family marriage
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FAMILY, MARRIAGE
Issues in Family and Marriage
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Conflicting Definitions of Family
1. family as a group (which performs
functions for the society)
2. family as a network of relatives (byblood, marriage, adoption) who are
mutually obligated to each other
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Text book follows a current view:
Traditional= nuclear family of residence
(where husband/father is the breadwinner,
wife/mother is stay at home, no otherrelatives living with this family)
New and non-traditional=dual earner, step
family, blended family, single parentfamily, non-married couples, same sex
couples, singlehood
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Other sociologists would object:
Need to distinguish between an ideal
family type and the empiricalfamily type
Ideal=cultural preferences specific to asociety
Empirical=the patterns that actually exist
in a society
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In addition,
Calling the nuclear family traditional is
inaccurate
Need to distinguish between the historicalsequence of family types, and,
Distinguish between the institutionaland
companionate (companionship) familytypes
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American family type19th C
family the same as household?
family the same as the marriage?
Family was male-headed
Similar to European stem-family?
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Variations In Family and Marriage
Family of Orientation (Origin)vs.
Procreation
Nuclear, Extended
Descent: patrilineal, matrilineal, bilineal
(bilateral)
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Variations: Residence
Where is the newly-married couple
expected to live?
1. Patrilocal=near grooms family
2. Matrilocal=near brides family
3. Bilocal=either brides or grooms family
4. Neo-local=neither (new, independent
household)
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Variations: Authority
Patriarchy=rule by eldest male
Matriarchy=(does this really exist for a
society, as an ideal..may be an empiricaltype)
Equalitarian authority or companionshipfamily type (companionate)
*Note: may be departures from the idealwith patriarchy or male headed
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Variations: Forms of marriage
Monogamy
Polygamy: 1. Polygyny=one man married
to a number of women
2. Polyandry=one woman
married to a number of men (extremely
rare. Husbands may be brothers)
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Variations: issues in mate
selection
Exogamy
Endogamy
Homogamy
Matching vs complementary needs
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Permanent Availability Model
always available
Source of instability
Consumer culture?
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Marriage as lifetime commitment:
Strong marriage de-emphasizes descent
issues
In era of weak marriages, descent lineemphasized
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Marriage & family in USA
Leveling off of divorce rate
Most marry at some point
2/3rds claim happy
Changes: employed mothers (dual earner
households)