unit 2: territory to statehood complied by mrs. felker
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 2: Territory to Statehood
Complied by Mrs. Felker
Ohio's Early Development
You will learn about and be able to:Construct time lines with evenly spaced intervals
for years, decades and centuries to show the order of significant events in Ohio history.
Explain the causes and effects of the frontier wars of the 1790s, including the Battle of Fallen Timbers, on American Indians in Ohio and the United States.
Explain how Ohio progressed from territory to statehood, including the terms of the Northwest Ordinance.
Learner Expectations
Describe the impact of the expansion of European settlements on American Indians in Ohio.
Explain the reasons people came to Ohio including
Opportunities in agriculture, mining and manufacturing; family ties; freedom from political and religious oppression
Identify ways that people have affected the physical environment of Ohio including:
Use of wetlands; use of forests; building farms towns & transportation systems
Learner Expectations
Europeans viewed Ohio as the frontier even before they began to explore the area in the seventeenth century.
The first explorers were French, but British ones soon followed.
By the mid eighteenth century, French and
British traders arrived in the region, trading for furs with the local American Indian tribes.
Moving to Ohio
French and Indian War - 1763
French and Indian War - 1763
French and Indians fought the British over land that is now Ohio.
The British won this war, driving the French from the Ohio Country and the rest of North America.
The British controlled Ohio’s land for nearly 20
years.
The British government attempted to improve relations with the natives by prohibiting white settlement in the Ohio Country.
Americans fought the British to control the 13 colonies and land that is now Ohio.
Americans won the 13 colonies and land that is now Ohio.
The Treaty of Paris (1783) brought the Revolution to a close, and Great Britain recognized the independence of its former colonies.
The new nation secured all of the land east of the Mississippi River except for British possessions in Canada and Spanish territory in Florida.
Revolutionary War - 1781
The American Indians in the Ohio Country took no formal part in the treaty negotiations.
The British continued to trade guns and other European manufactured goods for native furs.
The British hoped that the Indians, with English weapons, would stop the westward expansion of the newly independent Americans.
After the Revolution
Northwest Ordinance - 1787
Northwest Ordinance - 1787 On July 13, 1787, the Confederation
Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance. The act created the Northwest Territory.
It was a plan for territories to become states.
The Northwest Ordinance required 1. Congress appointed a governor
2. 5,000 white males lived there, elect legislature3. 60,000 people lived there, apply for statehood4. State constitution written, asked Congress to be admitted
The first state to be formed from the Northwest Territory was Ohio, the seventeenth state of the United States of America.
ClimateWarm, Wet spring/summer good for growing cropsLong growing season for crops
LandformsFertile soil for growing cropsFlat land – easier to grow crops
WaterMany rivers and streams for irrigating cropsRivers used for transporting crops to other markets
FamilyOther family members were already here
Why move to Ohio?
Many of the first settlements were near the Ohio River because these were easy areas to reach and had established routes for transportation.
Marietta was the first permanent settlement of the United States of America in the territory north and west of the Ohio River.
Originally known as Adelphia, meaning "brotherhood," Marietta was the first settlement founded by the Ohio Company of Associates in the Northwest Territory in 1788.
First Permanent Settlement - 1788
The Battle of Fallen Timbers was an important victory for the United States Army against natives in the Northwest Territory.
General Anthony Wayne was the commander of the United States Army of the the Northwest Territory. The major purpose of this army was to defend American settlers from Indian attack.
The Battle of Fallen Timbers - 1794
As Wayne moved toward the Maumee River, the Indians prepared to attack him in an area known as Fallen Timbers.
Blue Jacket, a Shawnee leader, lead the tribes into battle.
The Americans had 33 men killed and roughly 100 wounded, while the Indians lost twice that number.
The Battle of Fallen Timbers - 1794
Treaty of Greeneville -1795 Signed: August 3, 1795,
Tribes moved to the northwestern part
Ohio. still hunt on the land that they
ceded.
United States $20,000 worth of goods for signing $9,500 every year in goods. Americans could create trading
posts in their territory.
Many Indians refused to honor the agreement.
White settlers continued to move onto the contested land.
War of 1812The War of 1812 was fought between the
United States and Great Britain from 1812 until 1815.
CausesGreat Britain stopped U.S. ships and impress
(take by force) sailors from them. England tried to prevent U.S. farmers from
trading with the French.British soldiers continued to occupy territory
belonging to the United States
This victory ended the native threat to settlers.
War of 1812
President Thomas Jefferson signed the Enabling Act of 1802 on April 30, 1802. This act called for the admittance of Ohio as a formal state within the United States as soon as possible.
The Enabling Act set Ohio's boundaries. The eastern boundary Pennsylvania state line; southern border Ohio River; the western border would begin where the Great Miami River flows into the Ohio River and extend due northward to the southern tip of Lake Michigan; and the northern boundary border with Canada.
Ohio Statehood
In November 1802, thirty-five delegates met at Ohio's constitutional convention to draft a state constitution. In order for Ohio to become a state, representatives of the territory had to submit a constitution to the United States Congress for approval.
The Ohio Constitution of 1803 providedAll white men with the right to vote if they paid. There was a governor with a term lasting two years. The legislature, consisting of the General Assembly, contained
two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate. Representatives served only a single year before having to be reelected, while senators served two years. The legislature also selected the judges.
The Ohio Constitution of 1803 prohibited slavery, honoring one of the Northwest Ordinance's stipulations.
Ohio Statehood
The convention approved the Constitution on November 29, 1802. The U. S. Senate and the House of Representatives approved the Constitution, and on February 19, 1803, Ohio officially became the seventeenth state.
The State of Ohio celebrates Ohio statehood on March The reason for this is because the Ohio General Assembly met for the first time on this day in 1803.
Ohio Statehood
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