foto roger alonzo efectos de baja presion · after tropical depression 12e struck nicaragua; more...

Foto Roger Alonzo efectos de baja presion

SAMPLE OF ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS

AARREC ACF ACTED ADRA Africare AMI-France ARC ASB ASI AVSI CARE CARITAS CEMIR International CESVI CFA CHF CHFI CISV CMA CONCERN COOPI CORDAID COSV

CRS CWS DanChurchAid DDG Diakonie Emerg. Aid DRC EM-DH FAO FAR FHI FinnChurchAid FSD GAA GOAL GTZ GVC Handicap International HealthNet TPO HELP HelpAge International HKI Horn Relief HT

Humedica IA ILO IMC INTERMON Internews INTERSOS IOM IPHD IR IRC IRD IRIN IRW Islamic Relief JOIN JRS LWF Malaria Consortium Malteser Mercy Corps MDA MDM MEDAIR

MENTOR MERLIN Muslim Aid NCA NPA NRC OCHA OHCHR OXFAM PA PACT PAI Plan PMU-I Première Urgence RC/Germany RCO Samaritan's Purse Save the Children SECADEV Solidarités SUDO TEARFUND

TGH UMCOR UNAIDS UNDP UNDSS UNEP UNESCO UNFPA UN-HABITAT UNHCR UNICEF UNIFEM UNJLC UNMAS UNOPS UNRWA VIS WFP WHO World Concern World Relief WV ZOA

iii

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 1

TABLE I: REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER CLUSTER ...................................................................... 3 TABLE II: REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER ORGANIZATION ............................................................ 4

2. CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES ..................................................................... 5

2.1 CONTEXT AND RESPONSE TO DATE ............................................................................................................ 5 2.1.1 Food Security .................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1.2 WASH .............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1.3 Health .............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.1.4 Shelter ............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.1.5 Early Recovery (ER)........................................................................................................................ 7

3. NEEDS ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................................... 12

4. COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN .................................................................................. 13

4.1 SCENARIOS .............................................................................................................................................. 13 4.2 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR HUMANITARIAN ACTION ............................................................................. 14 4.3 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND PRIORITIZATION OF PROJECTS ................................................................. 16 4.4 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN ................................................. 17 4.5 CLUSTER/SECTOR RESPONSE PLANS ......................................................................................................... 19

4.5.1. FOOD SECURITY ........................................................................................................................ 19 4.5.2. WASH ............................................................................................................................................ 21 4.5.3. HEALTH ........................................................................................................................................ 23 4.5.4. SHELTER ...................................................................................................................................... 25 4.5.5. ER .................................................................................................................................................. 28

4.6 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................................. 30

ANNEX I. LIST OF PROJECTS ....................................................................................................................... 31

TABLE IV: TOTAL FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR TO PROJECTS LISTED IN THE APPEAL ................................ 33 TABLE V: TOTAL HUMANITARIAN FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR (APPEAL PLUS OTHER)* ............................. 34 TABLE VI: HUMANITARIAN FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR TO PROJECTS NOT LISTED IN THE APPEAL .......... 35

ANNEX II. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 36

Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available

on http://www.humanitarianappeal.net.

Full project details can be viewed, downloaded and printed from www.reliefweb.int/fts.

http://www.humanitarianappeal.net/

http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

NICARAGUA

1

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

During the last two weeks of October 2011, heavy rains associated with Tropical Depression 12E

caused flooding and landslides throughout Nicaragua. National emergency was declared by the

president Daniel Ortega on October 17. Due to the magnitude of the damage caused by the flooding,

the Government requested the activation of the international assistance mechanisms managed by the

United Nations.

The latest assessment (October 28) organized by the Government concluded that 87 of 153

municipalities of the country suffered damages, while 148,530 people were affected. The most

affected departments of the country are Estelí, Chinandega, Madriz, Nueva Segovia, Jinotega,

Matagalpa and Managua. The affected population suffered damages to their property, agricultural

crops and other livelihoods. In the meantime, vital infrastructure and the environment were also

severely damaged.

Data from needs assessments conducted by the

government with UN agencies indicate that, 50 days

after Tropical Depression 12E struck Nicaragua; more

than 100,000 people remain in need of humanitarian

and early recovery assistance.

According to official data provided by the Government

through the National System for Attention, Mitigation

and Prevention of Disasters, the value of the

damages and losses amount to more than US$445

million1, which equals 6.8% of the GDP in 2010. The

most affected sectors are infrastructure, housing and

agricultural production.

Since the beginning of the disaster, a nationwide

coordinated effort focused on the provision of

emergency aid (food and non-food items, safe water

and health assistance) to the affected population,

especially to people in shelters.

Analysis based on the various needs assessments

conducted, shows that the areas requiring additional

attention in the coming months are food security,

water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and the early

recovery. However, needs persist for people

remaining in shelters and for some affected

communities, whom will require continued assistance

in the health and shelter sectors. In the meantime, activities related to protection of women, children

and adolescents will be mainstreamed within the response of all sectors.

The revised Flash Appeal seeks requirements for $14,840,854 until April 2012 to continue to address

the immediate and early recovery needs of the 100,000 most vulnerable people still in need of

emergency assistance. With $4.2 million in funding for the Appeal so far, this still leaves $10.6 million

to be raised. The United Nations System in Nicaragua will continue to provide both financial and

technical assistance to ensure strengthened capacity for the continuum from emergency to recovery,

rehabilitation and development.

1 All dollar signs in this document denote United States dollars. Funding for this appeal should be reported to the

Financial Tracking Service (FTS, [email protected]), which will display its requirements and funding on the current appeals page.

Nicaragua revised Flash Appeal Key parameters

Duration Six months

Affected population

100,000 people food-insecure 4,500 people remain in camps

Areas targeted by Flash Appeal

Principally in the four most affected departments of Chinandega, León, Managua, Estelí, but assistance also required in Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia and Madriz

Key clusters and sectors for response

Food security, WASH, health, shelter and early recovery

Key target beneficiaries (approximate figures)

- 100,000: food security - 25,000: WASH - 92,000: health - 4,500: shelter - 3,400: early recovery

Total funding requested

Funding requested per

beneficiary

$14,840,854 Approximately

$148

NICARAGUA

2

Basic humanitarian and development indicators for Nicaragua

Population 5,888,945

Under-five (U5) mortality rate (per 1,000) 35.0

Life expectancy (years) 74.5

Prevalence of undernourishment in total population (%) 19.0

Gross national income per capita ($) 1,077.70

Population living on less than $1.25 per day – purchasing power parity (%) 5.5

Population without sustainable access to an improved drinking water source (%) 65.0

European Commission Humanitarian Office (ECHO) Vulnerability Index score Medium

ECHO Crisis Index score High

Human Development Index score 0.57

Population growth 1.2

Maternal mortality 60.6

Infant mortality 29.0

Population with HIV/AIDS (accumulated) 4,742

NICARAGUA

3

TABLE I: REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER CLUSTER

Nicaragua Flash Appeal (October 2011 - April 2012) as of 13 December 2011

http://fts.unocha.org

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organizations.

Cluster Original requirements

Revised requirements

Funding

Unmet requirements

% Covered

Uncommitted pledges

($) A

($) B

($) C

($) D=B-C

E=C/B

($) F

COLLECTIVE CENTRES / EMERGENCY SHELTER

797,506 767,037 239,386 527,651 31% -

EARLY RECOVERY 1,350,000 1,907,584 229,438 1,678,146 12% -

FOOD SECURITY 10,606,470 10,530,473 2,995,560 7,534,913 28% -

HEALTH 785,760 785,760 323,105 462,655 41% -

WASH 750,000 850,000 418,906 431,094 49% -

Grand Total 14,289,736 14,840,854 4,206,395 10,634,459 28% -

NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over

Contribution: the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.

Commitment: creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.

Pledge: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not yet committed.)

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 December 2011. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (fts.unocha.org).

http://fts.unocha.org/


NICARAGUA

4

TABLE II: REQUIREMENTS AND FUNDING TO DATE PER ORGANIZATION




Appealing organization

Original requirements


Funding

Unmet requirements

% Covered

Uncommitted pledges

($) A

($) B

($) C

($) D=B-C

E=C/B

($) F

BUSF 101,850 71,381 - 71,381 0.0% -

CARE International - 320,000 - 320,000 0.0% -

DWHH - 571,217 - 571,217 0.0% -

FAO 1,700,000 1,700,363 370,862 1,329,501 21.8% -

IOM 420,525 420,525 179,386 241,139 42.7% -

PAHO (WHO) 724,770 724,770 262,137 462,633 36.2% -

RE.TE. - 76,796 - 76,796 0.0% -

SC 250,000 250,000 221,106 28,894 88.4% -

UNDP 1,350,000 1,900,000 229,438 1,670,562 12.1% -

UNDSS - 7,584 - 7,584 0.0% -

UNFPA 195,131 195,131 60,000 135,131 30.7% -

UNICEF 360,990 360,990 258,768 102,222 71.7% -

WFP 8,906,470 6,781,966 2,624,698 4,157,268 38.7% -

WVI 280,000 1,460,131 - 1,460,131 0.0% -

Grand Total 14,289,736 14,840,854 4,206,395 10,634,459 28.3% -








NICARAGUA

5

2. CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES

2.1 CONTEXT AND RESPONSE TO DATE

Sustained heavy rainfall in the Pacific, central and northern part of Nicaragua associated with Tropical

Depression 12E in October caused flooding and landslides, damage to people, property, vital

infrastructure, agricultural crops and environment, resulting in the immediate need of evacuating the

affected populations.

On 14 October, the National System for Attention, Mitigation and Prevention of Disasters (SINAPRED)

declared a yellow alert for the departments of Estelí, Chinandega, Madriz, Nueva Segovia, Jinotega,

and Matagalpa. In addition, they activated all department and municipal level emergency operations

centres and emergency response plans in these areas. In the subsequent days, other departments

began to report damages from the flooding and landslides.

Faced with the humanitarian situation, President Daniel Ortega issued a constitutional decree of state

of “National Calamity and Disaster” (Decree 53-2011) for the entire country. Upon this decree, the

Government of Nicaragua formally requested the United Nations System (UNS) in Nicaragua to

activate the international mechanism for aid and assistance.

The emergency response has been led by the Government of Nicaragua, establishing priorities for

intervention and needs´ requirements. The UNS, at the Government’s request, has activated its

mechanisms for mobilizing resources for the emergency response under a cluster approach.

In order to elaborate more consistent interventions, the sector and cluster leaders have held

coordination meetings and conducted joint field assessments with international agencies, the

Government and organizations belonging to the Humanitarian Network established in the country.

2.1.1 Food Security

The significant damage to crops has curtailed access to food. An initial emergency food security

assessment was conducted during the last half of October by World Food Programme (WFP), Food

and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of

Health (MoH) and SINAPRED, covering nine departments of the affected area. The survey

highlighted a shortage of food in the affected municipalities due to the isolated conditions of many

communities. In addition, local stores and markets have been unable to replenish stocks. This

situation coupled with crop losses has led to local rising food prices.

Most of the affected communities suffer from chronic vulnerability prior the floods. Hence the capacity

of the people to cope with the negative consequences of the floods is limited. The effect of El Niño or

La Niña on the up-coming planting season is uncertain. There are no specific alternatives for crop and

seeds conservation. Furthermore, the bean exportation market at regional level represents a threat

for the availability of seeds for the coming season.

No specific intervention has been carried-out by the humanitarian and state actors to assist the

“Apante” sowing period. Due to the rains, few farmers have had the capacity to produce during that

period.

The humanitarian response to address food insecurity caused by Tropical Depression 12E has been

focused on the delivery of food assistance to affected families and the rehabilitation of infrastructure

through food-for-work activities.

2.1.2 WASH

A joint assessment at municipal level was carried out after the initial launch of the Flash Appeal, in

order to attain updated information about the WASH situation. According to the figures obtained, a

higher number of water and sanitation facilities have been damaged compared with the initial data

provided by the Government; in the most affected departments (Chinandega, Leon, Estelí and

Managua), some 1,100 wells were damaged, flooded or contaminated. 10,800 latrines were damaged

NICARAGUA

6

or flooded. In the low lands (especially in the most affected municipalities of Leon, Chinandega and

Managua Departments) floods remained for several weeks and caused severe health problems

related with water sources contamination, lack of water and sanitation facilities.

The humanitarian response to date in the WASH sector was limited to delivery of safe water and

disinfection means (chlorine) as well as hygiene promotion activities, in shelters (during the first two

weeks) and in some of the most affected communities, by local MoH. Other activities such as

cleaning, disinfection and rehabilitation of water sources (wells); rehabilitation of sanitation facilities

(latrines and others); and delivery of water storage means and hygiene promotion, have been

planned. In support of local government leadership, implementation of these activities has started

through the WASH Cluster. Coordination meeting have been carried out on a regular basis, with the

participation of SINAPRED and other governmental institutions as well as local and international non-

governmental organizations (INGOs) involved in the response.

2.1.3 Health

The strategy to support the MoH consists of direct counseling with the following components: visits to

the local health clinics - SILAIS (Sistemas Locales de Atención Integral en Salud) which planned

actions to perform in each of the affected municipalities, determine the resources that are employed

for the provision of primary health care; carry out technical field visits to the municipalities for example:

supply and installation of radio stations in four municipalities of SILAIS Estelí. Support to maintain

health services will continue in shelters and communities affected by heavy rains and floods, to ensure

access to health services and safe water and to contribute to strengthening local capacities in the

monitoring of early warning and rapid response to outbreaks.

According to the registry of epidemiological surveillance of the MoH, during the month of October,

there was an increase in the number of cases of acute diarrheic disease, and acute respiratory

infection (ARI) in the four most affected SILAIS. Furthermore, increases in the number of pneumonia

in the SILAIS of León and Managua have been reported. Additionally, an increase in suspected cases

of classic dengue in the SILAIS of Estelí, Chinandega and León has been registered in the health

clinics. While in Chinandega there is a slight increase in leptospirosis. Fortunately, in the SILAIS of

León, Managua, and Estelí, there is a declining trend,

Support to the health sector has been provided through the provision of resources and direct guidance

to health officials. The programmed goals are being achieved. The most important lesson learned is

that the Health sector must work in close collaboration with the communities in the protection of its

inhabitants and safeguarding health.

2.1.4 Shelter

According to official figures, the emergency resulted in 16 deaths. More than 10,146 people (46%

adults and 54% children) were evacuated in 102 emergency shelters (ESs). However some internally

displaced people (IDPs) sought shelter in schools, communal centres and churches, and an unknown

number were are in private homes, organized as “solidarity houses”. The IDPs were concentrated in

the departments of Estelí, Managua, Leon, Chinandega, Madriz, Matagalpa and Nueva Segovia.

As of now, only 12 shelters remain active (ten in Managua and two in the municipality of San

Franscisco Libre). A total of 900 families (approximately 4,500 people) are still in shelters, 60% of

whom are from the last year’s emergency and 40% are from the current emergency. Some IDPs and

families who are able to return to their homes will be assisted.

The Government has distributed non-food items (NFIs), food, comfort kits and water with the support

of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and bilateral donors. International agencies have

supported with NFIs, hygiene/kitchen/comfort kits.

NICARAGUA

7

2.1.5 Early Recovery (ER)

The total of 10,812 houses were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E, representing 12,275

families. 8,924 homes were flooded, 318 are high-risk sites, 335 were completely destroyed and

1,235 partially destroyed. As part of the support to affected families, the Government announced the

immediate disbursement of 359 million Córdobas ($15.7 million) for the repair, rehabilitation and

construction of houses damaged by the rains.

Furthermore, the Government has implemented the following activities:

Rehabilitation of bridges, secondary roads and highways, in order to ensure national

connectivity.

Assessments of damage and losses on the infrastructure of roads, bridges and housing, in

order to establish accurately the requirements of rehabilitation.

To date, Habitat for Humanity has delivered 8,500 kits for emergency cleaning and minor flood repairs.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) obtained approval for $206,938 from the Central

Emergency Response Fund (CERF) for housing rehabilitation and reconstruction and generation of

temporary employment. HEMCO contributed $200,000 for the construction of supportive homes.

Agence d'Aide à la Coopération Technique et au Développement (Agency for Technical Cooperation

and Development/ACTED) presented food for work for the repair of roads in Achuapa.

ER actions will concentrate on: income generation for the affected populations, rehabilitation and

housing construction, training in safe self-construction methods, basic equipment such as tools and

belongings to facilitate reconstruction and economic recovery activities for the prevention of child

labour.

NICARAGUA

8

Key facts and figures of response to date

WASH

Main achievements to date Challenges and gaps in response

Cluster coordination activities among governmental institutions, NGOs and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), allowing an affective planning process.

Information and coordination meetings are being carried out on a regular basis leading to improved joint response planning.

The Government in coordination with UNICEF and NGOs/INGOs, assessed the needs of affected communities and planning intervention in: rehabilitation of water sources; water disinfection, storage and distribution; rehabilitation/construction of sanitation facilities; hygiene promotion and waste disposal.

A plan is being implemented under the coordination of the Government for the rehabilitation and construction of latrines, the disinfection and reparation of wells, distribution of filters and chlorine for potable water, and training on water and sanitation and vector control.

Difficult access to affected communities

Delay and difficulties to get detailed and reliable data and information about damages and needs;

High number of NGOs are interested in participating in the WASH Cluster, making the coordination effort more complex.

Continue the rehabilitation of wells and latrines.

FOOD SECURITY


WFP has delivered 727 MTs of food to date, including fortified food rations to assist 14,000 affected families in the three most-affected departments of the country. Food assistance delivery is ongoing to an additional five departments.

FAO has received funding from CERF for immediate assistance to prevent food losses, restore food production and livelihoods.

NGOs such as the Humboldt Center, Lutheran World Federation, Catholic Agency for Overseas Development, and Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (OXFAM) have provided food assistance and assistance to restoration of productive areas.

Welthungerhilfe and ACTED have supported rehabilitation of infrastructure and roads through food-for-work activities.

World Vision (WV) has delivered 15-day food packages for 992 families in 24 shelters

Distributions to isolated communities have been challenging. Several modes of transport were required, including improvised artisanal vessels, horses and in some cases food was delivered “canopy”.

WFP cereal stocks in country were depleted by mid-November; ongoing local purchases enabled WFP to quickly replenish stocks.

Funding is urgent in order to meet the food needs of the affected population for the next 150 days in order to prevent further deterioration of malnutrition in the affected areas with population prone to chronic or acute malnutrition.

Funding is required to expand food-for-work activities in 60 communities in urgent need of agricultural and infrastructure rehabilitation.

Food assistance is required for 1,960 families.

Seeds production is a priority as well as post-harvest inputs and technical assistance to meet next production season.

Affected backyard economies should be addressed to provide households with an alternate source of food and diversified diet.

NICARAGUA

9

SHELTER


Coordination meetings between the Ministry of Family and International Organization for Migration (IOM), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and UNICEF.

Better communication with shelter sector group and SINAPRED.

Local authorities provide information on the damages and needs.

The coordination with United Nations (UN) agencies and NGOs in the shelter sector is very good.

Many of the families that had been living in temporary shelters, such as schools and community centres, or with host families have started to return to their homes.

Improve response data.

Lack of training to shelter staff.

Families living in “solidarity homes” are not receiving the necessary support.

Lack of psychological support to families who have suffered loss of their homes.


Some NGOs as INETER, Habitat for Humanity, WV, Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA), Save the Children (SC), Shelter Box and the Nicaraguan Red Cross Society (NRCS) have supported with NFIs, water, kitchen/ hygiene/comfort kits, blankets, mattress, plastic barrels, cloth for affected families.

Many schools, churches and community centres have been used as shelters. It is planned to improve the few shelters in place and collaborate with SINAPRED and Comité Municipal para la Prevención, Mitigación y Atención de Desastre (Municipal Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation/COMUPRED) in shelter management, training and psychological support to the affected families.

HEALTH Main achievements to date Challenges and gaps in response

Restoration of the health services in the most affected communities. Medical care of 90% of the population affected, and prophylactic medication in communities with a history of leptospirosis.

Surveillance and disease control and vector control activities, especially in relation to dengue in the capital.

Improved access to safe water and sanitation

Containment of vector-borne diseases through water quality control, disease surveillance and control of outbreaks;

The permanent coordination and established working relationship between the cluster lead (Health and WASH), the MoH and the SILAIS has facilitated the activities.

The most important lesson learned is that the Health Cluster must work closely with the communities.

Continuous supply of chlorine to the communities.

Roads and bridges damaged by floods which complicate access. Vehicles used by health personnel and Ambulance are not in good conditions.

Continue with the restoration of health services in affected communities.

Disinfection and monitoring of drinking water in shelters and health centres.

Purchase and repair of equipment to fight epidemics.

Late funding for emergency.

NICARAGUA

10

ER


Habitat for Humanity: 8,500 emergency cleaning kits.

UNDP-CERF $206,938 for housing rehabilitation and reconstruction and temporary employment generation.

ACTED: food for work to repair roads in Achuapa.

Generate employment and recuperate livelihoods.

Develop social housing projects.

Housing rehabilitation and construction.

Cleaning and repair of public infrastructure.

Provide national and local authorities with technical assistance in developing sustainable human settlements.

Training and capacity-building in safe construction techniques.

Other responses to the emergency (i.e. Government, bilateral, Red Cross)

GOVERNMENT Other main achievements to date

Overall

Monitoring and follow-up of information.

Reception, storage and distribution of international aid.

Evaluation of the population at risk.

Shelter management and administration.

Care and psycho-social support. WASH

Massive water distribution. Food

The Government distributed 315 metric tons (MTs) of food for the care of approximately 50,000 people for 15 days.

The Government has implemented measures to stabilize prices of basic consumer products and applied immediate zoosanitary plans for disease prevention and rodent control in affected areas. Health

Provision of health services, with the support of donor agencies and the effort of health workers.

Inter-agency coordination for health care to the population.

The Government, through the MoH carried out the following activities: safe water distribution in shelters and communities in the immediate days after the crisis; chlorine distribution in shelters and most affected communities; hygiene and health promotion in shelters and most affected communities. Shelter

Since the beginning of the emergency, the Government has provided to affected families in shelters NFIs, i.e. comfort/kitchen/hygiene kits.

Provisioning of aid (mats, plastics, hammocks, and blankets). Early Recovery

Allocation of funds by the Government for the rehabilitation of bridges, roads and highways.

Assessments of infrastructure damages (roads, bridges and homes), in order to establish the precise requirements of rehabilitation.

Individual and joint assessment of damages in the affected areas by sector group teams.

Challenges and gaps in response

The challenge is to achieve and maintain a good coordination at cluster level, with all planned response activities. To do this, is important to maintain the coordination with SINAPRED, supporting it in its leading role.

NICARAGUA

11

Funding Analysis

The initial Flash Appeal launched on October 28had original requirements of $14,289,736. Following

the launch, the Emergency Relief Coordinator approved $2,030,597 in rapid response grants from the

CERF, as well as $30,000 as an emergency cash grant (ECG) for relief items and logistical support.

The revised Flash Appeal seeks revised requirements of $14,840,854 to continue to support the most

vulnerable people.

To date, 28% of the Flash Appeal’s revised requirements have been covered. However, there are

significant imbalances between clusters, and also between donors. This is hampering key

humanitarian assistance operations being implemented by the humanitarian network and the

Government of Nicaragua. As of this revision, CERF grants represented 48% of total funding for the

Appeal. Additionally, the Government of Nicaragua has received donations of cash and in kind.


($) A


($) B

Funding ($) C

Unmet requirements

($) B-C

% Covered C/B

FOOD SECURITY 10,606,470 10,530,473 2,995,560 7,534,913 28%

ES 797,506 767,037 239,386 527,651 31%

ER 1,350,000 1,907,584 229,438 1,678,146 12%

HEALTH 785,760 785,760 323,105 462,655 41%

WASH 750,000 850,000 418,906 431,094 49%

Grand total: 14,289,736 14,840,854 4,206,395 10,634,459 28%

The Government, the UN and the humanitarian network are working to ensure that all urgent

humanitarian actions, ER and medium-term development programmes are synchronized to augment

Nicaragua’s resilience to future shocks. Regrettably, with 72% of the Flash Appeal’s revised

requirements unfunded and with significant imbalances in the funding provided, this strategy is under

threat, and as a consequence, the risk of continued suffering and loss of human and economic capital

still exists.

Consequences of under-funding

Food security: some 11,000 families will be left with no food assistance until the next harvest, as most of them have little or no food reserves after the massive flooding destroyed their crops, reserves and homes. This could jeopardize the lives of the most vulnerable groups or deteriorate their nutritional status, increasing the risk of becoming acutely or chronically undernourished. Failure to restart agriculture activities in affected areas will have a negative impact on the ongoing food insecurity situation.

WASH: failure to secure funding will result in a lack of safe water availability, sanitation facilities improvement and hygiene promotion in some of the most affected communities, which could cause an increase of waterborne diseases (diarrhoea and ARIs) which affect mostly children U5.

Early recovery: projects proposed are short of funding. This situation puts at risk the speedy return to normality of affected families, since this lack of funding hinders the filling of the gap between humanitarian assistance and reconstruction activities

Health: limited funding puts the most vulnerable and unattended population (children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people living with disability) at high risk.

Shelter: poor shelter management will increase level of gender-based violence (GBV). A safe and secure shelter environment will facilitate well-being, and facilitate the return to home when conditions are right.

NICARAGUA

12

3. NEEDS ANALYSIS

The main needs more than 50 days after the rains started are primarily related to food security, ER

and water and sanitation measures, with associated needs in the health and shelter.

According to the emergency food security assessment (EFSA), some 55,000 people that lost crops

and livelihoods will suffer from food scarcity during the next four to ten months, until the next harvest

will take place. Nevertheless, most households and infrastructure heavily damaged by the most

recent disasters could require up to several years to recover, thus increasing the vulnerability of the

population to new shocks.

As families begin to relocate and look for work, it is critical that their livelihoods are saved, restored

and protected. Therefore, the challenge is to re-establish agricultural activities and to search for

economic resources to fund proposals to respond with income generation opportunities during the

period of highest need from October onwards to ensure a speedy recovery and help them return to

their normal activities.

The Early Recovery Cluster plays an integral and consequential role in this revised Flash Appeal. ER

actions and activities will primarily focus on: income generation for the affected populations,

improvement, rehabilitation and construction of housing, training in safe construction techniques and

self-construction methods, basic equipment such as tools and belongings to facilitate reconstruction

and economic recovery activities. Children are returning to schools and families are returning to their

homes even though school facilities and housing infrastructure remain damaged or are in poor

conditions due to their use as shelters during the peak of the emergency. In addition, access to

populations in need is still hampered by damaged or destroyed rural roads, bridges and even primary

roads. The reverse is also true: vulnerable populations are unable to seek assistance or restore

livelihoods as a result of damaged infrastructure, the repair of which is therefore a valuable opportunity

to generate temporary employment, which will help boost the local economy.

People in affected communities still have limited access to WASH practices, thus maintaining the risk

of illnesses and outbreaks amongst the most vulnerable groups. According to the latest data from

joint assessments, a higher number of water and sanitation facilities have been damaged compared

with the initial data provided by the Government. In the low lands floods remained for several weeks

and this caused severe health problems related with water source contamination, lack of water and

sanitation facilities, worsened by the poor hygiene habits within the population. It is therefore urgent

for UN agencies and the humanitarian network to provide in the most affected communities: cleaning

and disinfection of wells in order to ensure access to safe water for human consumption; rehabilitation

and construction of latrines; promotion of adequate hygiene practices (key messages on safe water,

hand washing, excreta disposal, etc.).

Shelters still in use need to be strengthened to meet basic needs. Particular attention must be given

to strengthening the shelters’ management abilities, including their capacity to prevent GBV and to

assure conditions that guarantee protection and psycho-social rehabilitation in a timely manner

The Health Cluster has identified needs with regard to primary health care attention to the affected

people, control of outbreaks, and recovery of infrastructure in health care facilities. These priorities

are to ensure nutrition adequate stocks, while the ER of the local agriculture activities is carried out.

NICARAGUA

13

4. COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN

4.1 SCENARIOS

Although the rainy season is over, the level of Lake Managua is still at a critical level. This generates

a series of challenges related to controlling potential sources of vectors caused by stagnant water.

Diarrhoeal diseases, leptospirosis and dengue are being monitored by the MoH, through medical

brigades and medical attention in the SILAIS.

Currently, most water supply systems in rural areas continue to be treated through chlorination, while

cleaning of wells has begun in some communities. However, in the most affected communities,

further action is required, in order to ensure safe water availability on a regular basis, to provide

sanitation facilities, and to spread hygiene promotion messages.

As for the loss of crops, small scale farmers hope to get the seeds to harvest in the next season and

succeed in restoring subsistence food chain. Food insecurity in rural areas for the upcoming months

will require food assistance interventions targeting primarily the most vulnerable groups, as well as the

small farmers with the delivery of certified seeds and agricultural inputs to ensure productive

reactivation. The bad condition of roads aggravates the delivery of aid, as well as the marketing of the

agricultural production.

Most likely scenario

Rain patterns will discontinue as the country is approaching the end of the rainy season

Diminished opportunities for income-generating activities for food-insecure families who have no

food reserves left.

Core elements Effects on humanitarian needs and aid operations

Slow rehabilitation / reconstruction of damaged houses and provision of alternative shelter.

Livelihoods of the most vulnerable people have been affected, which could worsen their food security.

Losses suffered by households on food stocks, property and income and the possibility of rising food insecurity in the coming months could lead to more malnutrition problems among children U5.

An important part of the safe water sources (wells) and sanitation facilities are likely to remain in bad condition.

Stagnant water bodies left after the flood are likely to persist.

Increase burden on already overspent government budget.

Increase in food insecurity.

Population at risk of disease outbreaks of vector transmission, such as dengue, malaria and at risk for outbreaks of Leptospirosis, a disease transmitted through water contaminated by urine and feces of livestock and infected rodents and other water-borne diseases.

Disruption in the ER process and critical services.

Most vulnerable IDPs households exposed to longer- than-necessary displacement and not able to return in safety and dignity to places of origin.

Loss of livestock and seeds could impair restarting agricultural production in the 2011/12 season and this may affect food security for the next agriculture season.

NICARAGUA

14

4.2 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR HUMANITARIAN ACTION

The Flash Appeal outlined strategic objectives agreed upon by the government, UN system and the

humanitarian network, from the onset of the emergency. The strategic objectives of this revised Flash

Appeal have only changed slightly. It should be noted that the objectives for food aid and agricultural

livelihoods have been united to one objective related to food security. Furthermore, one objective has

been added with regard to strengthening of coordination capacities (objective 6).

Key indicators Target Monitoring Method

1 Objective: to reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E.

Number of women, men, girls and boys receiving emergency food rations as a percentage of planned figures.

100% Distribution lists of families receiving food assistance vs. planned figures

Quantity of food distributed, by type, as percentage of planned distribution.

100% Routine field monitoring of food distributed vs. planned figures

Number of assets created or restored by unit of measure.

At least 80%

Field verification of number of assets created or rehabilitated by type and unit of measure vs. planned figures

Key indicators Target Monitoring Method

2 Objective: prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities.

Percentage of population in the targeted communities accessing safe water, with a minimum of 20 litres per person per day.

At least 50%

Initial assessment (base line) about no. of people accessing safe water, compared with final assessment.

Percentage of population in the targeted communities using safe and adequate sanitation and hygiene facilities, through culturally appropriate and gender sensitive interventions.

At least 30%

Initial assessment (base line) about no. of families using basic sanitation and hygiene facilities with specific considerations on safety and gender, compared with final assessment.

Percentage of population in the targeted communities receives hygiene promotion messages and adopting safe hygiene practices, especially hand washing with soap.

At least 50%

List of attendance of awareness group sessions; Awareness home visits forms signed; Evidence in MoH activities record system; Awareness material delivered to the communities population

3 Objective 1: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.

Number of women in ESs, victims of gender based violence, receiving medical and legal attention during the intervention.

At least 250 women

Record drugs delivered and people served in the medical and legal intervention; Follow-up reports

Number of institutional contingency plans that respond to the problem of gender based violence within one month.

At least three contingency plans within one month

Contingency Plan finalized; Follow up and monitoring reports for the preparation of contingency plans

Number of ESs in Managua organized and physically modified for the prevention, monitoring and reporting of cases of gender based violence within one month.

Six ESs

Shelter Situation Report; Interviews with affected people in shelter; Final report

Number of People have been trained in the management of shelters (10,300 people indirectly have benefited).

100 people Support list; Training Presentations; Training Report

Number of people that have been trained in Minimum Standards for Education in Emergencies (MSEE), Chronic Crises and Early Reconstruction.

100 people Support list; Training Presentations; Training Report

NICARAGUA

15

3 Objective 1: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.

Number of People have been trained in sphere project.

100 people Support list; Training Presentations; Training Report; Monitoring and follow up

Shelters rebuilt in coordination with SINAPRED and Ministry of the Family, Youth and Children (MIFAN).

At least ten shelters

Report of coordination meetings with partners; Visit Report

Number of shelters organizing psycho-social rehabilitation and educative activities for children.

At least six shelters

List of rehabilitated children, and school reinforcement activities; Materials distributed

Number of children under-six participating in spaces of “ Amor para los más Chiquitos” in shelters and communities affected.

At least 150 children

List of participants¸ Materials delivered to children

4 Objective: ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks.

Percentage of population affected in four prioritized SILAIS enjoys health and health education.

At least 80%

Records continued medical assistance (service output) by community, municipalities and SILAIS; Report of people who attend educational talks.

Percentage of population affected in four prioritized SILAIS enjoy safe water.

At least 80%

Reporting the results of el monitoring bacteriological and chemical physicist of water samples

Percentage of SILAIS prioritized as a result of the floods have capacity for providing access to health care, monitoring and responding to outbreaks.

100%

Number of health facilities providing health care. Epidemiological surveillance, endemic channel report. Number of dwellings sprayed. Report focus controls.

5 Objective: Improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E

Number of people/families who improved their economic and social conditions as part of the emergency response.

610 families Support list

Number of municipalities, communities or neighbourhoods that improved their capacities related to the prevention, mitigation and attention to disasters.

2 municipalities Support list

At least 40% of people benefiting from the ER strategy are women.

At least 40% List of attendance of awareness group sessions

6 Objective: Strengthening the capacity of sector coordination, leadership and partnerships among humanitarian actors

Effective sector leadership by SINAPRED.

At least three coordination meetings between SINAPRED and each sector lead

Agendas, minutes of meetings, list of participants

The sector lead consolidates and coordinates effectively the sector response plan.

At least three meetings with implementing partners

Strategic cluster plan, agendas, minutes of meetings, list of participants

Participation and dialogue between humanitarian actors and Government.

At least three coordination meetings between SINAPRED and the humanitarian network

Agendas, minutes of meetings, list of participants

NICARAGUA

16

4.3 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND PRIORITIZATION OF PROJECTS

A. SELECTION

Based on the strategic objectives for humanitarian action agreed on by the humanitarian network,

comprising both the sector leaders, NGOs and the Government, the projects selected for this revised

appeal meet one or more of the following criteria related to relevance, impact and scope:

1. Projects relevant to save lives.

2. Projects that provide immediate alleviation of suffering of affected populations or ease the

transition from response to recovery phase, promoting the use of resources without duplicating

efforts among humanitarian actors.

3. Projects with an adequate scope, with relation to the timeline in which the proposed activities are

implemented and geographic coverage.

B. PRIORITIZATION

The response for the remaining five months of the Flash appeal until April 2012 focuses primarily on a

humanitarian aid dimension with the continuation of the relief efforts, but additionally and of equal

importance is the response in key ER activities. These activities are critical as they set the basis to

prevent unnecessary prolongation of humanitarian assistance, as well as laying out foundations for the

recovery of livelihoods and coping mechanisms of the affected people.

The projects presented in the revised Flash Appeal for Nicaragua, focus on the immediate provision of

vital services, such as access to safe water, livelihoods recovery, repair of damaged housing, food aid

and health, in the most affected areas in support of the Government's response. The initial response

focused on helping people and communities isolated by floods.

In order for the prioritization of projects be carried out objectively and framed to address sector gaps, a

humanitarian context analysis and an analysis of gaps related to humanitarian aid was performed.

Since the elaboration of the initial Flash Appeal, one month ago, the humanitarian context has

changed largely due to the effective response by the government, the discontinuation of the rain and

the return of many families to their homes.

It should be emphasized that although many families have returned to their homes, they still lack the

necessary conditions for decent living. Added to this, the damage to crops in the rural areas has had

a significant negative impact on food security and livelihoods. Another problem considered for

prioritization has been sanitation and water quality in the affected areas. Field assessments carried

out highlight the need to provide assistance in the WASH sector to ensure access to safe water.

Priority needs and sectors have been identified in consultation within the sectors and through a review

of available assessment data and the humanitarian response to date. Based on an updated

assessment of the situation, the humanitarian response for the next five months will be focused

accordingly to the following categorization:

A. Urgent needs: Life-saving interventions and urgent ER actions in the most affected areas

related to food insecurity exacerbated by the loss of crops or loss of livelihoods, access to

clean water and adequate sanitation.

B. Critical needs: ER and protection related actions that promote a safe and dignified life.

Projects related to the rehabilitation of housing, adequate health services, protection and

capacity-building activities in shelters.

NICARAGUA

17

4.4 LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN

Key indicators Cluster Corresponding cluster response plan objectives

1 Objective: to reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E.

Number of women, men, girls and boys receiving emergency food rations as a percentage of planned figures

Food security

To reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E

Quantity of food distributed, by type, as percentage of planned distribution

Food security


Number of assets created or restored by unit of measure

Food security


2 Objective: prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities.

Percentage of population in the targeted communities with improved access to safe water

WASH

Prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities

Percentage of population in the targeted communities with improved sanitation conditions

WASH


Percentage of population in the targeted communities receiving hygiene promotion messages

WASH


3 Objective: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.

Number of Women in ESs, victims of GBV, receiving medical and legal attention during the intervention

Shelter

To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort

Number of institutional contingency plans that respond to the problem of GBV within one month.

Shelter


Number of ESs in Managua organized and physically modified for the prevention, monitoring and reporting of cases of GBV within one month

Shelter


Number of People have been trained in the management of shelters (10,300 people indirectly have benefited)

Shelter


Number of people that have been trained in MSEE, Chronic Crises and Early Reconstruction.

Shelter


Number of People that have been trained in sphere project

Shelter


Shelters rebuilt in coordination with SINAPRED and MIFAN

Shelter


NICARAGUA

18

3 Objective: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.

Number of shelters organizing psycho-social rehabilitation and educative activities for children

Shelter


Number of children under-six participating in spaces of “Amor para los más Chiquitos” in shelters and communities affected

Shelter


4 Objective: ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks.

Percentage of population affected in four prioritized SILAIS, enjoys health and health education.

Health

Ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks

Percentage of population affected in four prioritized SILAIS, enjoy safe water

Health

Ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks

Percentage of SILAIS prioritized as a result of the floods have capacity for health care monitoring and adequate response to outbreaks

Health

Ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy health care access, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit from appropriate measures of surveillance response and control of outbreaks

5 Objective: improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E.

Number of people/families who improved their economic and social conditions as part of the emergency response.

ER

Improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E

Number of municipalities, communities or neighbourhoods that improved their capacities related to the prevention, mitigation and attention to disasters.

ER


At least 40% of people benefiting from the ER strategy are women

ER


6 Objective: strengthening the capacity of sector coordination, leadership and partnerships among humanitarian actors.

Effective sector leadership by SINAPRED All All

The sector lead consolidates and coordinates effectively the sector response plan

All All

Participation and dialogue between humanitarian actors and government

All All

NICARAGUA

19

4.5 CLUSTER/SECTOR RESPONSE PLANS

4.5.1. FOOD SECURITY

Summary of cluster response plan

Cluster lead agency WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME and FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

Cluster member organizations

RE-TE, ACTED, Welthungerhilfe, CARE, WV

Number of projects 9

Cluster objectives To reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E.

Number of beneficiaries Up to 100,000 people Funds required $10,530,473

Contact information [email protected] [email protected]

Categories and disaggregated numbers of affected population and beneficiaries Category of affected

people Number of people in need Targeted beneficiaries

female male total female male total

Affected people 51,000 49,000 100,000 51,000 49,000 100,000

Needs analysis

EFSA results show that a total of 23 municipalities in nine departments of the country are affected; the

largest number of affected population is concentrated in the departments of Leon, Chinandega, Estelí

and Managua. The evaluation team found that 94 communities were isolated due to damage to

infrastructure and total isolated population is estimated at more than 50,000 people. By the end of

October, a total of 4,445 people were living in emergency evacuation shelters. Further, damage to

crops was significant; 20% of beans and 12% of maize crops were lost and yields will be reduced by

30%. Loss of beans ascended 60% and between 22 to 35% in Managua, León and Chinandega and

losses in some municipalities was even higher. The municipality of Achuapa in León suffered 100%

loss of its rice production.

Hunger gaps in the first half of 2012 will increase in the most affected areas due to the loss of crops,

poor access to the communities and few available coping strategies. Vegetable gardening and

preparation for the next sowing period must be prioritized, in addition to access to alternative sources

of income and food. Access to irrigation facilities, seeds and inputs is necessary to increase the

availability of vegetables in the first half of the coming year. Improved availability to quality beans,

corn seeds and root crops is required in order to prepare the next sowing period. Post-harvest

conservation methods and facilities must be improved in order to mitigate risks of additional crops

losses. Immediate access to income or food may be enhanced by food distribution or food and cash

for work activities. Small cattle production should be promoted as a source of food and income.

Information on the nutritional status of children U5 and other vulnerable groups, directly and indirectly

affected, must be improved through nutritional standardized monitoring and assessment of relief and

transitions (SMART) surveys and/or nutritional assessments, in coordination with Health Ministry,

UNICEF and WHO.

Proposed strategy

In order to improve food consumption and support the re-habilitation of livelihoods the humanitarian

actors in the food security sector will coordinate with local municipal authorities, SINAPRED and

COMUPRED. NGOs, WFP and FAO will work in a complimentary and coordinated manner in order to

prevent a duplication of interventions.

mailto:[email protected]


NICARAGUA

20

Interventions will focus on:

Food assistance: general food distribution (GFD) activities will be implemented in areas directly

affected by floods and shelters for the first three months. To the extent possible, GFD will transition

into short term food-for-work/assets focusing on recovery activities, including clean-up activities and

restoration of livelihoods of the affected communities. Activities will help rehabilitate community

infrastructure and agricultural productive capacities. Further, children under-two will receive an

additional ration of fortified foods through supplementary feeding along with communication on Infant

and Young Child Feeding especially on breastfeeding and complementary feeding

ER: Activities will promote and support the re-habilitation and establishment of livelihoods in

communities that have suffered from high crop losses. Technical assistance and inputs will contribute

to recover food production, enhance seeds and food conservation capacities and re-store community

infrastructure. Preparation for the next harvest season will be prioritized.

Revised cluster objectives

Objective: to reach vulnerable groups and communities whose food and nutrition security has been adversely affected by Tropical Depression 12E.

Outcomes Indicator Activities

Improved food consumption over assistance period for target emergency-affected households

Number of women, men, girls and boys receiving emergency food rations as a percentage of planned figures.

Quantity of food distributed, by type, as percentage of planned distribution

GFD, supplementary feeding and food-for-work

Improved household food security by strengthening the livelihoods of small scale farmers

Number of assets created or restored by unit of measure

Distribution of agricultural inputs and provision of technical assistance.

Table of proposed coverage per site

SITE / AREA ORGANIZATIONS

Managua Department PMA, FAO, RE-TE, WV

Chinandega Department PMA, FAO, DWWH-ACTED, CARE, WV

Leon Department PMA, FAO, DWWH-ACTED, CARE, WV

Madriz Department PMA, FAO

Nueva Segovia Department PMA, FAO

Matagalpa Department PMA, FAO, CARE, DWWH-ACTED, WV

Estelí Department PMA, FAO, CARE, DWWH-ACTED, WV

NICARAGUA

21

4.5.2. WASH

Summary of cluster response plan Cluster lead agency UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND


SC, WVI, NRC, BUSF (OXFAM and CARE with other sources funds)


Cluster objectives Prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities.

Number of beneficiaries

At least 25,000 people, including:

12,000 children

7,000 women Funds required $850,000

Contact information [email protected]

Needs analysis

With the participation of SINAPRED and other governmental institutions and NGOs/INGOs, a joint

assessment was organized and carried out after the launch of the initial Flash Appeal. Updated

information about WASH affectations through several field visits and meetings with local authorities at

municipal level was collected. According to the figures obtained, a higher number of water and

sanitation facilities have been damaged compared with the initial data provided by the government; in

the most affected departments (Chinandega, Leon, Estelí and Managua) around 1,100 wells were

damaged, flooded or contaminated and around 10,800 latrines were damaged and/or flooded.

Due to the contamination of water sources and the lack of proper hygiene practices among the

population, a significant increase in the prevalence of diarrhoea and respiratory diseases has resulted.

Shelters have been deactivated in most communities and people went back to their homes.

The most relevant needs are, at community level; restore water services, treatment, storage and

distribution facilities; rehabilitation of sanitation facilities and solid waste disposals in public places;

implementing education and awareness raising activities about basic hygiene habits.

Proposed strategy

In order to ensure continues improvement of health condition, the proposed strategy consists of:

Sectoral coordination allows humanitarian WASH partners and stakeholders to ensure needs of

affected population on WASH are properly covered and remaining gaps are addressed.

Cleaning, disinfection and rehabilitation of water sources (wells) and basic rehabilitation of water

systems.

Provide means of purification, storage and handling of safe water, including instructions for proper

usage.

Rehabilitation/construction of adequate sanitation means for safe excreta disposal, including

hand- washing facilities, through culturally appropriate and gender sensitive interventions.

Promote actions and good practices for hygiene, and ensure population has access to necessary

means to practice them, with particular emphasis on soap.

Provision of WASH facilities and hygiene education in schools and other temporary learning

facilities.

Support solid waste disposals, at least in public places.


NICARAGUA

22


Objective: prevent morbidity and mortality caused by unsafe water consumption, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices in the most affected communities.


People affected by floods; accessing safe water, prioritizing the most vulnerable people (children, pregnant and breastfeeding women).

At least 50% of the population in the targeted communities improves their access to safe water in an adequate quantity (minimum 20 litres per person per day)

Cleaning, disinfection and rehabilitation of water sources (wells) and basic rehabilitation of water systems.

Provide means of purification, storage and handling of safe water, including instructions for proper usage.

Population living in the most affected communities; uses safe and appropriate sanitation and hygiene facilities and solid waste disposal.

At least 30% of the population in the targeted communities improves their sanitation conditions by accessing culturally appropriate and gender sensitive sanitation facilities. .

Rehabilitation/construction of adequate sanitation means for safe excreta disposal; support solid waste disposals, at least in public places.

Support solid waste disposals, at least in public places.

Affected communities and families receiving key hygiene messages (including hand washing, sanitation and water treatment and storage), as well as ensuring the access to appropriate means, aimed to adopt good practices and reduce high risk health hazards.

At least 50% of the population in the targeted communities receives hygiene promotion messages.

Hygiene promotion campaign in coordination with MoH, directed to promote actions and good practices.

Children at schools, temporary learning and other child friendly spaces have access to safe water, appropriate sanitation and hygiene education

100% of children having access to WASH in temporary schools and other child friendly spaces

Repair/rehabilitation of WASH services in schools and other child friendly spaces Hygiene education in schools.



Chinandega Department

Somotillo Municipality SC, BUSF (OXFAM with other source’s funds)

Villa Nueva Municipality SC, BUSF, NRC Leon Department El Sauce Municipality SC

El Jicaral Municipality SC, BUSF

Santa Rosa Peñon Municipality SC

Achuapa Municipality SC, WVI

Malpaisillo Municipality SC Estelí Department

Condega Municipality NRC Managua Department

Tipitapa Municipality NRC

El Crucero Municipality NRC

NICARAGUA

23

4.5.3. HEALTH

Summary of cluster response plan

Cluster lead agency PAN AMARICAN HEATH ORGANIZATION – WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION


PAHO - WHO


Cluster objectives

To keep functioning health services in shelters and communities affected by heavy rains and floods.

Improve access and use of safe drinking water with emphasis in shelters and health centres to reduce incidence of water-related diseases to levels below those initially found.

Contribute to the strengthening of local capacities for monitoring, early warning and response to outbreak control.

Number of beneficiaries 92,216 Funds required $785,760

Contact information Guillermo Guevara




Affected people 68,268 65,590 133,858 47,016 45,200 92,216

Needs analysis

The health sector has identified needs with regard to primary health attention to the affected people

and control of outbreaks; efforts to ensure safe water for drinking and sanitation and hygiene, recovery

of infrastructure in health care facilities and drinking water systems. These priorities are

complementary to the need of ensuring adequate nutrition while the ER of agricultural activities are

carried out, Furthermore, comprehensive health attention should be guaranteed through the

mobilization of medical brigades to the affected areas to carry out promotion and prevention activities

in community health.

Populations affected by the floods are located in areas of high poverty, which increases the risk of

outbreak of disease. To ensure comprehensive care to the populations affected, response actions

should be cross-sector and inter-institutional, represented by the sectors of health, education,

environment, agriculture and the organized community.

The specific needs identified are:

Ensure the quality of water for human consumption as a consequence of the damage in many mini

aqueducts in rural communities of the affected SILAIS.

The containment of outbreaks of dengue since the conditions are conducive to the proliferation of

the vector is a challenge.

The mobilization of health personnel to provide health services in the communities.

Proposed strategy

Strategy to bring health services to the most vulnerable are through visits of the integrated health

brigades in communities, which provides medical care and training to villagers. The rapid response

brigades would be mobilized in case of outbreaks of disease. They will furthermore train villagers in

the use of chlorine to ensure safe water for human consumption.

NICARAGUA

24

Revised sector objective

Objective: ensure that the population affected by floods in the four prioritized SILAIS enjoy health care, hygiene education, consume safe water with appropriate service and benefit

from appropriate measures of surveillance and control of outbreaks.


8,000 people receiving improved health care and education; health services guaranteed.

At least 80% of the population affected in four prioritized SILAIS enjoys health and health education.

Health brigades working in response to the population prioritized in the four SILAIS

With the brigades of health educating the population in hygiene and sanitation.

8,000 have water service, such as continuity, quantity and quality. 8,000 people make proper use of water service, such as efficiency and hygienic behaviour. Minor incidence of water-related diseases.

At least 80% of the population affected in four prioritized SILAIS enjoy safe water with a minimum quantity of 20 litres per person per day

Health workers in the centres and health posts deliver training in the proper use of chlorine to families affected in the four SILAIS

Health workers inform population of how to apply hygiene measures

Health personnel monitors water quality and supports people in the use of chlorine and the implementation of better hygiene practices

The SILAIS worst affected by the intense rains, have basic capability to respond to outbreak control and surveillance. 100% of SILAIS most affected by intense rains initiated alert and response actions for outbreak control in the first 48 hours.

100% of the SILAIS prioritized as a result of the floods have capacity for monitoring and responding to outbreaks

Organize community surveillance for the active pursuit of suspected cases and their referral to care centres

Mobilization of rapid response teams for outbreak control

Acquisition of equipment and supplies for entomological surveillance and vector control.


SILAIS León, 820 Km2 MoH

SILAIS Chinandega 686 Km2 MoH

SILAIS Estelí 2,229 Km2 MoH

SILAIS Managua 289 Km2 MoH

NICARAGUA

25

4.5.4. SHELTER

Summary of cluster response plan Cluster lead agency INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION


UNFPA, UNICEF, WV, BUSF


Cluster objectives To improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.

Number of beneficiaries 4,500 people (900 families) Funds required $767,037





IDPs 3,500 1,000 4,500 3,500 1,000 4,500

Needs analysis

With the flooding, due to the rains of the Tropical Depression 12E, affected people have been

relocated to ESs as strengthening the shelters’ management abilities, including their capacity to

prevent GBV and protect children.

Based on current and past experiences in active shelters, the need to assure that conditions that

guarantee children’s and adolescents protection and psycho-social rehabilitation in a timely manner in

order to avoid situations that threatens their rights or have adverse impact in their mental and physical

health in the present and future have been identified. The risks of psycho-social stress, SGBV and

GBV, physical violence and abuse and separation of their families are latent.

GBV is a social problem that is aggravated during emergencies. The protection of women and

children during emergencies requires a holistic response against violence, including, the determination

of the zones and factors that facilitate GBV, the establishment of participative management systems

that guarantee the protection and increased access of victims of GBV to medical and psychological

attention.

Need to train community leaders, officers of MIFAN and Teachers in management of shelter in

emergencies and MSEE,

Proposed strategy

The number of active shelters has declined to 12 shelters with approximately 900 families. The cluster

will support families who are in shelters and families living in solidarity families in some departments.

Shelter sector has made few changes. The UNFPA project has not being changed. Bomberos

Unidos Sin Fronteras (Firemen without Borders/BUSF) cut cost and made changes to activities related

to training. IOM expanded its activities with child protection and included UNICEF as a counterpart.

WV has only made changes in its objectives that are related to protection of children. In conclusion,

the main objective of the sector is: Strengthening the shelters’ management abilities, including their

capacity to prevent GBV and protection of children.


NICARAGUA

26


Objective: to improve living conditions for evacuated families temporarily residing in shelters, and guarantee their dignity and provide better comfort.


Nicaraguan authorities will gain a better understanding for the needs of IDPs during displacement.

The harmonization of conditions will improve the quality of the IDPs stay in the shelters.

Coordination mechanisms and shelter management strengthened at national and local levels.

Number of women in ESs, victims of GBV, receiving medical and legal attention during the intervention.

Number of institutional contingency plans that respond to the problem of GBV within one month.

Number of ESs in Managua organized and physically modified for the prevention, monitoring and reporting of cases of GBV within one month.

Number of people who have been trained in shelter management (10,300 people indirectly have benefited).

Number of people who have been trained in MSEE, Chronic Crises and Early Reconstruction.

Number of people who have been trained in sphere project.

Shelters rebuilt in coordination with SINAPRED and MIFAN.

Number of shelters organizing psycho-social rehabilitation and educative activities for children.

Number of children under-six participating in spaces of Amor para los más Chiquitos in shelters and communities affected.

In coordination with SINAPRED, Municipal Authorities, COMUPRED, UN partner agencies and NGOs, establish coverage for mainly affected areas, select priority locations and respond to primary needs.

Complete assessment of needs and beneficiaries in selected locations/areas including the analysis of situations and risks for GBV

Evaluate preliminary impact and further needs at the end of an initial three-month period.

Complete an architectural assessment of the shelters and establish a rebuilding and rehabilitation action plan.

Induction workshops in coordination with SINAPRED for shelter managers including training of Shelter Committees to establish participative management systems for the prevention, monitoring and reporting of cases of GBV.

Analysis of situations and risks for GBV in shelters and modification of the physical space of the shelters to reduce opportunities for violence.

Modification of the physical space of the shelters to reduce opportunities for violence.

Revision of contingency plans of participating institutions to assure fair and common standards of protection and assistance for victims of GBV.

NICARAGUA

27


Training promoters (provision educative materials), teachers and other communitarian leaders to provide protection, rehabilitation psycho-social and safe spaces for learning to children and adolescents.

Monitoring and evaluation.



Nueva Segovia BUSF

Madriz BUSF

Estelí BUSF

Chinandega IOM Leon WVI, BUSF

Managua IOM, UNFPA, WVI, BUSF

Masaya WVI

Jinotega BUSF

Matagalpa BUSF

NICARAGUA

28

4.5.5. ER

Summary of cluster response plan Sector lead agency UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

Sector member organizations

SINAPRED, Habitat for Humanity, German Agro-Action, WV and UN-HABITAT


Sector objectives Improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E.

Number of beneficiaries

At least 3,445 people, including:

1,722 children

800 women Funds required $1,907,584


Needs analysis

SINAPRED and other governmental institutions and NGO/INGOs organized and carried out a joint

assessment after the launch of the initial Flash Appeal. According to official figures 133,858 people

were affected nationwide. 10,812 were the total number of houses affected by the Tropical

Depression 12E (12,275 families). Some 8,924 homes are flooded, 318 in high-risk sites, 335

completely destroyed and 1,235 partially destroyed.

The most relevant needs are, at community level: as urgent need to recover their capacities to

effectively mitigate the negative impact of said disaster is required; rehabilitation, repair and/or rebuild,

houses; implementing education and awareness raising activities about response to natural disasters

more effectively.

Proposed strategy

In order to improve living condition, the proposed strategy consists of:

Promote emergency cash and food for work programme (and social services). Work will

include repair and rehabilitation of water systems, roads, schools, health centres and

household considering.

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and provision of materials and tools for infrastructure

rehabilitation.

Strengthened capacities of local authorities and people to respond to natural disasters more

effectively.


NICARAGUA

29

Revised Sector objectives

Objective: improved living condition in social, economic and physical terms of 610 families that were affected by the Tropical Depression 12E.


1. Contribute to generate incomes, under Cash for Work mechanisms, during the housing rehabilitation and construction process and the cleaning and repair of public infrastructure.

At the end of the programme, 1,700 men and women have benefited from the Cash for Work scheme.

610 (Estelí and Chinandega) families who have suffered damage to their houses benefit from improvement project and housing construction.

Establish coordination and delimit functions between the different strategic partners.

Select beneficiaries and elaborate the work distribution plan under the Cash for Work scheme

Support the debris removal process, cleaning and waste disposal, rehabilitation and reconstructions of public infrastructure through Cash for Work scheme.

Train at least two people per family in housing self-construction techniques; actions will be coordinated with the Instituto Nacional Tecnológico (National Technological Institute/INATEC) in order to facilitate instructors and training materials.

Provide tool kits, relief and livelihood materials to facilitate the economic reactivation process.

Improve the infrastructure of 415 houses (478 families).

Build 115 new houses (132 families).

2. Strengthened capacities of local authorities and people to respond to natural disasters more effectively.

Number of sites identified as safe for the establishment of sustainable human settlements.

Number of local authorities and committees involved in prevention, mitigation and attention to disasters. At least 15 developed workshops.

Develop analysis of sites in order to select safe settlement locations, in coordination with SINAPRED, Institute for Urban and Rural Housing (INVUR), municipalities and affected local communities.

Provide risk management workshops and strengthen the committees of the districts for the prevention, mitigation and attention to disasters.


SITE / AREA ORGANIZATIONS Chinandega Dept. Estelí Dept.

NICARAGUA

30

4.6 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The national response is led by the SINAPRED in close collaborates with its stakeholders. The

system articulates that during emergencies the State Sectors and Institutions, with the support of the

Operation Department in charge of the Emergency Operation Center are active. At sub-national level,

there are COMUPRED Commissions in all departments, and most of the municipalities.

From the Government side, the response is organized in Sector working Commissions:

Sector Work Commission Government Leaders

Supplies Commission Ministry of Family (MIFAM)

Health Commission Sub Commission of water and sanitation

Ministry of Health (MoH) Nicaraguan Aqueduct and Sewers Company (ENACAL)

Special Operations Commission Nicaragua Army (Civil Defense)

Security Commission Ministry of Government

Infrastructure Commission Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (MTI)

Education and Information Commission Ministry of Education and Culture

Natural Phenomena Commission Nicaraguan Institute for Territorial studies (INETER)

Environment Commission Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources (MARENA)

Consumer Protection Commission Ministry of Finance, Industry and Commerce (MIFIC)

This arrangement partially overlaps with the clusters promoted by the Humanitarian Country Team

(HCT) lead by the UN and described below, which will be in charge of the proposed strategy. The

activated cluster commissions are:

Cluster Cluster lead Relevant governmental

institution

Other humanitarian stakeholders

Food Security FAO Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

ACTED, ACH, Lutheran Federation, and Welthungerhilfe.

Food Assistance

WFP SINAPRED

Collective Centres/ES

IOM MIFAM WV, ADRA, NRC, SC

Health WHO/PAHO MoH WV, RE-TE, NRC WASH UNICEF ENACAL CARE, NRC, ACH, ASB, WV,

Christian Aid, SC, Lutheran Federation, ACTED.

Housing UNDP INVUR SC, CARE, WV, Intervida

Clusters are designed to support the National System, particularly in coordinating the international

humanitarian partners’ response. Upon declaration of an emergency, most humanitarian partners

gather as a Humanitarian Network, as a first step in coordinating their response in line with the

strategic national orientation. It is the main forum for strategic and policy discussions amongst

international actors on how to support and complement the Government’s efforts to respond to the

emergency. An interagency technical group coordinated by the UN Emergency Technical Team is

also gathering sector information. An inter-agency assessment is running with participation of national

authorities and WFP and FAO.

HCT ensures that cross-cutting issues are fully incorporated into its strategic response planning and

activities. All national technical sector commissions have met and discussed priorities with

humanitarian partners in order to elaborate funding proposal and operational response.

NICARAGUA

31

ANNEX I. LIST OF PROJECTS




Project code Title Appealing agency


($)


($)

Funding

($)

Unmet requirements

($)

% Covered

COLLECTIVE CENTRES/EMERGENCY SHELTER

NIC-11/S-NF/47104/R/1171 Prevention and Attention for Gender Based Violence in the Emergency Shelters of Managua, and affected communities

UNFPA 195,131 195,131 60,000 135,131 31%

NIC-11/S-NF/47106/R/8502 Support to IDPs to go back home WVI 80,000 80,000 - 80,000 0%

NIC-11/S-NF/47107/R/298 Support for Collective shelter and NFIs IOM 420,525 420,525 179,386 241,139 43%

NIC-11/S-NF/47108/R/15065 Management Shelter BUSF 101,850 71,381 - 71,381 0%

Sub total for COLLECTIVE CENTRES/EMERGENCY SHELTER 797,506 767,037 239,386 527,651 31%

EARLY RECOVERY

NIC-11/ER/47109/R/776 Generation of employment, rehabilitation and construction of housing

UNDP 1,350,000 1,900,000 229,438 1,670,562 12%

NIC-11/S/49055/R/5139 Security Support, Security Risk Assessment in each Field Environment of the CAP Projects.

UNDSS - 7,584 - 7,584 0%

Sub total for EARLY RECOVERY 1,350,000 1,907,584 229,438 1,678,146 12%

FOOD SECURITY

NIC-11/A/47096/R/123

Immediate assistance to prevent food losses, re-establish food production and the livelihoods of the vulnerable farmers affected by Tropical Depression 12E in 26 municipalities of 7 departments in Nicaragua

FAO 1,700,000 1,700,363 370,862 1,329,501 22%

NIC-11/A/48936/R/15327 Re-establish food production and livelihoods of the vulnerable farmers affected by Tropical Depression 12E in the the municipality of San Francisco Libre

RE.TE. - 76,796 - 76,796 0%

NIC-11/A/48942/R/5006

Recovering of food production systems through crop and vegetable production, irrigation systems, post-harvest facilities and immediate access to food in four municipalities of León and Estelí departments in Nicaragua.

DWHH - 571,217 - 571,217 0%

NIC-11/A/48943/R/8502 Rehabilitation of family plots where basic grains and vegetables are cultivated.

WVI - 419,440 - 419,440 0%

NIC-11/A/48944/R/5645 Early rehabilitation of livelihoods of families living in communities affected by the effects of Tropical Depression 12-E

CARE International

- 320,000 - 320,000 0%

NIC-11/A/48947/R/8502 Implementation of irrigation systems for 392 families WVI - 125,832 - 125,832 0%

NIC-11/F/47095/R/561 Emergency food assistance to families affected by Tropical Depression 12E

WFP 8,906,470 6,781,966 2,624,698 4,157,268 39%


http://ops.unocha.org/reports/publicreports.aspx?appealid=964&rtype=APS&Projectcode=NIC-11/S-NF/47104/R/1171




http://ops.unocha.org/reports/publicreports.aspx?appealid=964&rtype=APS&Projectcode=NIC-11/ER/47109/R/776

http://ops.unocha.org/reports/publicreports.aspx?appealid=964&rtype=APS&Projectcode=NIC-11/S/49055/R/5139

http://ops.unocha.org/reports/publicreports.aspx?appealid=964&rtype=APS&Projectcode=NIC-11/A/47096/R/123






http://ops.unocha.org/reports/publicreports.aspx?appealid=964&rtype=APS&Projectcode=NIC-11/F/47095/R/561

NICARAGUA

32

Project code Title Appealing agency


($)


($)

Funding

($)

Unmet requirements

($)

% Covered

NIC-11/H/48945/R/8502 Nutritional diagnosis in children under 5 years old living in 13 municipalities affected by intensive rains.

WVI - 70,616 - 70,616 0%

NIC-11/H/48946/R/8502 4 months of food-for-work activities carried out by parents of children suffering from moderate and severe malnutrition

WVI - 464,243 - 464,243 0%

Sub total for FOOD SECURITY 10,606,470 10,530,473 2,995,560 7,534,913 28%

HEALTH

NIC-11/H/47100/5497 Re-establishing health services in community and shelters PAHO (WHO) 300,000 300,000 72,024 227,976 24%

NIC-11/H/47101/5497 Disinfection and drinking water surveillance in shelters and health centres

PAHO (WHO) 96,271 96,271 74,806 21,465 78%

NIC-11/H/47102/5497 Disease surveillance and vector control activities PAHO (WHO) 328,499 328,499 115,307 213,192 35%

NIC-11/H/47103/R/124 Avoid acute malnutrition in children, pregnant and breastfeeding women in affected communities

UNICEF 60,990 60,990 60,968 22 100%

Sub total for HEALTH 785,760 785,760 323,105 462,655 41%

WASH

NIC-11/WS/47097/R/124 Cleaning and rehabilitation of water sources, provision of safe and gender-appropriate sanitation facilities and solid waste disposals in affected communities.

UNICEF 300,000 300,000 197,800 102,200 66%

NIC-11/WS/47098/R/8502 Provide safe water storage and sanitation facilitues to affected communities and promotion of critical hygiene information.

WVI 200,000 200,000 - 200,000 0%

NIC-11/WS/47099/R/6079 Access to safe and quality water and sanitation facilities in affected schools and communities

SC 250,000 250,000 221,106 28,894 88%

NIC-11/WS/48909/R/8502 Cleaning and rehabilitation of water sources, provision of sanitation facilities and hygiene promotion to families in affected communities.

WVI - 100,000 - 100,000 0%

Sub total for WASH 750,000 850,000 418,906 431,094 49%

Grand Total 14,289,736 14,840,854 4,206,395 10,634,459 28%






http://ops.unocha.org/reports/publicreports.aspx?appealid=964&rtype=APS&Projectcode=NIC-11/H/48945/R/8502


http://ops.unocha.org/reports/publicreports.aspx?appealid=964&rtype=APS&Projectcode=NIC-11/H/47100/5497




http://ops.unocha.org/reports/publicreports.aspx?appealid=964&rtype=APS&Projectcode=NIC-11/WS/47097/R/124





NICARAGUA

33

TABLE IV: TOTAL FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR TO PROJECTS LISTED IN THE APPEAL




Donor Funding % of Grand Total

Uncommitted pledges

($) ($)

Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) 2,030,597 48% -

Brazil 606,959 14% -

Australia 451,671 11% -

Spain 368,606 9% -

Allocation of unearmarked funds by UN agencies 251,256 6% -

Canada 221,106 5% -

Italy 129,224 3% -

Luxembourg 123,305 3% -

Chile 22,500 1% -

Nicaragua 1,171 0% -

Grand Total 4,206,395 100% -








NICARAGUA

34

TABLE V: TOTAL HUMANITARIAN FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR (APPEAL PLUS OTHER)*

Central America Floods – October 2011 ** as of 13 December 2011



Donor Funding** % of Grand Total

Uncommitted pledges

($) ($)


European Commission 5,657,708 22% -

Spain 2,527,827 10% -

Canada 1,760,419 7% -

Brazil 1,300,555 5% -

United States 1,095,034 4% -

Private (individuals & organisations) 950,000 4% -

Australia 903,342 4% -

Allocation of funds from Red Cross / Red Crescent 710,631 3% -


Finland 565,771 2% -

Korea, Republic of 500,000 2% -

Japan 468,831 2% -

Italy 360,117 1% -

Allocation of unearmarked funds by UN agencies 251,256 1% -

Allocation of unearmarked funds by IGOs 200,000 1% -

France 145,219 1% -

Sweden 138,365 1% -

Germany 122,783 0% -

Argentina 28,938 0% -

Chile 22,500 0% -

Nicaragua 1,171 0% -

Cuba - 0% -

Ecuador - 0% -

Iran, Islamic Republic of - 0% -

Mexico - 0% -

Russian Federation - 0% -

Venezuela - 0% -

Grand Total 25,175,894 100% -


Zeros in both the funding and uncommitted pledges columns indicate that no value has been reported for in-kind contributions.




* Includes contributions to the Consolidated Appeal and additional contributions outside of the Consolidated Appeal Process

(bilateral, Red Cross, etc.) ** This table includes: 1) regional funding for this disaster, 2) specific contributions for Honduras and Costa Rica, and 3) contributions

both inside and outside the framework of the Flash Appeals for Nicaragua and El Salvador.




NICARAGUA

35

TABLE VI: HUMANITARIAN FUNDING TO DATE PER DONOR TO PROJECTS NOT LISTED IN THE APPEAL

Other Humanitarian Funding to Central America Floods – October 2011 * as of 13 December 2011



Donor Funding % of Grand Total

Uncommitted pledges

($) ($)

European Commission 5,657,708 35% -


Spain 1,695,117 11% -

Canada 1,152,788 7% -

United States 1,095,034 7% -

Private (individuals & organisations) 950,000 6% -

Allocation of funds from Red Cross / Red Crescent 710,631 4% -

Korea, Republic of 500,000 3% -

Japan 468,831 3% -


Allocation of unearmarked funds by IGOs 200,000 1% -

France 145,219 1% -

Sweden 138,365 1% -

Italy 136,426 1% -

Germany 122,783 1% -

Brazil 50,000 0% -

Argentina 28,938 0% -

Cuba - 0% -

Ecuador - 0% -

Iran, Islamic Republic of - 0% -

Mexico - 0% -

Russian Federation - 0% -

Venezuela - 0% -

Grand Total 16,095,980 100% -


This table also includes funding to Appeal projects but in surplus to these projects' requirements as stated in the Appeal. Zeros in both the funding and uncommitted pledges columns indicate that no value has been reported for in-kind contributions.




* This table includes: 1) regional funding for this disaster, 2) specific contributions for Honduras and Costa Rica, and 3) contributions for Nicaragua and El Salvador outside the framework of the Flash Appeals




NICARAGUA

36

ANNEX II. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ACH Accion Contre el Hambre (Action Against Hunger)

ACTED Agence d'Aide à la Coopération Technique Et au Développement (Agency for

Technical Cooperation and Development

ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency

ARI acute respiratory infection ASB Arbeiter Samariter Bund (German Medical Aid Organisation) BUSF Bomberos Unidos Sin Fronteras (Firemen without Borders) CAP Consolidated Appeal Process CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere

CERF Central Emergency Response Fund

CHAP common humanitarian action plan

COMUPRED Comité Municipal para la Prevención, Mitigación y Atención de Desastres (Municipal Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and

Mitigation)

DRR Disaster risk reduction

ECG emergency cash grant

ECHO European Commission Humanitarian Office EFSA emergency food security assessment

ENACAL Nicaraguan Aqueduct and Sewers Company

ER early recovery

ESs emergency shelter

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FTS Financial Tracking Service

GBV gender-based violence

GFD General Food Distribution

HC Humanitarian Coordinator

HEMCO Hemco is company dedicated to mining exploration and exploitation

IDP internally displaced persons

INETER National Institute for Territorial Studies

INGO international non-governmental organizations

INVUR Institute for Urban and Rural Housing

IOM International Organization for Migration

INATEC Instituto Nacional Tecnológico (National Technological Institute)

MAGFOR Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

MARENA Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources

MIFAM Ministry of the Family

MIFAN Ministry of the Family, Youth and Children

MIFIC Ministry of Finance, Industry and Commerce

MoH Ministry of Health

MSEE Minimum Standards for Education in Emergencies

MT metric ton

MTI Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure

NFI non-food item

NGO non-governmental organization

NRCS Nicaraguan Red Cross Society

OXFAM Oxford Committee for Famine Relief

NICARAGUA

37

PAHO Pan-American Health Organization

RE-TE Associazione di tecnici per la solidarietà e la cooperazione internazionale

SC Save the Children

SILAIS Sistemas Locales de Atención Integral de Salud (Local Systems for

Comprehensive Healthcare)

SINAPRED National System for Attention, Mitigation and Prevention of Disasters SMART standardized monitoring and assessment of relief and transitions

U5 under-five

UN United Nations

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

UNS United Nations System WASH water, sanitation and hygiene

WFP World Food Programme

WHO World Health Organization

WV World Vision

WVI World Vision International

Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP)

The CAP is a tool for aid organizations to jointly plan, coordinate, implement and monitor their

response to disasters and emergencies, and to appeal for funds together instead of competitively.

It is the forum for developing a strategic approach to humanitarian action, focusing on close

cooperation between host governments, donors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Organization for Migration (IOM),

and United Nations agencies. As such, it presents a snapshot of the situation and response plans,

and is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of:

Strategic planning leading to a common humanitarian action plan (CHAP).

Resource mobilization leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal.

Coordinated programme implementation.

Joint monitoring and evaluation.

Revision, if necessary.

Reporting on results.

The CHAP is the core of the CAP – a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or

region, including the following elements:

A common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place.

An assessment of needs.

Best, worst, and most likely scenarios.

A clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals.

Prioritised response plans, including a detailed mapping of projects to cover all needs.

A framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary.

The CHAP is the core of a Consolidated Appeal or, when crises break out or natural disasters

strike, a Flash Appeal. Under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator (HC), and in

consultation with host Governments and donors, the CHAP is developed at the field level by the

HCT. This team includes Inter-Agency Standing C

ommittee (IASC) members and standing invitees (UN agencies, the International Organization for

Migration, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and NGOs that belong to

International Council of Voluntary Agencies, Interaction, or Steering Committee for Humanitarian

Response, but non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can also be included.

The HC is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal document. The

document is launched globally near the end of each year to enhance advocacy and resource

mobilization. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is presented to donors the following July.

Donors generally fund appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals listed in appeals.

The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the UN Office for the Coordination of

Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of appeal funding needs and worldwide donor

contributions, and can be found on www.reliefweb.int/fts.

In sum, the CAP is how aid agencies join forces to provide people in need the best available

protection and assistance, on time.

http://www.reliefweb.int/

OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA)

UNITED NATIONS PALAIS DES NATIONS

NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 1211 GENEVA 10 USA SWITZERLAND

foto roger alonzo efectos de baja presion · after tropical depression 12e struck nicaragua; more...

Documents