extraction of dna-slides

8/13/2019 Extraction of DNA-Slides

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Extraction??

The process of obtaining something from a mixture or

compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means. Example of extraction processes commonly used:

i. Solid - liquid extraction

ii. Liquid-liquid extraction

iii. Aqueous-two phase extraction

Extraction of DNA??

~DNA Extraction is the removal of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) from the cells or viruses in which it normally resides.

~Extraction of DNA from cells and its purification are of

primary importance to the field of biotechnology and forensics.


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What it is used for??

To detect genetic disorders Produce DNA fingerprints of individuals

Create genetically engineered organisms thatcan produce beneficial products such as insulin,

antibiotics, and hormones

However.

The nuclear and the cell membranes are a tough

protective barrier, made of lipids and proteins,which need to be eliminated in order to release the

DNA.


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Lysis or break open the cell by:i. Manually chopping into small bits

ii. Add salt solution such as NaCl and a detergent

solution containing the compound SDS

(sodiumdodecyl sulfate).iii. grinding this mixture in a blender.

Filter the blended solution.

Add ethanol to the DNA filtrate - because DNA is soluble

in water. The alcohol causes DNA to precipitate.


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Onionlittle starch (allows DNA to be seen clearly)

ctivityTechnique

quick and easy

50 minutes

Kitchen products and laboratory glassware


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Solution-Water

-sodium chloride salt (NaCl)

-washing liquid

saltiness and acidity (pH)

-very close to that in living things)

-DNA will like to dissolve


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To break down cell walls, emulsifies lipid andprotein of the cells

Cell walls- long polar molecules with a greasyend and a charged end.

tear apart the greasy molecules in cell walls


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break the cell walls

at the very least expose the cell walls so the

detergent can break them down

chopped onion + buffer solution (blender)-expose the onion to the detergent solution.

-detergent will break up the cell walls,releasing the onion DNA into the buffersolution.


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Clear solution

Solution

-dissolved DNA fragments

-some other biochemical compounds (RNA,Proteins)

Heating not necessary

- ensures (proteins are precipitated)


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Alcohol is added(recover)

-DNA is liberated from the nucleus and the cell

-95% alcohol (less dense then water)

floats-The lipids and proteins will fall to the bottom

of the test tube while the DNA, which is lessdense than the proteins and lipids, will rise

into the alcohol layer-ethanol (lowers the isoelectric point of DNA

thus precipitating it out)


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stringy substance bubbling out of solution

glass rod was gently twirled in the petri dish

to pick up the DNA

crude method to extract DNA.


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DNA extraction technique plays importantrole in the field of biotechnology andforensics.

Extraction of DNA can be easily performed by:

- breaking of cell walls and cell membranes bychemical agents and mechanically

- Using of ethanol to precipitate out DNA


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extraction of dna-slides

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