Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise Missouri territory applied for Missouri territory applied for

statehood as a slave state 1819.statehood as a slave state 1819. Nation was currently divided with 11 Nation was currently divided with 11

free and 11 slave statesfree and 11 slave states Maine was admitted as a free state.Maine was admitted as a free state. Made slavery illegal north of the Made slavery illegal north of the

36°30’ parallel – an attempt to stop 36°30’ parallel – an attempt to stop the spread of slavery out west.the spread of slavery out west.

Slavery was still legal south of the Slavery was still legal south of the 36°30’ line.36°30’ line.

Missouri was admitted as a slave Missouri was admitted as a slave state – 1820.state – 1820.

Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso

Proposed by David Wilmot in 1846 Proposed by David Wilmot in 1846 Called for a law to outlaw slavery in Called for a law to outlaw slavery in

the land won from the war with the land won from the war with MexicoMexico

Passed in the House but defeated in Passed in the House but defeated in the Senatethe Senate

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Presented by Rep. Henry ClayPresented by Rep. Henry Clay California was admitted as a free state.California was admitted as a free state. New Mexico territory was divided into NM New Mexico territory was divided into NM

and Utah. The people of these territories and Utah. The people of these territories were allowed to vote on whether to allow were allowed to vote on whether to allow slavery – popular sovereigntyslavery – popular sovereignty

Abolish the slave trade in Wash. D.C.Abolish the slave trade in Wash. D.C. Proposed a new, more strict Fugitive Proposed a new, more strict Fugitive

Slave Law.Slave Law. Settled a border dispute between Mexico Settled a border dispute between Mexico

and Texas, increasing the size of Texas and Texas, increasing the size of Texas (does not create TX as a state).(does not create TX as a state).

Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act

Required all citizens to help catch Required all citizens to help catch runaway slavesrunaway slaves

Special courts were set up to handle Special courts were set up to handle runawaysrunaways

Judges received $10 for sending the Judges received $10 for sending the accused back to the South, but only accused back to the South, but only $5 for setting them free$5 for setting them free

Made northerners feel as though Made northerners feel as though they were part of the slave system they were part of the slave system againagain

Accused not allowed a jury trialAccused not allowed a jury trial

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act

Introduced by Stephen Douglas in Introduced by Stephen Douglas in 18541854

Repealing the Missouri CompromiseRepealing the Missouri Compromise Organized Kansas and Nebraska Organized Kansas and Nebraska

territories on the basis of popular territories on the basis of popular sovereigntysovereignty

Pro-slavery Missouri residents crossed Pro-slavery Missouri residents crossed into these territories to cast ballots (in into these territories to cast ballots (in order to sway the vote)order to sway the vote)

Tension in Kansas and Tension in Kansas and NebraskaNebraska

• • Kansas and Nebraska territories north of 36°30’ line, closed to Kansas and Nebraska territories north of 36°30’ line, closed to slaveryslavery

• • 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular sovereignty on slavery1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular sovereignty on slavery Act is supported by Senator Stephen Douglas because he knew Act is supported by Senator Stephen Douglas because he knew

Southerners did not want to add another free state and he wanted Southerners did not want to add another free state and he wanted to build a transcontinental railroad from Chicago to the Pacificto build a transcontinental railroad from Chicago to the Pacific

““Bleeding Kansas”Bleeding Kansas” In 1855, proslavery settlers from Missouri cross border to vote in In 1855, proslavery settlers from Missouri cross border to vote in

KansasKansas Fraudulent victory leads to violent struggle over slavery in Kansas Fraudulent victory leads to violent struggle over slavery in Kansas

(Continued on the next slide)(Continued on the next slide)

Violence in the SenateViolence in the Senate Charles Sumner verbally attacks slavery, singles out Andrew ButlerCharles Sumner verbally attacks slavery, singles out Andrew Butler Preston S. Brooks, Butler’s nephew, assaults Sumner on Senate Preston S. Brooks, Butler’s nephew, assaults Sumner on Senate

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas

Pro-slavery activists traveled to Pro-slavery activists traveled to Lawrence, KS, an anti-slavery Lawrence, KS, an anti-slavery stronghold, and smashed the press stronghold, and smashed the press of the Free-Soil newspaperof the Free-Soil newspaper

John Brown, an abolitionist, traveled John Brown, an abolitionist, traveled to Pottawatomie Creek and killed five to Pottawatomie Creek and killed five pro-slavery menpro-slavery men

Describes the blood-shed and Describes the blood-shed and violence in the western territoriesviolence in the western territories

John BrownJohn Brown 1856-Kansas1856-Kansas Pro-Slavery raided the town Pro-Slavery raided the town

of Lawrence Kansas an anti-of Lawrence Kansas an anti-slavery stronghold.slavery stronghold.

John Brown, an abolitionist John Brown, an abolitionist who had moved to Kansas who had moved to Kansas to make it a free state, to make it a free state, struck back. He road into struck back. He road into the town of Pottawatomie the town of Pottawatomie Creek in the middle of the Creek in the middle of the night. Along with his 4 night. Along with his 4 sons, Brown killed 5 sons, Brown killed 5 proslavery settlers. proslavery settlers.

Guerilla warfare erupted Guerilla warfare erupted and by 1856, 200 people and by 1856, 200 people had been killed in Kansashad been killed in Kansas

1859 Harpers Ferry, West 1859 Harpers Ferry, West VirginiaVirginia

Led followers east on his Led followers east on his anti-slavery campaignanti-slavery campaign

Planned an attack on a Planned an attack on a federal arsenalfederal arsenal

He hoped enslaved He hoped enslaved African-Americans would African-Americans would flock to the arsenal and he flock to the arsenal and he would provide guns for a would provide guns for a revoltrevolt

Robert E. Lee captures Robert E. Lee captures Brown and followersBrown and followers

Brown and four others Brown and four others were hangedwere hanged

Crittenden CompromiseCrittenden Compromise

Proposed by John J. Crittenden in Proposed by John J. Crittenden in 18601860

Rejected by President-elect LincolnRejected by President-elect Lincoln Re-institute the Missouri Compromise Re-institute the Missouri Compromise

line; north of the 36°30’ line slavery line; north of the 36°30’ line slavery was illegal and south of the 36°30’ was illegal and south of the 36°30’ line slavery could expand.line slavery could expand.