external anatomy of the eye. lacrimal apparatus of the eye
TRANSCRIPT
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External Anatomy of the Eye
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Lacrimal Apparatus of the Eye
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Anatomy of the Eyeball
• Fibrous Tunic:Cornea
Sclera • Vascular Tunic
Choroid coat Ciliary Body (Ciliary muscle, Ciliary process)Iris
• Nervous TunicRetina
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Accessory structures of the Eye from a sagittal view
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Internal Anatomy of the Eye
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Detail view of the anterior anatomy of the eye
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Production of Aqueous Humor and Intraocular pressure
1. Ciliary Process:Produces Aqueous Humor
2. Posterior Chamber:Aqueous Humor flows from this chamber through thepupil in Anterior Chamber
3. Canal of SchlemmReabsorbs Aqueous Humor
Glaucoma:Increase in intraocular pressure due to build up ofAqueous Humor
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Opthalmoscopic view of the retina showing the location of the Macula to the Optic Disc
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Histology of the retina of the eye
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Photomicroscopic view of the Histology of the Eye
S = ScleraC = Choroid coatPE = Pigmented
epitheliumP = Outer segments
of rods and conesO = Nuclei of rods and
conesOPL = Outer synaptic layerI = Nuclei of bipolar neuronsPL = Inner synaptic layerG = Ganglion cell layer
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Photomicroscopic view of the Histology of the Eyeshowing the location of the central fovea
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Intrinsic Eye Muscles and their response to light
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The Visual Pathway
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Light RefractoryPathway:1. Bulbar Conjunctiva2. Cornea3. Aqueous Humor4. Lens5. Vitreous Humor6. Ganglion Cell Layer7. Inner Synaptic Layer8. Bipolar Layer9. Outer Synaptic Layer10. Photoreceptor Layer
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Abnormalities ofThe Eye:1. Myopic -
nearsighted2. Hypermetropic -
Farsighted3. Presbyopia -
age-related failure of lens to accommodate
4. Astigmatism - Distorted vision due to irregular-shaped lens orcornea
5. Color Blindness - genetic defect that causes dysfunction of cones
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Accommodation of the Lens for near vision
• Ciliary muscles contract• Ciliary body pulls forward and inward• Tension on suspensory ligaments of lens is
decreased• Lens becomes thicker (rounder) due to its
elasticity• Pupils constricts
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Accommodation of the Lens for far vision
• Ciliary muscles relaxes• Ciliary body returns to its resting state,
backward and outward• Tension on suspensory ligaments of lens is
increased• Lens becomes thinner (flatter) due to its
elasticity• Pupils dilate
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Anatomy of Rods andCones
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Physiology of Rods and Photopigments
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Visual Pathway
1. Cones
2. Bipolar neurons
3. Ganglion cell’s axon forms the optic nerve
4. Optic nerve to the Optic Chiasm
5. Optic tract
6. Lateral geniculate nuclei of the thalamus
7. Optic Radiations
8. Primary visual areas of the occipital lobes