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Abstract

The cry for trying the war criminals in Bangladesh is nothing new. The trial of war

criminals in Bangladesh is the biggest and the first of its kind in South Asia. Similar trials

of war crimes were held in Vietnam and Cambodia as well, but those were not as big in

stature. The Pakistani occupation forces and their native collaborators killed nearly 3

million innocent Bangalees and raped and tortured around 400,000 women. The

International Crimes Tribunal was formed to try the crimes committed by the native

collaborators of the Pakistanis. This tribunal and the start of the trial did not come just

like that. Bangalees had to fight for nearly 40 years to make sure that this trial finally

becomes a reality. The government was pressured to amend the International Crimes

Tribunal Act, 1973, which eventually led to the commencement of the trial on March 25,

2010. The civil society had been continuing a movement for this trial for a long time. In

effect, this trial is an outcome of a long movement by the civil society and the families of

the martyred. Various cultural elements such as poems, novels, plays, songs, sculpture

and painting, photography and audiovisual medium, books on the spirit of Liberation

War, short and full-length films on Liberation War, various organizations, associations,

museums and exhibitions also played a crucial role in accelerating the trial of the war

criminals by raising awareness about the spirit of Liberation War among the youth. This

article strives to discuss all those roles.

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Jagannath University Journal of Arts 87

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weRq‡KZb gyw³hy× Rv`yNi (2000)

evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi HwZnvwmK †cÖ¶vcU, gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm, mk¯¿ hy‡×i

mwVK weeiY Ges exi gyw³‡hv×v‡ì exiZ¡Mv_vi Z_¨ msMÖn I msi¶‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨

ÔweRq‡KZb gyw³hy× Rv`yNiÕ GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| evsjv‡`k

†mbvevwnbx 1974 mv‡j gyw³hy×wfwËK Rv`yNi cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM †bq| 1996 mv‡ji 6

RyjvB Gi wfwË ¯'vcb K‡ib ZrKvjxb †mbvcÖavb †Rbv‡ij gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb; Ges

Rv yNiwU c~Y©v½Zv jvf K‡i e½eÜy Kb¨v †kL nvwmbvi nv‡Z, 2000 mv‡ji 21

b‡f¤i| GLv‡b gyw³hy‡× eëüZ A¯¿, Kvgvb I †Mvjveviæ` wewfbœ Drm †_‡K msMÖn

Kiv nq|

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AvMiZjv gvgjvi wePviKvR| cieZ©xKv‡j Gi cy‡ivUv‡ZB evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi

D‡`¨v‡M M‡o †Zvjv nq 'AvMiZjv gvgjvi ¯§…wZweRwoZ e½eÜy Rv yNi'| 1968 mv‡j

`v‡qi Kiv gvgjvq hvi bvg wQj 'ivó« ebvg †kL gywReyi ingvb I Ab¨vb¨', Awfhy³

Avmvwg 35 R‡bi ¯§…wZweRwoZ †mB HwZnvwmK K¶wU GL‡bv GKwU RxešÍ BwZnvm, hv

gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv weKv‡k we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

knx` Rbbx Rvnvbviv Bgvg ¯§„wZ Rv`yNi (2007)

gvbeZvwe‡ivax Acivax wePvi Av‡›`vj‡bi cy‡ivav knx` Rbbx Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi ¯§„wZi

D‡Ï‡k¨ Ges Zuvi Av‡›`vjb‡K mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ Qwo‡q †`qvi Rb¨ 2007 mv‡j

XvKvi Gwjd¨v›U †iv‡W Zuvi evwo‡Z Ôknx` Rbbx Rvnvbviv Bgvg ¯§„wZ Rv yNiÕ cÖwZôv

Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB Rv`yN‡ii j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ gyw³hy‡× Bgvg cwiev‡ii AvZ¥Z¨vM Ges

GKvË‡ii hy×vcivax‡ì wePv‡ii `vwe‡Z Rvnvbvi Bgvg beŸB‡qi `k‡K †h Av‡›`vjb

M‡o †Zv‡jb Zv cÖRb¥ †_‡K cÖRb¥všÍ‡i Zy‡j aiv| GB Rv`yN‡i wbg©~j KwgwU I mgš^q

KwgwU MVb Ges Av‡›`vj‡bi wewfbœ w 'i wPÎ I msev` msiw¶Z Av‡Q| Rvnvbviv Bgvg

I hy×vcivax wePvi Av‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K© GB Rv`yN‡i ch©vß Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| GB Rv`yNiwU

hy×vcivax‡ì wePvi Rb¨ Pjgvb Av‡›`vj‡b wewfbœ Z_¨ cwi‡ek‡bi gva¨‡g ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

gyw³hy‡×i weRq †gjv (1989)

gyw³hy‡×i weRq †gjv gvbeZvwe‡ivax Acivax wePvi Av‡›`vj‡b GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv

cvjb K‡i| GB weRq †gjvwU PÆMÖv‡g ïiæ n‡q Kvjµ‡g mviv evsjv‡`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o|


†`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i BwZnvm‡K wPi RvMÖZ Kivi j‡¶¨ 1989 mvj †_‡K PÆMÖv‡gi

exi gyw³‡hv×v, gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶i ivRbxwZK, mvs¯‹…wZKg©x, eyw×Rxex, †ckvRxexmn

me©¯Í‡ii gyw³Kvgx RbZvi mn‡hvwMZvq weRq †gjvi ïiæ nq| GB weRq †gjv µgvš^‡q

Qwo‡q c‡o mviv evsjv‡`‡k| gyw³hy× m¤ú‡K© ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨B ¯^”Q

†Kv‡bv aviYv †bB| †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i BwZnvm‡K wPi RvMÖZ ivLvi j‡¶¨,

gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv‡K mgybœZ ivLvi ¯^v‡_©, ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× knx`‡ì ¯§iY, ¯^vaxb

evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K weR‡qi †MŠi‡e AbycÖvwYZ Kiv Ges hy×Rqx RvwZ wn‡m‡e mevi

g‡a¨ †MŠie‡eva I AvZ¥wek¦vm m„wó, gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq mKj‡K RvZxq H‡K¨ DØy× Kiv

Ges MYgvby‡li gyw³i D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cÖwZ eQi PÆMÖv‡g weRq †gjvi Av‡qvRb

Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

1989 mvj †_‡K GB †gjvi ïiæ nq| 11 wW‡m¤î †_‡K 16 wW‡m¤î ch©šÍ 6

w`be¨vcx GB †gjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq PÆMÖvg mvwK©U nvDR gq`v‡b| 1991 mvj †_‡K

G †gjv‡K AwaKZi gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvgyLx Kivi j‡¶¨ weRq †gjvi Av‡M Ôgyw³hy‡×iÕ

K_vwU mwbœ‡ewkZ K‡i GB †gjvi bvgKiY Kiv nq Ôgyw³hy‡×i weRq †gjvÕ Ges †køvMvb

wba©viY Kiv nq Ôgyw³hy‡×i weRq exi evOvwji AnsKvi|Õ Gici avivevwnKfv‡e GB

†gjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡Z _v‡K| 1989 mv‡j †gjv ïiæ †_‡K 1992 mvj ch©šÍ weRq

gÂ wQj mvwK©U nvDm gv‡V| 1993 mv‡j weRq gÂ P‡j Av‡m †÷wWqvg PZ¡‡i| Gici

2002 mv‡j wmAviwe †gv‡o A¯'vqx Ges 2003 mvj †_‡K 2006 mvj ch©šÍ weRq gÂ

Kiv nq jvj`xwN gv‡V| Gici 2007 mv‡j †K›`ªxq knx` wgbv‡i wbg©vY Kiv nq A¯'vqx

weRq gÂ| 2008 mv‡j jvj`xwN gv‡V Ges 2009 mv‡j weRq gÂ P‡j Av‡m Gg G

AvwRR †÷wWqv‡gi wRg‡bwmqvg PZ¡‡i|

GB †gjvi GKwU êwkó¨ n‡”Q cÖwZ eQi weRq †gjv D‡Øva‡bi ci weRq gÂ

n‡Z GKwU w`K wb‡`©kbvg~jK Ges gyw³‡hv×v‡ì AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi K_v ¯§iY K‡i

fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ wKQz A½xKvi K‡i GKwU †NvlYvcÎ cvV Kiv nq| GB †NvlYvcÎ LyeB

¸iæZ¡c~Y©| 1996 mv‡j †NvlYvcÎ cvV K‡ib cwil‡ì cÖv³b gnvmwPe Aveyj nv‡mg|

†NvlYvc‡Î ejv nq,

AvR‡Ki GB HwZnvwmK g‡Â uvwo‡q mg¯Í mvnm‡K cyÃxf~Z K‡i ejwQ ag©vÜ

mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv‡K iæ‡L †`‡ev gyw³hy‡×i †kŠ‡h© mvn‡m I ewjôZvq| Avgiv

AKz‡Zvf‡q cÖgvY K‡i w`‡Z PvB GKvË‡i evOvwj RvwZ †h gnvb †PZbvq DØy×

n‡q gnr Afxó‡K mvg‡b †i‡L AvšÍR©vwZK civkw³ cyô cvwK¯Ívwb ee©i‡ì

weiæ‡× mk¯¿ n‡qwQj| mKj loh‡š¿i Rvj wQbœ-wew”Qbœ K‡i GB cweÎ gvZ„f~wg

†_‡K nv‡qbv‡ì weZvwoZ K‡iwQj, †mB cÖvYwcÖq ¯vaxbZvi weRq‡K Avgiv mg Í

mËvi mv‡_ myi¶v Ki‡ev|14

weRq †gjv cwil` weRq †gjv‡K Dcj¶ K‡i 1989 mv‡j ˆ`wbK AvRv`x -Gi

†mŠR‡b¨ cÖ_g cÖPvicÎ †ei K‡i| GQvov 1996 mv‡j 140wUiI †ewk gyw³hy‡×i `yj©f

QwewfwËK A¨vjevg cÖKvk, †gjvi 10 w`‡bi 10wU ey‡jwUb cÖKvk D‡jøL‡hvM¨| GQvovI

cÖwZ eQi †gjv Dcj‡¶ Ôgyw³hy‡×i weRqÕ bv‡g ¯§iwYKv cÖKvk Kiv nq hv‡Z gyw³hy×


welqK wewfbœ wbeÜ-cÖeÜ, WKz‡g›U-Av‡jvK wPÎ ¯'vb cvq|15

GB ¯§iwYKv cÖKv‡ki

gva¨‡g BwZnvm msi¶‡Yi cvkvcvwk bZzb cÖR‡b¥i mvg‡b mwVK BwZnvm Zz‡j aivi

cÖqvm j¶ Kiv hvq| 1998 mv‡j ¯§iwYKvi m¤úv`K †mŠ‡ib wek¦vm e‡jb,

jv‡Lv knx‡ì i‡³ †fRv cZvKv‡K hLb wnsmª kKzb Lvg‡P a‡i‡Q, evOvwj hLb

Avevi I‡V uvovq, cÖwZev` K‡i ïiæ K‡i bZzb msMÖvg bZzb hy×| nvwi‡q hvIqv

weRq‡K wdwi‡q Avbvi †h wbišÍb cÖ‡Póv ZviB GKwU gyw³hy‡×i weRq †gjv|16

2010 mv‡ji ¯§iwYKvq evYx‡Z cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv e‡jb,

2021 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vaxbZvi myeY©RqšÍx D`hvwcZ n‡e| GB myeY©RšÍx‡K

mvg‡b †i‡L Avmyb `jgZ †kªYx †ckv I ag©, eY© wbwe©‡k‡l HKë× n‡q GKwU

myLx, my›ì I mg„× evsjv‡`k Movi j‡¶¨ KvR Kwi| Ggwb ivóª KvVv‡gv wbg©vY

Kwi †hLv‡b _vK‡e cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki DbœZ Rxe‡bi wbðqZv|17

PÆMÖv‡g weRq †gjv ïiæ n‡jI Kvjµ‡g Zv mviv evsjv‡`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o| Rvnvbviv

Bgv‡gi g„Zzï ci hy×vcivax wePvi Av‡›`vjb hLb wKQyUv w¯ÍwgZ n‡q c‡o ZLb GB

†gjvi gva¨‡g gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm I Av`k© gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qvi eë¯'v Kiv nq|

gyw³hy× †gjv (1998)

Av‡›`vj‡bi avivevwnKZvq gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv I Av`k© we¯Ívi Ges hy×vcivax‡ì wePv‡ii

`vwe‡Z 1998 mv‡ji 27 gvP© XvKvq wkï GKv‡Wwg cÖv½‡Y 7 w`be¨vcx gyw³hy× †gjv

ïiæ nq| ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv †gjvi D‡Øvab K‡ib| GB †gjvi cÖ`k©bxi

gva¨‡g ZiæY cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨ gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv we Ív‡ii Ges hy×vcivax‡ì m¤ú‡K©

Zv‡ì m‡PZb Kivi †Póv Kiv nq| †gjv Dcj‡¶ Rvnvbviv Bgvg ¯§i‡Y ÔRqZy

Rvnvbviv BgvgÕ bv‡g GKwU ¯§iwYKv cÖKvwkZ nq| GB ¯§iwYKvi f~wgKv‡Z ejv nq,

¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`‡qi ci †_‡KB c‡iv¶ ev cÖZ¨¶fv‡e GKvË‡ii

civwRZ kw³ gymwjg jxM, Rvgv‡Z Bmjvgx I Ab¨vb¨ hy×vcivax‡ì †h cybe©vmb

I cybiæÐv‡bi aviv m„wó n‡qwQj Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ GKvË‡ii

NvZK `vjvj wbg©~j Av‡›`vjb †mB aviv‡K cÖwZnZ K‡i eB‡q w`‡q‡Q RbN„Yvi

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GB †gjv Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv weKv‡ki gva¨‡g

gvbeZvwe‡ivax‡ì cÖwZ N„Yv RvMwiZ Kivi eë¯'v Kiv nq|

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gvbeZvwe‡ivax Aicvax‡ì wePv‡ii Rb¨ mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK msMV‡bi

cvkvcvwk bvix msMVb¸‡jvI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| 1996 mv‡ji 2 gvP©

mw¤§wjZ bvix mgvR hy×vcivax‡ì wePvi Ges †gŠjev` I mv¤úª`vwqKZvi weiæ‡× RbgZ

MV‡bi Rb¨ GK mgv‡e‡ki Av‡qvRb K‡i| mgv‡e‡k ¯^vaxbZv we‡ivax Pµ I ag©


eëmvqx‡ì weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq| A¨vW‡fv‡KU myjZvbv

Kvgv‡ji mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ mfvq Ab¨‡ì g‡a¨ e³e¨ iv‡Lb Lywk Kwei, Wvt bvqjv

Lvb, dwi`v AvLZvi, ˆmq`v †Rey‡bœQv nK, jvfjx Bqvmwgb †Rev cÖgyL| 12 Ry‡bi

wbe©vP‡b hy×vcivax‡ì †fvU bv †`qvi Rb¨ mw¤§wjZ bvix mgvR wewfbœ mfv mgv‡e‡ki

gva¨‡g Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q hvq| 1996 mv‡ji 3 Ryb †mvgevi we‡K‡j RvZxq †cÖmK¬v‡e

Av‡qvwRZ GK mvsevw`K m‡¤§j‡b mw¤§wjZ bvix mgv‡Ri †bZ…e„›` Avmbœ wbe©vP‡b bvix

wbh©vZbKvix Ges GKvË‡ii hy×vcivax‡ì cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kivi Rb¨ †`kevmxi cÖwZ AvnŸvb

Rvbvb| m‡¤§j‡b e³e¨ iv‡Lb wmMgv û`v, Lywk Kwei, dwi`v AvLZvi, Wvt jvqjv

Lvb, mxgv `vk, bvZvkv Avng`, †n‡jbv ingvb cÖgyL|19

Zviv mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡bi

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mfvmgv‡e‡ki gva¨‡g Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q hvq| 1997 mv‡ji 20 AvM÷ evsjv‡`k gwnjv

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mfv‡bÎx dIwRqv †gvm‡j‡gi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GB Abyôv‡b mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi weiæ‡× 6 `dv

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1. Avwgbyi ingvb myjZvb, evsjv‡`‡ki KweZv I Dcb¨vm gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv, evsjv GKv‡Wwg,

XvKv, 2009, c„. 32

2. Avn‡g` gvIjv, gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv I evsjv‡`‡ki m„Rbkxj mvwnZ¨, we`¨vcÖKvk, XvKv,

2010, c„.14

3. iæ ª gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn, ÔevZv‡m jv‡ki MÜÕ, Avn‡g` gvIjv, gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv I evsjv‡`‡ki

m„Rbkxj mvwnZ¨, c„. 17

4. Avwgbyi ingvb myjZvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 87

5. Avwgbyi ingvb myjZvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 109

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Õ92

8. cÖv¸³

9. kvnwiqvi Kwei cÖgyL m¤úv., GKvË‡ii NvZK `vjvjiv †K †Kv_vq, gyw³hy× †PZbv weKvk

†K› ª, XvKv, 1987

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I ¯^vaxbZv Drme, 22-28 gvP©, 2011

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14. Av‡bvqvi Avn‡g`, Ôgyw³hy‡×i ¯'vbxq BwZnvm PP©vq PÆMÖv‡gi gyw³hy‡×i weRq †gjvÕ, ¯’vbxq

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16. cÖv¸³, c„. 124

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¯§iwYKv, GKvË‡ii NvZK `vjvj wbg©~j KwgwU, 27 gvP© 1998, XvKv

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22. cÖv¸³

23. ˆ`wbK msev`, 14 †deªæqvwi 98

24. ˆ`wbK msev`, 19 †deªæqvwi 98

25. cÖv¸³

26. ˆ`wbK msev`, 7 wW‡m¤i 2004

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