Final Final ReviewReview

8th grade Band 4th quarter

Time Signature

Indicates the of beats per measure.

In 4/4 time:A quarter note receives: 1 beat

An dotted quarter note receives: 1 1/2 beats

A half note receives: 2 beats

A dotted half note receives: 3 beats

An eighth note receives: 1/2 beat

A sixteenth note receives: 1/4 beat

An eighth note receives: 1/2 beat

In 6/8 time:A quarter note receives:

2 beats

An eighth note receives: 1 beat

A dotted quarter note receives: 3 beats

A half note receives: 4 beats

A dotted half note receives: 6 beats

A quarter rest receives: 2 beats

An eighth rest receives: 1 beat

A dotted quarter rest receives: 3 beats

Rests

WholeRest

HalfRest

QuarterRest

EighthRest

SixteenthRest

Key SignatureKey Signature

Indicates what notes are to be played sharp,

flat & natural

a , b , and n

Common TimeCommon Time

4/4 Time (The most common time signature)

Cut TimeCut Time

2/2 Time (Cuts notes values in half)

EnharmonicsEnharmonics

Notes written differently but played the same

Ritard or Rallentando Ritard or Rallentando or Allargandoor Allargando

Gradually slow down the tempo

AccelerandoAccelerando

Gradually speed up the tempo

| 12

|

Long Rest (12 measure rest)

qqq

Triplet

3The “3” is

what tells you that this is a

triplet

DynamicsDynamics

Volume. The loudness and softness of

music

Tempo

The speed of a

piece of music

Tempo Markings

Largo = slowly

Moderato = moderate or medium tempo

Allegro = quick and lively

Presto = very fast

Grave = very slowly

Listesso Listesso TempoTempo

Same Tempo

CrescendoCrescendoGradually get louder

DecrescendoDecrescendoGradually get softer

Q q

GlissandoRapidly move

chromatically from 1st note to 2nd note

hh

Trill

tr

AttackAttack

ReleasReleasee

The way a note is begun

The way a note is stopped

BalanceBalance

The adjustment of parts within a group of performers so that

all can be heard.

CantabileCantabile

To play with a singing style

DolceDolce

Sweetly

ToneTone

The quality of a sound

ChoralChoralee

A short hymn originally

intended for congregational

singing

IntonationIntonation

Whether or not your

instrument is in tune

Chromatic Chromatic ScaleScale

A scale that uses all 12

tones within an octave

Families of Instruments in the Band

Woodwinds – flute, clarinet, oboe, saxophone, English horn

Brass – cornet, trumpet, French horn, trombone, baritone, tuba, Sousaphone

Percussion – snare, bass, tom-toms, timpani, cymbals, keyboard

percussion, auxilliary

EmbouchureEmbouchure

The position of the mouth and lips when playing an instrument

WaltzWaltz

A dance in 3/4 time

Subito pianoSubito piano

To play suddenly soft

pppp Pianissimo (very soft)

pp Piano (soft)

mpmp Mezzo Piano (medium soft)

ff Forte (loud)

ffff Fortissimo (very loud)

mfmf Mezzo Forte (medium loud)

fpfp Forte Piano (loud, then suddenly soft)

sfzsfz sfortzando (strong attack)

EnsembleEnsemble

A group of musicians

(2 or more) who perform together

FanfareFanfare

A brilliant and

ceremonial opening

RangeRange

The notes playable from

lowest to highest in pitch

AccidentalsAccidentalsWritten sharps,

flats, and naturals that are not

indicated in the key signature

ComposerComposer

One who writes music

French French HornHorn

Brass

English English HornHorn

Woodwind

D.S. al fineD.S. al fineGo to the “sign” and play to fine

D.C. al fineD.C. al fineGo to the beginning

and play to fine

8va8va

Play an octave higherthan written

Major Major KeyKey

SignaturesSignatures

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V

t

C MajorC Major

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V

t

F MajorF Major

i i

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V

t

B flat B flat MajorMajor

i ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ii i

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V

t

E flat E flat MajorMajor

i ii ii i

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V t

A flat A flat MajorMajor

i ii ii iii

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V t

D flat D flat MajorMajor

i ii ii iiiii

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

V t

G flat G flat MajorMajor

i ii ii iiiiii i

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V t

C flat C flat MajorMajor

i ii ii iii

iii ii i

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V

t

G MajorG Major

##

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V

t

D MajorD Major

####

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V

t

A MajorA Major

####

# #

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V t

E MajorE Major

####

# ###

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V

t

B MajorB Major

####

# #####

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V t

F sharp MajorF sharp Major

####

# #####

##

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________V t

C sharp MajorC sharp Major

####

# #####

####

Bring a #2 pencil to the final.

Also bring something to keep you quietly

occupied in case you finish before the class

period is over.