from intermittent water supply to 24/7. approach and...

© Hitachi Europe Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.

From intermittent water supply to 24/7. Approach and methodology to face water crisis

Alessandro BettinHITACHI

Tirana, 04 October 2016

© Hitachi Europe Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved. 1

Segment Constitution* (FY2015)

10%

6%

19%

14%

3%

11%

21%

7%

9%Revenues

1,034.3 billion yen

Information & Telecommunication Systems

Social Infrastructure & Industrial Systems＊1

Electronic Systems & Equipment

Construction Machinery

High Functional Materials & Components

Automotive Systems

Financial Services ＊3

Smart Life & Ecofriendly Systems

Others

(Logistics and Other services) ＊2

*1： Effective on April 1, 2015, the "Power Systems" became part of the "Social Infrastructure & Industrial Systems. "

*2: Hitachi Transport System, Ltd. which is included in "Others" became equity-methods affiliate of Hitachi, Ltd. on May 19, 2016.

*3: Hitachi Capital Corporation which constitute of "Financial Services" is planned to become equity-methods affiliate

of Hitachi, Ltd. in August, 2016.


Hitachi Aulos

Specialist Division of Hitachi deliveringInnovative Solutions for Water Network and Energy Efficiency


68,7%

30,1%

1.2%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Snow and Ice Groundwater Surface Water

Available Fresh Water (2,5% of earth water)

Source: Igor Shiklomanov “World Fresh Water Resources”, 1993


How will climate change impact on fresh water security?

Heavier and bigger rainfall

More rapid discharge

Less storage capacity

More evaporation

Melting of inland glaciers

More droughts


The Paradox of Water Loss

1. Extra water available

2. Reduce Energy Consumption

3. Reduce Environmental Impact

4. Less investment for new plants, new pipes, new water resources

Better Adaptation to

Climate Change


Background

5.000 inhabitants + turists

Average flow from source decreased from 45 l/s to 19 l/s in 2012

Intermittent Water SupplyClose reservoir

outlets valves overnight


Audit Water Network

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00

PO

RT

AT

A (

l/s)

UE PALM - AREA URBANA BUCACCIO - MONITORAGGIO PER MODELLO

M_1

Minimum Night Use

LEAKAGE

34 l/s Total inflow

18 l/s Real Losses

Problems Increased burst frequency Dirty water Air in the plumbing system


Leaks Never Stops

Without any leak repairs, leakage increase continuously

Leakage trend depends on pressure, pressure transients, network age, network operation

IWS increases leakage trend

Natural Increase of Leakage measured with MNF


Vision

We approach to every network by addressing the causes that increase leakage frequency with the aim of reducing water loss permanently


Air Control is Necessary to reduce burst frequency

High pressure surge

Vacuum conditions negative for pipe integrity

Reduced cross flow, higher energy losses, tremors in the system

Higher corrosion for metal pipes and parts

Lower pumping efficiency

Inaccuracies in flow measurement

Cavitation damage

H(m)

H (Air)

H (No Air)

Problems


Analysis of Pressure Transients

Measurement of

Transient Pressure at

reservoir outlet (time

step 5/100 seconds)

Pressure

Transient

PMin < -7 m

PMax > 37 m

The negative pressure highlights the presence of an air pocket subject to

compression decompression.


Air Control

Installation of an air control valve at the critical node “Ripartitore” dowstream reservoir outlet.

1. Air venting

2. Evacuation of large volumes of air

3. Allowance of air into the pipe to avoid negative pressure


Pressure Management

Installation of N.2 PRV

(Pressure Reduction

Valves)

at the inlet of DMAs

2 pilots with day/night

setting

4 l/s Leakage Reduction


Leak Detection

Leak Pre-location

(Leakage Area)

Leaks Pinpointing

N. 20 Leaks

Found

STEP TEST

1.Ground

Microphone

2.Correlator

Tracer

Gas


Results

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

03/0

7/1

2 1

2.0

0

03/0

7/1

2 1

3.3

3

03/0

7/1

2 1

5.0

6

03/0

7/1

2 1

6.3

9

03/0

7/1

2 1

8.1

2

03/0

7/1

2 1

9.4

5

03/0

7/1

2 2

1.1

8

03/0

7/1

2 2

2.5

1

04/0

7/1

2 0

0.2

4

04/0

7/1

2 0

1.5

7

04/0

7/1

2 0

3.3

0

04/0

7/1

2 0

5.0

3

04/0

7/1

2 0

6.3

6

04/0

7/1

2 0

8.0

9

04/0

7/1

2 0

9.4

2

04/0

7/1

2 1

1.1

5

04/0

7/1

2 1

2.4

8

04/0

7/1

2 1

4.2

1

04/0

7/1

2 1

5.5

4

04/0

7/1

2 1

7.2

7

04/0

7/1

2 1

9.0

0

04/0

7/1

2 2

0.3

3

04/0

7/1

2 2

2.0

6

04/0

7/1

2 2

3.3

9

05/0

7/1

2 0

1.1

2

05/0

7/1

2 0

2.4

5

05/0

7/1

2 0

4.1

8

05/0

7/1

2 0

5.5

1

05/0

7/1

2 0

7.2

4

05/0

7/1

2 0

8.5

7

05/0

7/1

2 1

0.3

0

Po

rtata

l/s

July 2012

VUS S.p.a. Rete Idrica di NORCIA

Misura fi Portata al SCAVO sul 200

Before - IWS

After – 24/7


From IWS to continuous supply (24/7)

Initial Water Audit

Air & Pressure

Transients Control

Pressure

Management

Leak Detection and

Leak Repair

Continuous Water Supply System

Target achieved ?

Target achieved ?

Target achieved ?

Target achieved ?

DMA Setup

Target achieved ?

Present Intermittent Supply System

Network Operation

Water Balance

Supply/Demand Balance

Y YY

Y

N

N

N

N


Conclusion

• IWS increase burst frequency

• IWS network is affected by pressure transients generated by uncontrolled valves operation

• IWS increase air transport in water pipes

• First actions should be directed to “calm” the network

• Step by Step process

• 24/7 can be maintained only if the causes that generate leaks are removed

© Hitachi Europe Ltd. 2016. All rights reserved.

Alessandro Bettin, Msc Civil Eng.Business Development Advisor

Email: [email protected]

Tel: +39 02 3500101 Mobile +39 347 5700193

Hitachi Drives & Automation (Italy) S.r.l. - Aulos divisionVia Ghisalba 13, 20021 Ospiate di Bollate (MI) - Italy

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

http://www.hitachi-da.it/



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