Chapter 1 - An Introduction to Chapter 1 - An Introduction to Financial ManagementFinancial Management

Goal of the FirmGoal of the Firm

1) Profit Maximization?1) Profit Maximization?

this goal ignores:this goal ignores:

a) TIMING of Returnsa) TIMING of Returns(Time Value of Money - Ch. 5)(Time Value of Money - Ch. 5)

b) UNCERTAINTY of Returnsb) UNCERTAINTY of Returns(Risk - Ch. 6)(Risk - Ch. 6)

Goal of the FirmGoal of the Firm

2) Shareholder Wealth 2) Shareholder Wealth Maximization?Maximization?

this is the same as:this is the same as:

a) Maximizing Firm Valuea) Maximizing Firm Value

b) Maximizing Stock Priceb) Maximizing Stock Price

Legal Forms of BusinessLegal Forms of Business

1) Sole Proprietorship1) Sole Proprietorship A business owned by a single individual.A business owned by a single individual. Owner maintains title to the firm’s assets.Owner maintains title to the firm’s assets. Owner has unlimited liability.Owner has unlimited liability.

2) Partnership2) Partnership Similar to a sole proprietorship, except Similar to a sole proprietorship, except

that there are two or more owners.that there are two or more owners.

2a) General Partnership2a) General Partnership All partners have unlimited liability.All partners have unlimited liability.

2b) Limited Partnership2b) Limited Partnership Consists of one or more general partners, Consists of one or more general partners,

who have unlimited liability.who have unlimited liability. One or more limited partners (investors) One or more limited partners (investors)

whose liability is limited to the amount of whose liability is limited to the amount of their investment in the business.their investment in the business.

Legal Forms of BusinessLegal Forms of Business

2c) Limited Liability Company 2c) Limited Liability Company (LLC)(LLC)

Cross between a partnership and a Cross between a partnership and a corporation.corporation.

Owners have limited liability, but the Owners have limited liability, but the firm runs and is taxed like a firm runs and is taxed like a partnership.partnership.

Legal Forms of BusinessLegal Forms of Business

3) Corporation3) Corporation A business entity that legally functions A business entity that legally functions

separate and apart from its owners.separate and apart from its owners. Owners’ liability is limited to the amount Owners’ liability is limited to the amount

of their investment in the firm.of their investment in the firm. Owners hold common stock certificates, Owners hold common stock certificates,

and ownership can be transferred by and ownership can be transferred by selling the certificates.selling the certificates.

Legal Forms of BusinessLegal Forms of Business

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Corporation

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Corporation Investors

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Government

Corporation Investors

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

cash

Government

Corporation Investors

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

cash

Government

securities

Corporation Investors

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Government

cash

securities

Corporation Investors

Secondarymarkets

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Government

cash

securities

Corporation Investors

Secondarymarkets

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Government

cash

securities

Corporation Investors

Secondarymarkets

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

cash Investors

Secondarymarkets

Government

securities

Cash flow

Corporation

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

cash Investors

Secondarymarkets

Government

securities

Cash flow

tax

Corporation

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

cash Investors

Secondarymarkets

Government

securities

Cash flow

reinvest

tax

Corporation

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

cash Investors

Secondarymarkets

Government

securities

Cash flow

reinvest

tax

Corporation

dividends,etc.

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Primary MarketPrimary Market

Primary MarketPrimary Market Market in which new issues of a Market in which new issues of a

security are sold to initial security are sold to initial buyers.buyers.

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Primary MarketPrimary Market Market in which new issues of a Market in which new issues of a

security are sold to initial security are sold to initial buyers.buyers.

Secondary MarketSecondary Market

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Primary MarketPrimary Market Market in which new issues of a Market in which new issues of a

security are sold to initial security are sold to initial buyers.buyers.

Secondary MarketSecondary Market Market in which previously Market in which previously

issued securities are traded.issued securities are traded.

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Initial Public Offering (IPO)Initial Public Offering (IPO)

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Initial Public Offering (IPO)Initial Public Offering (IPO) The first time the firm’s stock is The first time the firm’s stock is

sold to the general public.sold to the general public.

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Initial Public Offering (IPO)Initial Public Offering (IPO) The first time the firm’s stock is The first time the firm’s stock is

sold to the general public.sold to the general public.

Seasoned New IssueSeasoned New Issue

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Initial Public Offering (IPO)Initial Public Offering (IPO) The first time the firm’s stock is The first time the firm’s stock is

sold to the general public.sold to the general public.

Seasoned New IssueSeasoned New Issue A new stock offering by a firm A new stock offering by a firm

that already has stock that is that already has stock that is traded in the secondary market.traded in the secondary market.

The Corporation and The Corporation and Financial MarketsFinancial Markets

Financial Management AxiomsFinancial Management Axioms1) Risk - return trade-off.1) Risk - return trade-off.2) Time value of money.2) Time value of money.3) Cash - not profits - is king.3) Cash - not profits - is king.4) Incremental cash flows count.4) Incremental cash flows count.5) The curse of competitive markets.5) The curse of competitive markets.6) Efficient capital markets.6) Efficient capital markets.7) The agency problem.7) The agency problem.8) Taxes bias business decisions.8) Taxes bias business decisions.9) All risk is not equal.9) All risk is not equal.10) Ethical dilemmas are everywhere in 10) Ethical dilemmas are everywhere in

finance.finance.