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Contribute new knowledge

of the brain to better

understanding of young

drivers?Trafikskyddsbranschens 35.

forskarseminarium Helsingfors 20.5.2010

Dagfinn MoeSenior Research Scientist

SINTEF NORWAY

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His brain is not fully developed, yet.By age 6 the brain has 95 % of max size.

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? ?

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BILKJØRING OG RISIKOHOLDNINGER

Bilførere r-holdning: Hvor fort de har kjørt i en 80/90-sone - N=611

0 %

5 %

10 %

15 %

20 %

25 %

30 %

35 %

40 %

45 %

50 %

55 %

60 %

65 %

70 %

75 %

Opptil 120 km/t 121-140 km/t 141-160 Km/t 161-180 km/t 181-200 km/t Over 200 km/t

Lav risikovillighet

Høy risikovillighet

HOW FAST HAVE YOU BEEN DRIVING IN NORWAY?Age group 18-19 years, N=611

Low risk group

High risk group

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What do you learn at the driving school?

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The understanding of driving behavior”inter- and multidisciplinary”

R&D Driver Behavior

•Accident analysis•Behavioral studies•Psychological testing•Surveys•Interviews

R&DBrain and Behavior•Neurobiology•Maturation- development•Learning-memory systems•Decision making•Emotions- stressfMRI-neuroimaging

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functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

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BAC:1,9 BAC: 1,4

fMRI-group in Bergen 2008The effect of alcohol on working memory

(Gundersen, Grüner, Specht and Hugdahl-2008)

Sober BAC: 0,8

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AuditoryVestibular

Vision

Sensory:body controlspatial skills, associations

CerebellumCoordination

”CEO”Chief Executive Officer

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Teknologi og samfunn

Prof. Jay Giedd

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Gray matter and white matter

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Maturation and development of white matter

(Luna-2010)

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SYNAPSEThe communication gap between nervecells

”Electrochemical process”

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Neurodevelopmental processes, cortical synapse density, and their

relationship to gray and white matter volumes on MRI. Giedd et al.

1999, Sowell et al. 1999.

Pu

ber

ty

Bir

th

18 years1 year20 weeks

Rel

ati

ve

Volu

me/

Den

sity

10 years

Neurogenesis

Synaptogenesis

Dendritic and Axonal Development/Remodeling

Myelination

Synaptic Elimination

Synapses

White MatterWhite Matter

Gray Matter

Migration

B

I

R

T

H

P

U

B

E

R

T

Y

Synapses

Gray matter

White matter

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Building ”superhighways”(wiring by firing)

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Maturationand

learning

Gogtay, Giedd, et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA

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Ta av deg skorna

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Prof. Jay Giedd

So if a teen is doing music, sports or academics, those are the cells

and connections that will be hard-wired.

If they are lying on the couch or playing video games or MTV,

those are the cells and connections that will survive.

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Alex Ferguson to the SUN 19. October 2008 (after win over WB 4-0)

“Rooney, who will be 23 on Friday, has always scored his goals in bursts, but will always put in 90 minutes

workrate for the good of the whole team”.

And Ferguson believes as the strike star matures, he will combine the two to even greater effect to become the

complete all-round player and scorer supreme.

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Road

conditionsTraffic

situation

Vehicle

Sociology Psychology

Human Factors

Neurobiology

Inter-aktion

”The truth about the accident” (What – How – Why)

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Four young people (4) were killed and one (1) seriously injured in

a head on accident between a Golf 1990 model and a heavy vehicle.

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Important biological,developmental and neurobehavioralfactors relevant to adolescent driving risk(Luna-2004, Ladoceure-2004, Ernst-2005, Galvan-2006, Dahl-2008)

Immature voluntarily cognitivecontrol of eye movements

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Immature and reduced capacity to fast automatic

error and action monitoring (Anterior cingulate cortex)

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THE LIMBIC SYSTEM – EMOTIONAL CENTER”heaven and hell”

Memory

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Combat betweenemotions and cognitive control

•More activity in left amygdala•Enhanced response to rewards (dopamin)

•Reduced activity in areas of the frontal cortex

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Sexualmaturation

Remodelingoxytocin-friends

Remodelingreward system

(dopamine)

A social neuoroscience perspectiveon adolescent risk-taking

(L. Steinberg, Temple University, Philadelphia-2008)

Cognitive control functions”prefrontal cortex”

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Behavior

•What kind of action?

• How was the performance?

Planning

•What was the plan?

• What was the premises?

• State of mind

Consequences

•What happened as a result of your

behavior?

(negative / positive)

Decision-making?

How to become a skilled driver?

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Prevention strategies

may focus on human emotional, social and moral development

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