EXTRACTION OF DNA FROM ONION CELL AND CHICKEN LIVER

BY:NUR SHUHADA NABILLA BINTI MOHD YUNUS

NUR LAILI BINTI YEOP IDRISRAIHAN IZZATI BINTI ROSANIZANNUR ATIELIA BINTI PRESHAHDIN

NURUL AFIFA BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN

SUPERVISOR:DR. ZAKIAH BINTI NOR HASHIM

PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.Can we observed DNA strand with naked eyes?

2. Can we obtained the DNA strand by using conventional method?

HYPOTHESIS

Conventional method is more reliable compared to various commercial offerings

INTRODUCTIONDNA : Deoxyribonucleic acid, self replicating material present in nearly all living organisms, as the main constituents of chromosomes and carrier of genetic information.

DNA Extraction: Removal of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from cells of sample.

General Structure: • Double helix (composed of 2 chain)• Strands of nucleotide held together by

hydrogen bond

Background of studyDNA is present in every cell of plants and

animals

The long and thick fibers of DNA

Can be extracted using common,

everyday materialsExtraction buffer

OBJECTIVES

1. To learn the steps of preparing chicken liver and onion

cell for DNA extraction.

2. To understand the general structure of these living

tissues.

3. To extract DNA from cells at a simple, reasonable cost

and no hazardous chemicals are involved by using

conventional method.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

1. Can gain foundation knowledge for lesson in biology,

evolution, and biotechnology and health technology.

2. Conventional method able to produce high yield, less

time consuming and reliability of the analysis should

be maximal, while minimizing the risk of

contamination

LITERATURE REVIEW

Titles References Methods

DNA extraction Karen, 1999 • “DNA Extraction” are to isolate DNA from plant and animal cells.

• Serves as a spectacular example of the complexity of biochemical structure

DNA extraction from animal and plant tissues

Karen, 1999 • Plant genomic DNA is more difficult to extract.

• The metabolites present in the plant cell may interfere with genomic DNA extraction.

Methods of DNA extraction

Shepherd, 2002 • Several commercial kits are available that allow rapid and reliable isolation of total DNA from a wide of variety of plant species and tissues.

Estimation of DNA quantity

K.K Vinod, 2004 • Most DNA extracts are not reasonably pure and therefore estimates of concentration using spectrophotometric measurements of UV absorption may be misleading.

METHODOLOGY

Preparation of DNA extraction of chicken liver cell

Preparation of DNA extraction of onion cell

Preparation of DNA extraction of onion cell

Chopped the onion

Poured water, salt and detergent

Poured the solution into the blender

Heat the mixture Filtered heated mixture

Poured the sample into ethanol

Preparation of DNA extraction of chicken liver cell

Grind the chicken liver Poured the water, salt and detergent

Stir the mixture

well

Filtered the mixturePoured mixture into ethanolThe DNA strand observed

Chicken liver cell DNA strand result

Under 10x magnification

Onion cell DNA strand results

CONCLUSION1. We are able to learnt the steps of

preparing chicken liver and onion cell for DNA extraction.

2. The general structure of these living tissues were well defined.

3. We are able to extract DNA from cells at a simple, reasonable cost and no hazardous chemicals are involved by using conventional method.

RECOMMENDATION

1. Spectrophotometer To measure the purity of the DNA extraction

2. Agarose gel electrophoresis Separation of DNA fragments according to

size, based on movement, through a gel medium when an electric field is applied.

The End