ig( temperature protectionBetter (ig( temperature protection Longer engine lifeLonger engine life

Better lubricationBetter lubrication

Better fuel eciencyBetter fuel eciency &an be mixed it( petroleum oil&an be mixed it( petroleum oil


55/98


Disadvantages ofDisadvantages of

Synt(eticSynt(etic Expensive 7about M2?H;*#uart8Expensive 7about M2?H;*#uart8

6ot recommended for6ot recommended forturboc(argersturboc(argers

6ot for dirty engines 7inside of6ot for dirty engines 7inside of

engine8engine8 6ot for most diesels6ot for most diesels

6ot for ne engines6ot for ne engines


56/98


Tips for Synt(etic UseTips for Synt(etic Use

Use same viscosityUse same viscosity &an be mixed it( petroleum&an be mixed it( petroleum

based oilbased oil

Use regular oil @lterUse regular oil @lter &(ange at same c(ange intervals&(ange at same c(ange intervals


57/98


4ils for To$&ycle4ils for To$&ycleEnginesEngines


58/98


6ot t(e same as engine6ot t(e same as engineoilsoils

DiGerent additive pac%ageDiGerent additive pac%age DiGerent viscosityDiGerent viscosity

5ig(er price5ig(er price

DiGerent mix ratiosDiGerent mix ratios DiGerent rating systemDiGerent rating system


59/98


!ix it( "asoline!ix it( "asolinefor Engine Lubricationfor Engine Lubrication

Use only to$cycle oilsUse only to$cycle oils Use proper ratio of gas to oilUse proper ratio of gas to oil

Use proper type of oil 7T& or TS&$08Use proper type of oil 7T& or TS&$08

4ne mix and exact mix simplify4ne mix and exact mix simplify

mixingmixing


60/98


!ix atios!ix atios

1arts1artsof gas and oil to be mixedof gas and oil to be mixed

&an be&an be ounces> pints> #uarts> gallonsounces> pints> #uarts> gallons

ExamplesNExamplesN ,:N, ,: parts gas to , part oil,:N, ,: parts gas to , part oil

/2N, /2 parts of gas to , part oil/2N, /2 parts of gas to , part oil

H;N, H; parts of gas to , part oilH;N, H; parts of gas to , part oil


61/98


!a%ing one gallon mix!a%ing one gallon mix

,/K ounces in one gallon,/K ounces in one gallon

,:N, mix,:N, mix

,: parts gas 7,/K oO?8 to , part,: parts gas 7,/K oO?8 to , partoiloil 7K oO?87K oO?8

H;N, mixH;N, mix

H; parts gas 7,/K oO?8 to , partH; parts gas 7,/K oO?8 to , part

oiloil 7/?: oO?87/?: oO?8


62/98


To$&ycle 4il &lassesTo$&ycle 4il &lasses

T3> TB>T3> TB> T&+>T&+>TDTD TS&$,> TS&$/>TS&$,> TS&$/> TS&$0+>TS&$0+>TS&$2TS&$2

46E !.P+46E !.P+

EP3&T !.P+EP3&T !.P+ + For lan and garden e#uipment+ For lan and garden e#uipment


63/98


To$&ycle 4ilTo$&ycle 4il


64/98


To$&ycle 4ilTo$&ycle 4il


65/98


Exact !ix 4ilExact !ix 4il


66/98


Fuels for EnginesFuels for Engines


67/98


4ctane atings for4ctane atings for

"asoline"asoline

4ctane rating is a measure of4ctane rating is a measure of

resistance to pre$ignition of fuelresistance to pre$ignition of fuel


68/98


Engine .gnitionEngine .gnition


69/98


4ctane atings4ctane atings

K= 4ctane - egularK= 4ctane - egular

K 4ctane - egularQK 4ctane - egularQ

,Q 4ctane $ 1remium,Q 4ctane $ 1remium


70/98


K= 4ctane FuelK= 4ctane Fuel

Lo resistance to pre$ignition -Lo resistance to pre$ignition -

usuallyusually bestbestfor 2$cycle lan andfor 2$cycle lan and

garden and automobile enginesgarden and automobile engines

t(at aret(at are not (ig( compressionnot (ig( compression


71/98


K 4ctane FuelK 4ctane Fuel

Best for engines t(at %noc% orBest for engines t(at %noc% or

ping slig(tly on K= octane fuel orping slig(tly on K= octane fuel or

older engines it( slig(t carbonolder engines it( slig(t carbonbuild$up in combustion c(amberbuild$up in combustion c(amber


72/98


,Q 4ctane Fuels,Q 4ctane Fuels

Best forBest for (ig( compression(ig( compressionengines or engines t(at %noc% orengines or engines t(at %noc% or

ping on K octane fuelsping on K octane fuels


73/98


&ompression Examples&ompression Examples


74/98


Leaded vs? Unleaded "asLeaded vs? Unleaded "as

Lead as banned by E13 in ,K becauseLead as banned by E13 in ,K because

of air pollutionof air pollution

Lead as put in gasoline to boost octaneLead as put in gasoline to boost octanelevelslevels

Some engines built before ,=2 needSome engines built before ,=2 need

lead to lubricate ex(aust valves andlead to lubricate ex(aust valves and

seatsseats

Use a lead substitute in pre$,=2 modelsUse a lead substitute in pre$,=2 models


75/98


4ctane Boosters4ctane Boosters

Tetraet(yl Lead+Tetraet(yl Lead+

Et(anol 3lco(olEt(anol 3lco(ol

!et(anol 3lco(ol!et(anol 3lco(ol 4xinol4xinol

!TBE 7!et(yl Tertiary Butyl!TBE 7!et(yl Tertiary Butyl

Et(er8+Et(er8+

+ 6o Banned from use+ 6o Banned from use


76/98


Seasonal Blends ofSeasonal Blends of"asoline"asoline

Winter Blend -Winter Blend - Aery AolatileAery Aolatile Spring Blend - !oderatelySpring Blend - !oderately

AolatileAolatile

Summer Blend - Lo AolatilitySummer Blend - Lo Aolatility Fall Blend - !oderate AolatilityFall Blend - !oderate Aolatility


77/98


"aso(ol"aso(ol

3 mixture of ;< gasoline and3 mixture of ;< gasoline and

,;< alco(ol 7usually et(anol8,;< alco(ol 7usually et(anol8 3bout 2;< less air pollution from3bout 2;< less air pollution from

gaso(olgaso(ol

&an cause severe problems in&an cause severe problems insome engines used infre#uentlysome engines used infre#uently


78/98


1roblems it( "aso(ol1roblems it( "aso(ol

3lco(ol attracts ater to fuel3lco(ol attracts ater to fuel

systemsystem

3lco(ol destroys plasticiOers in3lco(ol destroys plasticiOers ingas%ets> o$rings> seals> 'oats>gas%ets> o$rings> seals> 'oats>

diap(ragms> etc?diap(ragms> etc?

3lco(ol causes severe corrosion3lco(ol causes severe corrosion 3lco(ol dissolves some additives3lco(ol dissolves some additives

in to$cycle oilsin to$cycle oils


79/98


"aso(ol vs? "asoline"aso(ol vs? "asoline

"aso(ol - =K>;;; BTURs per"aso(ol - =K>;;; BTURs per

gallongallon

"asoline - ,,H>;;; BTURs per"asoline - ,,H>;;; BTURs per

gallongallon


80/98


"aso(ol and Small"aso(ol and Small

EnginesEngines

3void use of gaso(ol fuels in3void use of gaso(ol fuels in

small engines$small engines$ especially to$especially to$

cycle enginescycle engines


81/98


Fuel Useful Life+Fuel Useful Life+

"asoline"asoline- about ; days- about ; days

"asoline Q To$cycle oil"asoline Q To$cycle oil- 3bout- 3bout

:; days:; days Diesel FuelDiesel Fuel- 3bout to years- 3bout to years

+ Depends greatly on+ Depends greatly on

temperaturetemperatureand (umidityand (umidity


82/98


Fuel StabiliOersFuel StabiliOers

&an be added to fuel in storage&an be added to fuel in storage

containercontainer

&an be added to fuel storage tan%s&an be added to fuel storage tan%s

&an be added to fuel tan% on engine&an be added to fuel tan% on engine

&an be added to fuel tan% for long term&an be added to fuel tan% for long term

storage of e#uipment+storage of e#uipment+

+ un engine for @ve minutes to+ un engine for @ve minutes todistribute stabiliOer to all parts of fueldistribute stabiliOer to all parts of fuel

systemsystem


83/98


Fuel Life it(Fuel Life it(StabiliOersStabiliOers

"asoline - Up to"asoline - Up to to yearsto years

"asoline Q 4il - Up to"asoline Q 4il - Up to oneone

yearyear Diesel Fuel - 4verDiesel Fuel - 4ver to yearsto years


84/98


StabiliOer Brands+StabiliOer Brands+

ST3$B.LST3$B.L

"U!4UT"U!4UT

!c&ullog(!c&ullog( 4t(ers4t(ers

+3vailable at Wal$!art> C$!art> 3uto+3vailable at Wal$!art> C$!art> 3uto

parts stores> etc?parts stores> etc?+&osts about ,; cents*gallon of fuel+&osts about ,; cents*gallon of fuel


85/98


ST3$B.L StabiliOerST3$B.L StabiliOer


86/98


Disposal of Used 4ilDisposal of Used 4il

&ontains carcinogens 999&ontains carcinogens 999

Do notDo notpour on ground 999pour on ground 999

&ollect oil in suitable container&ollect oil in suitable container Ta%e to recycling center forTa%e to recycling center for

disposaldisposal

&enters ill also ta%e gear oil>&enters ill also ta%e gear oil>transmission 'uid> antifreeOe>transmission 'uid> antifreeOe>

freon>freon>


87/98


Used 4ilUsed 4il

4ne gallon ill foul taste of one4ne gallon ill foul taste of one

million gallons of fres( atermillion gallons of fres( ater Toxic to plants and animalsToxic to plants and animals

&an be re@ned into ne oil+&an be re@ned into ne oil+

+4ne gallon of used oil ill ma%e+4ne gallon of used oil ill ma%e/?H #uarts of ne oil/?H #uarts of ne oil

4G Season Storage4G Season Storage


88/98


4G Season Storage4G Season Storage

of Small Enginesof Small Engines

&(ange engine oil&(ange engine oil

Drain fuel tan%Drain fuel tan%++

&lean exterior of engine&lean exterior of engine emove spar% plug> add one tableemove spar% plug> add one table

spoon oil> replace spar% plugspoon oil> replace spar% plug

&over loosely to %eep clean&over loosely to %eep clean

Store in dry locationStore in dry location

+ 3dd fuel stabiliOer to fuel tan%+ 3dd fuel stabiliOer to fuel tan%


89/98


3dding 4il 3t Spar%plug3dding 4il 3t Spar%plug


90/98


&leaning Engine Exterior&leaning Engine Exterior


91/98


Li#uid &ooling SystemsLi#uid &ooling Systems

&irculating 'uid 7coolant8 assists&irculating 'uid 7coolant8 assists

in removing (eat of combustionin removing (eat of combustion

&oolant is usually a mixture of&oolant is usually a mixture ofantifreeOe and aterantifreeOe and ater

&oolant must be c(anged&oolant must be c(anged

periodicallyperiodicallyto remove corrosionto remove corrosionand replace additivesand replace additives


92/98


3ntifreeOe Types3ntifreeOe Types

Et(ylene glycol 7Et(ylene glycol 7greengreen88

1ropylene glycol 71ropylene glycol 7greengreen88

Long$Life et(ylene glycolLong$Life et(ylene glycol77orangeorange))


93/98


eplacing 3ntifreeOe+eplacing 3ntifreeOe+

egular antifreeOeegular antifreeOe- Drain> 'us(- Drain> 'us(and replace every one to to yearsand replace every one to to years

Long life antifreeOeLong life antifreeOe

- Drain> 'us(>- Drain> 'us(>

replace every H years or ,;;>;;; toreplace every H years or ,;;>;;; to,H;>;;; miles,H;>;;; miles

+ 3dditives include corrosion+ 3dditives include corrosion

in(ibitors> sealers> ater pumpin(ibitors> sealers> ater pumplubricant> (eat transfer compoundslubricant> (eat transfer compounds


94/98


ToxicityToxicity

Et(ylene glycol - very toxicEt(ylene glycol - very toxic 1ropylene glycol - non toxic1ropylene glycol - non toxic++

+ Will be slig(tly toxic after use in+ Will be slig(tly toxic after use in

cooling system - pic%s upcooling system - pic%s upcontaminants suc( as lead>contaminants suc( as lead>

mercurymercury


95/98


FreeOe 1rotectionFreeOe 1rotection

1ure antifreeOe -1ure antifreeOe - minus Fminus F H;< ater Q H;< antifreeOe -H;< ater Q H;< antifreeOe -

minus 02 Fminus 02 F

0;< ater Q =;< antifreeOe -0;< ater Q =;< antifreeOe -minus K2 Fminus K2 F


96/98


Boil$4ver 1rotectionBoil$4ver 1rotection

1ure antifreeOe -1ure antifreeOe - K degrees FK degrees F

H;< ater Q H;< antifreeOe -H;< ater Q H;< antifreeOe -

/:H F/:H F

0;< ater Q =;< antifreeOe -0;< ater Q =;< antifreeOe -

/K/ F/K/ F


97/98


!ixing 3nti$FreeOes!ixing 3nti$FreeOes

egular antifreeOe 7egular antifreeOe 7greengreen8 and8 and

Long$life antifreeOe 7Long$life antifreeOe 7orangeorange88

cannotcannotbe mixed 9999999be mixed 9999999 egular antifreeOe containsegular antifreeOe contains

al%alineal%alinecorrosion in(ibitorscorrosion in(ibitors

Long life antifreeOe containsLong life antifreeOe containsorganic acidorganic acidcorrosion in(ibitorscorrosion in(ibitors


98/98

T(e Beginning of aT(e Beginning of aBetter !aintenanceBetter !aintenance

1rogram and Longer Life1rogram and Longer Life

for Engines onfor Engines onourourLan and "ardenLan and "arden

E#uipmentE#uipment

fuels and lubricants training ppt

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