FACE, EYELIDS, LACRIMAL APPARATUS & SCALP

Steven J. Zehren, Ph.D.

BONES OF THE FACE

Supraorbital f.

NASAL

LACRIMAL

ZYGOMATIC

MAXILLA

Zygomatic pr.

Orbital surface

Infraorbital f.Frontal pr.Alveolar pr.

INF. NASAL CONCHA

VOMER

MANDIBLE

Ramus

Body

Mental f.Mental tubercle

Mental protuberance

SKULL (ANTERIOR VIEW)

LACRIMAL

NASAL

MAXILLA

Frontal pr.

Infraorbital f.

Alveolar pr.

ZYGOMATIC

Zygomatic arch

MANDIBLE

HeadMandibular notchCoronoid pr.RamusBodyMental f.

TemporomandibularJoint (TMJ)

SKULL (LATERAL VIEW)

MANDIBLE (MEDIAL VIEW)

Mandibular foramen(inf. alveolar n.)

Inferior alveolar n.(w/in mandibular canal)

Mental n.(emerging from mental f.)

INFERIOR ALVEOLAR AND MENTAL NERVES

Mandible of aged person

Mental foramen

RESORPTION OF THE ALVEOLAR PROCESS OF THE MANDIBLE

Maxillary sinus

Roots of teeth

Opening of sinus into middle meatus of nasal cavity

Infratemporal surfaceFacial surface

Orbital surface

MAXILLARY SINUS (RELATIONSHIPS)

NEWBORN ADULT

FACE FORMS 1/8 OF SKULL FACE FORMS 1/3 OF SKULL

Mastoid process absent

SKULL OF NEWBORN (LATERAL VIEW)

MUSCLES OF FACE

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONDERIVED FROM PHARYNGEAL ARCH 2

Occipitalis

Frontalis

Orbicularis oculi (orbital part)

Epicranial aponeurosis

Orbicularis oculi(palpebral part)

Nasalis (transverse part)

Nasalis (alar part)

Orbicularis oris

Zygomaticus minorZygomaticus major

MentalisDepressor labii inferioris

Depressor anguli orisBuccinator

RisoriusPlatysma

Levator labii superioris

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

ORIGIN OF BUCCINATOR MUSCLE

Superior pharyngeal constrictor m.

Pterygomandibular raphe

Buccinator m.

Parotid duct

Alveolar processof maxilla

Alveolar process of mandible

INSERTION OF BUCCINATOR MUSCLE

Orbicularis oris m.

Buccinator m.

Parotid duct

FUNCTION OF THE BUCCINATOR MUSCLE (coronal section through oral cavity)

Oral vestibule

Buccinator

NERVES OF FACE

INTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS (VII & VIII)

FACIAL N. (VII) EXITS CRANIAL CAVITY VIA INTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS

VII EMERGES FROM STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN

STYLOID PROCESS

MASTOID PROCESS STYLOMASTOID F.

Temporal branchesZygomatic branches

Buccal branches

Marginal mandibular branch

Cervical branch

Main trunk of VII

TO ZANZIBAR BY MOTOR CAR

FACIAL NERVE BRANCHES IN PAROTID GLAND

BELL’S PALSY

COURSE OF VII IN FACIAL CANAL

VII in facial canalof temporal bone

Int. auditory meatus

Stylomastoid for.

Greater petrosal n.

Chorda tympani n.

Nerve to stapedius

Branches to muscles of facial expression

Ophthalmic N. (V1) (GSA)

Maxillary N. (V2) (GSA)

Mandibular N. (V3) (GSA, SVE)

Trigeminal ganglion (GSA)

TRIGEMINAL NERVE (V)

Sensory root ofV ganglion

Ophthalmic N. (V1)

Maxillary N. (V2)

Mandibular N. (V3)

Dorsal rami ofcervical nerves

Ventral rami ofcervical nerves

VERTEX – EAR – CHIN LINE

OPHTHALMIC N.

MAXILLARY N.

MANDIBULAR N.

Supraorbital n.

Supratrochlear n.

Lacrimal n.

Infratrochlear n.

Ant. ethmoidal n.(ext. nasal br.)

Infraorbital n.

Zygomaticofacial n.

Zygomaticotemporal n.

Mental n.

Buccal n.

Auriculotemporal n.

DORSAL RAMI

VENTRAL RAMI

Gr. occipital n. (C2)

3rd occipital n. (C3)

Lsr. occipital n. (C2,3)

Gr. auricular n. (C2,3)

Transverse cervical n. (C2,3)

Supraclavicular nn. (C3,4)

CUTANEOUS NERVES OF HEAD AND NECK

VESSELS OF FACE

FACIAL ARTERY

Black: from internal carotid a. (via ophthalmic a.)Red: from external carotid a.

ARTERIAL SUPPLY TO FACE

FACIAL VEIN

EXTERNAL NOSE

Frontal

Nasals

Maxilla (frontal pr.)

Septal cartilage (lateral prs.)

Septal cartilage

Major alar cartilage

Lateral crusMedial crus

Alar fibrofatty tissueSeptal cartilage

Alar fibrofatty tissue

Major alar cartilage

Medial crus

Lateral crus

NOSE (SKELETON)

EYELIDS &LACRIMAL APPARATUS

Levator palpebrae superioris m.

Orbital septumSup. tarsal m.

Sup. conjunctival fornix

Orbicularis oculi m. (palpebral pt.)

Sup. tarsus

Tarsal glandsSebaceous glands

Eyelashes (cilia)

Openings of tarsal glands

Inf. tarsusOrbicularis oculi m. (palpebral pt.)

Inf. conjunctival fornix

Orbital septum

Sclera

Bulbar conjunctiva

Palpebral conjunctiva

Cornea

EYELIDS (SAGITTAL SECTION)

Orbital septum

Superior tarsus

Lat. palpebral lig.

Inferior tarsus

Orbital septumMed. palpebral lig.

Lacrimal sac

TARSOFASCIAL LAYER OF EYELIDS

Orbital part oflacrimal gland

Palpebral part oflacrimal gland

Ducts of lacrimal gland

Plica semilunaris

Lacrimal caruncle

Inf. lacrimal papillaand punctum

Sup. lacrimal papillaand punctum

Lacrimal canaliculi

Lacrimal sac

Nasolacrimal duct

Opening ofnasolacrimal duct(into inf. meatusof nasal cavity)

LACRIMAL APPARATUS

AUTONOMIC INNERVATION OF LACRIMAL GLAND

1st and 2nd thoracic spinal nn.

Sup. cervical sympathetic ganglion

Int. carotid plexus

Deep petrosal n.

Sup. salivatory nucleusFacial n. (VII)

Greater petrosal n.

Trigeminal ganglion (V)

Maxillary n. (V2)N. of pterygoid canal

PterygopalatinganglionPterygopalatine ganglionLacrimal gland

Sympathetic presynaptic fibersSympathetic postsynaptic fibersParasympathetic presynaptic fibersParasympathetic postsynaptic fibers

Lacrimal gland

Zygomaticotemporal n.

Communicating branch

Lacrimal n.

V ganglion

Maxillary n. (V2)

Zygomatic n.

N. of pterygoid canal

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Pterygopalatine nn.

AUTONOMIC INNERVATION OF LACRIMAL GLAND (CONTINUED)

SCALP

S. C. A. L. P.

NERVES AND ARTERIES OF SCALP