from territory to statehood. northwest ordinance: 1787 the ordinance organized the territory between...
TRANSCRIPT
From TerritoryFrom Territory
To StatehoodTo Statehood
Northwest Ordinance: 1787Northwest Ordinance: 1787 The Ordinance organized the territory between the Ohio and
Mississippi Rivers. It provided a path to Territory status andeventually to admission as a new State
No Slavery
Eliminated oldState Claims
Guaranteed Natural Rights(Pre Bill of Rights)
EstablishedTownship System
Wisconsin Territorial HistoryWisconsin Territorial History
1800: What is now Wisconsin is assigned to Indiana Territory
Though technically American, Wisconsin is still controlledby British fur traders and descendants of the French
Americans and British foughta battle at Prairie du Chienduring War of 1812
America did not exercisecontrol of Wisconsin untilafter War of 1812
Early SettlementEarly Settlement 1822: Colonel James Johnson of Kentucky leads group of
miners from Galena, Illinois into southwest Wisconsin toestablish lead mines
Lead mining becomes the first major resource attractingsettlers to Wisconsin
Lead Mining Lead Mining in Wisconsinin Wisconsin
Early miners dug holes in hillsides for dwellings and became known as Badgers Professional miners from Wales and Cornwall soon arrived Lead shot was a major product By 1850, many small miners turn to farming
Early MilwaukeeEarly Milwaukee 1818, Solomon Juneau travels south from Green Bay & builds
a trading post, later run by his son & daughter 1819, Byron Kilbourn establishes store & trading post on
west bank of Milwaukee River. “Kilbourntown” he makes surehis E-W Streets do NOT match up with those east of riverin “Juneautown”
George H Walker establishes third settlement south of othertwo, becomes known as Walker’s Point
Winnebago War, 1827Winnebago War, 1827 Ho-Chunk warriors led by Red Bird attack keel boats on the
Mississippi River. Angry at growing presence of lead miners They mistakenly believed that two jailed Ho-Chunk had been
sent to a rival tribe for execution by whites at Prairie du Chien
Winnebago War, 1827Winnebago War, 1827 Most tribes failed to support Red Bird 600 soldiers under Henry Atkinson from St Louis and 130 militia under Henry Dodge make show of force, Red Bird
surrenders, is arrested and dies in prison Ho Chunk forced to sign treaty permanently giving lead mine
areas to the United States The same issues will be involved in Black Hawk’s War, 1832
Brown County/ Green BayBrown County/ Green Bay First session of Brown County Court, July 1824
Judge Jacques Porlier, started as French fur trader First US District Court, Green Bay, October 1824
Judge James Doty
Black Hawk’s War: 1832Black Hawk’s War: 1832 Black Hawk was a Sauk Chief In 1832 he led his tribe & a group of Meskwakis & Kickapoos
across the Mississippi back on to land they had given up ina disputed treaty signed in 1804
Group of tribes known as British Band, American settlers andlead miners assumed they were hostile
Battle of Sycamore Creek, Battle of Sycamore Creek, or Stillman’s Run, May 14or Stillman’s Run, May 14
Poorly trained Illinois Militia under Major Isaiah Stillman attacked the British Band near Sycamore Creek
Black Hawk and the Band killed 12 militia and the rest fled Black Hawk then led his people north into Wisconsin searching
for land safe to settle on, but are pursued by US Army
Battle of Wisconsin HeightsBattle of Wisconsin HeightsJune 21stJune 21st
Regular US Army Troops under Henry Atkinson pursueBlack Hawk north
Wisconsin Militia under Henry Dodge defeat Black Hawkat Wisconsin Heights. Black Hawk and his band then try andescape west, back across the Mississippi
Battle of Bad Axe RiverBattle of Bad Axe RiverAugust 2ndAugust 2nd
US Army Troops catch Black Hawk’s Band on the east bankof the Mississippi, just south of the Bad Axe River
Gunboat Warrior shells Indians from Mississippi The British Band is massacred and only Black Hawk and a
few tribal leaders escape
Milwaukee:1834-1835Milwaukee:1834-1835 First Steamboat arrives in 1834,
soon traffic is regular German immigrants begin
to settle in Milwaukee area
Wisconsin Territory: 1836Wisconsin Territory: 1836 Congress creates Wisconsin Territory, April 20, 1836 Henry Dodge first Territorial Governor Dodge selects Belmont (lead region) as first capital
State Capitol Changes State Capitol Changes Belmont proved to be to remote. James Doty proposed the isthmus between two lakes
(Where he happened to have bought up much land) and convinced Dodge and legislature to move there.
Capital was temporarily in Burlington (now Iowa) while buildings were built, and roads laid out
Treaty of St Peters: 1837Treaty of St Peters: 1837Henry Dodge signs treaty with Ojibwe & SiouxIndians cede land, retain hunting & fishing rightsPressure for treaties from cities like St Louis & Cleveland
that needed lumber for growing populations
Ho Chunk Treaties: 1837Ho Chunk Treaties: 1837 Ho Chunk refused to treat with Governor Dodge Keramani, Yellow Thunder & Waukon Decorah travel to
Washington DC to negotiate with Federal Government Eventually forced to agree to cede all lands & move west
of Mississippi, though hunting & fishing rights retainedMany never leave, or leave and then return
University, Post Offices, etcUniversity, Post Offices, etcIn 1838, Territorial Legislature appropriates land for the
University of the Territory of Wisconsin, ground is broken in Madison
Land is also set aside for 80 Post Offices around territoryMilwaukee & Rock River Canal Company is chartered
New GovernorsNew Governors In 1841, William Henry Harrison appoints James Doty to
succeed Henry Dodge as second territorial governorDodge's supporters in territorial legislature block most of
Doty's plans, and vote against statehood four timesIn 1844 President Tyler replaces Doty with Nathaniel Tallmadge
James Doty Henry Dodge Nathaniel Tallmadge
Towards StatehoodTowards StatehoodIn 1845, Tallmadge is replaced by Dodge as Governor In 1846 the people of Wisconsin vote in favor of StatehoodFirst Constitutional Convention, Madison, 1846. After much
debate, the delegates reject the proposed constitutionThis constitution gave African-Americans the right to vote
and gave women the right to own property
Statehood: 1848Statehood: 1848Second attempt at Constitution successfulLess liberal than first attempt, criticized by someWisconsin admitted to Union, May 29, 1848
First State LeadersFirst State LeadersGovernor: Nelson Dewey (Democrat) Senators: Henry Dodge and Isaac Walker (Democrats)Congressmen: William Lynde and Mason Darling (Democrats)
RailroadsRailroads1853: Milwaukee & Mississippi RR completes line to Madison1857: M&M finishes line to Mississippi RiverRailroads open land up for settlers and immigrantsAs wheat farming replaces lead mining, railroads become
increasingly more important
Republican PartyRepublican Party February 1854, Republican Party founded in Ripon, WIAnti slavery, founded in reaction to Kansas-Nebraska ActParty quickly spreads to other northern states
Bashford vs Barstow Bashford vs Barstow 1855: Democrat William Barstow defeats Republican
Coles Bashford by 157 votes. Bashford claims election fraudCourts review results & see pattern of votes from nonexistent
precincts in northern counties, especially Waupaca Co.Court decides in favor of Bashford. Barstow says he will not
be removed from office alive, but later backs down
Civil War: April 1861Civil War: April 1861Governor Alexander Randall issues call for volunteersRandall raised 18 infantry regiments, 10 artillery batteries
and three troops of cavalry, exceeding Federal requirementsCamp Randall in Madison served as recruiting & training
center for Wisconsin troops, later a POW camp
Wisconsin in the Civil WarWisconsin in the Civil War“The Iron Brigade”“The Iron Brigade”
2nd, 6th & 7th Wisconsin Volunteer Regiments, and the19th Indiana Regiment
Known as the Iron Brigade, and the Black Hat BrigadePart of the Army of the Potomac, fought at 2nd Manassas
Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville & GettysburgHelped slow Confederates on 1st day of Gettysburg Highest casualty rate of all Union Brigades during the war
Wisconsin in the Civil WarWisconsin in the Civil War“The Old Abes”“The Old Abes”
8th Wisconsin Infantry brigade became known as the Eagle Regiment, because of a pet bald eagle that hadbeen caught and tamed by a Native American recruit
“Old Abe” attended regimental reunions until his death, 1881
Wisconsin in the Civil WarWisconsin in the Civil WarGovernor Louis HarveyGovernor Louis Harvey
Louis Harvey and his wife Cordelia traveled to Shiloh to helpnurse Union soldiers after the battle
Harvey slipped de-barking from a steam boat and drowned His wife continued nursing, and helped convince Lincoln to
establish veterans hospitals after the war
Wisconsin in the Civil WarWisconsin in the Civil WarColonel Joseph BaileyColonel Joseph Bailey
General Nathaniel Banks lead a campaign up the Red River. He was defeated at Sabine Crossroads, had to retreat downriver
Dry weather & low water in the river trappeda navy squadron under Admiral David Porter
Bailey and Wisconsin lumberman built a dam, then released the water and floated the squadron over the shoalsand to safety downriver
Wisconsin in the Civil WarWisconsin in the Civil WarResistance to the DraftResistance to the Draft
In November, 1862, Catholic German settlers in Ozaukee Coprotested against the draft by destroying the draft office and occupying the Courthouse.
Governor Salomon was forced to use the 28th Infantry fromMilwaukee to restore order
Wisconsin in the Civil WarWisconsin in the Civil WarResultsResults
Over 90,000 soldiers & sailors from Wisconsin served 3,794 were killed in action 8,022 died of disease
Increase Lapham: 1811-75Increase Lapham: 1811-75 Increase Lapham, State Surveyor, makes many geological
discoveries around Wisconsin, including a meteorite In 1867 he warns about the environmental consequences
of overlogging Wisconsin forests Believes weather can be predicted by using maps & recording
meteorological data. He founds the National Weather Bureau Creates first geological map of Wisconsin
Laura Ingalls Wilder: 1867-1957Laura Ingalls Wilder: 1867-1957 Laura Ingalls Wilder is born in Pepin County, Wisconsin She will go on to write a series of books about life in the
woods and on the prairies of Wisconsin, Kansas, MinnesotaSouth Dakota and Missouri
Frank Lloyd Wright: 1867-1959Frank Lloyd Wright: 1867-1959 Frank Lloyd Wright is born in Richland Center, Wisconsin Organic architecture, structures in harmony with humans and
with the environment Wright becomes leader of the Prairie School of Architecture
Ho Chunk Removal 1870-73Ho Chunk Removal 1870-731870: Several Ho Chunk bands are still in Wisconsin despite
having signed treaty calling for them to move westWhite settlers become alarmed and petition Congress1872, Congress appropriates money for removal of Ho Chunk1873, Ho Chunk forcibly removed to reservations in Nebraska
Fire! - October 1871Fire! - October 1871 Huge fires sweep through Door, Oconto, Shawano, Brown
and Kewaunee Counties. The town of Peshtigo is destroyed1000-2000 people killed, over 3000 made homeless
Wisconsin: 1873Wisconsin: 1873Christopher Sholes of Kenosha invents the typewriterRevolutionizes office work, and later, school work
Logging & TimberLogging & TimberLogging began in the late 1830s
and reached its height 1870-1890Many Scandinavian Immigrants
made a living as loggersLogs floated down the Black, Chippewa
Wolf, Fox & Wisconsin Rivers to sawmilltowns like Stevens Point, OshkoshWausau, Eau Claire and others
Sawdust War: 1881Sawdust War: 1881 Sawmill workers in Eau Claire go on strike, demanding
reduction of working hours to a ten hour day Protests, riots and damage to property ensue 8 Companies of National Guard called to restore order
The Circus!The Circus! The 7 Ringling Brothers of Baraboo, Wisconsin started giving
shows in 1882, and began performing as a circus in 1884 In 1907 they bought Barnum & Bailey's Circus Until 1918, their headquarters was in Baraboo
Iron OreIron Ore1885, Iron Ore is discovered in the Gogebic RangeNew towns spring up along with minesHurley grew from 80 people to over 2500
Wisconsin Veterans Home: 1887Wisconsin Veterans Home: 1887Retirement facilities for military veterans were inadequate
for the numbers of Civil War VeteransWisconsin legislature voted to create a new facilityWaupaca's bid was chosen ahead of five other citiesThe home was the dream of Dr. Frederick Marden, who
served in the Navy during the Civil War. Marden died under mysterious
circumstances in Milwaukeein 1887, and the first hallbuilt in Waupaca was namedafter him
Bible Reading in SchoolBible Reading in SchoolIn 1890, the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that reading
the Bible in the Edgerton Public Schools was in factreligious instruction
The Court held that this was unconstitutionalIn 1963, when the US Supreme Court ruled the same way
they cited the Edgerton case as precedent
Civil RightsCivil Rights1889, Owen Howell, a black Milwaukee
citizen is denied the seat he hadpurchased on the floor of the BijouOpera House.
With the help of black attorney WilliamGreen, Howell sues and wins
In 1899 the Wisconsin Legislaturepasses a law prohibiting racialdiscrimination in restaurants, inns,hotels & all other public accommodations
Wisconsin is years ahead of manyother states, especially in the South