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evolution

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Biologists in Darwin’s time had already begun to understand that living things change over time. How did

Darwin contribute to these ideas?

a. He found many fossils that showed that these changes could not possibly happen on

islands.

b. He figured out and explained how these changes happened and supported his ideas with

evidence.

c. He made guesses about how these changes happened, and wrote experiments that could be

used to test these guesses.

d. He was the first person to truly believe that these changes happened, and he worked very

hard to convince others.

____ 2. Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar

physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches

a. have the ability to interbreed.

b. acquired traits through use and disuse.

c. all eat the same type of food.

d. descended from a common ancestor.

____ 3. Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin’s observation of local variation among tortoises in the

Galápagos Islands?

a. artificial selection

b. adaptation

c. acquired characteristics

d. tendency towards perfection

____ 4. When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following

the principle of

a. acquired characteristics.

b. descent with modification.

c. artificial selection.

d. natural selection.

Figure 16–1

____ 5. In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur

shown in Figure 16–1 are

a. examples of fossils.

b. vestigial structures.

c. acquired traits.

d. examples of natural variation.

____ 6. Inducing mutations in a population

a. decreases the genetic variation in the population.

b. results in organisms with very similar traits.

c. is a method of cloning.

d. increases the genetic variation in the population.

____ 7. A change in the number or structure of a chromosome is an example of a

a. chromosomal mutation.

b. beneficial mutation

c. harmful mutation.

d. silent mutation.

____ 8. Why is genetic variation important in helping a species survive?

a. The more varied a population, the less likely the environment is to change.

b. If the environment changes, some members of the species will probably have adaptations

that enable them to survive and reproduce.

c. Disease rarely affects a population that has a lot of genetic variety.

d. If the environment stays the same, a species with genetic variety will probably evolve

rapidly.

____ 9. Because they are made up of similar bones, the flippers of whales and the wings of birds are examples of

a. vestigial organs.

b. embryos.

c. fossil structures.

d. homologous structures.

____ 10. The wings of a bird and the front legs of a dog are

a. analogous structures.

b. acquired characteristics.

c. homologous structures.

d. vestigial structures.

____ 11. Individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. This idea is known as

a. survival of the fittest.

b. struggle for existence.

c. descent with modification.

d. common descent.

____ 12.

Which interaction is shown?

a. Commensalism

b. Mutualism

c. Parasitism

d. Predation

____ 13. Some of the bacteria found in the human digestive system help us to break down and digest food. In return,

the bacteria obtain food and nutrients. This type of relationship is known as

a. coexistence.

b. mutualism.

c. commensalism.

d. parasitism.

____ 14. By hunting at different times of day, hawks and owls are able to reduce

a. predation.

b. competition.

c. adaptation.

d. parasitism.

____ 15. The diagram shows the relationship of vertebrates to a common ancestor.

According to this information, which fossil would you expect to be most similar to the fossil of a thecodont?

a. Pterosaur fossil

b. modern bird fossil

c. Plesiosaur fossil

d. turtle fossil

____ 16. The diagram shows homologous body structures of four different organisms. The similarities in these

structures indicate that the organisms shared a common ancestor.

What is the best explanation for the differences between the structures?

a. The structures have changed to serve the same function in different organisms.

b. The structures adapted to different purposes through descent with modification.

c. The structures each evolved separately from different original structures.

d. None of the other answer choices

____ 17. New technology has allowed scientists to investigate mutations and to gather information about the role of

mutations in evolution. What question about mutations is beyond the scope of scientific investigation?

a. Which mutations lead to traits that increase fitness?

b. Which mutations produce desirable changes in populations?

c. What effect do mutations have on the amount of variation in the population?

d. Can pollutants in the environment change the rate at which mutations occur?

____ 18. Populations within ecosystems interact in many ways. Some of these interactions affect the evolution of a

population. Which ecological interaction is required for natural selection to act on a population?

a. competition

b. mutualism

c. parasitism

d. predation

____ 19. The process by which organisms change over time is known as

a. evolution.

b. diversity.

c. unity.

d. descent.

____ 20. Which choice describes the abiotic factor that may have led to the evolution of the Isabela Island Tortoise and

the Hood Island Tortoise?

a. The sparse vegetation available to the Hood Island Tortoise

b. The abundant vegetation available to the Isabela Island Tortoise

c. The very different amounts of rainfall on the two islands

d. Both A and B describe an abiotic factor.

____ 21. What happens in the process of natural selection?

a. The organisms that produce the most offspring survive.

b. The organisms with the least variations are best suited to survive harsh conditions.

c. The organisms that have the adaptations best suited to their environment tend to survive

and leave more offspring.

d. The organisms that develop a beneficial characteristic in their lifetime tend to survive and

pass the trait to their offspring.

____ 22. _____ structures share a common ancestry, but not necessarily a common function, while _____ structures

share a common function, but do not share a common ancestry.

a. Analogous; homologous

b. Homologous; analogous

c. Vestigial; analogous

d. Homologous; evolutionary

____ 23. Similar patterns of embryological development provide evidence that organisms have descended from a(n)

a. large pool of ancestors.

b. common ancestor.

c. organism on the Galápagos islands.

d. organism with vestigial structures.

____ 24. At the molecular level, overwhelming similarities in the _____ of all organisms, along with clearly

homologous molecules, provide evidence of common descent.

a. structures

b. functions

c. genetic code

d. cell walls

____ 25. The table shows the color distribution of a lizard population in an environment.

What conclusion can be drawn using only the information in the table?

a. Yellow lizards can move more quickly than red or brown lizards.

b. Yellow lizards are more likely than brown or red lizards to survive to reproduce.

c. Yellow lizards are least likely to be seen by predators.

d. Yellow lizards can use food sources that red and brown lizards cannot.

____ 26. The graph below shows the survival rate of ground finches during a certain period of time.

Which conclusion is supported by the data in the graph?

a. Birds with shorter beaks have greater reproductive success.

b. There is very little variation in beak size within the bird population.

c. Birds' beaks continue to grow longer even after the birds reach adulthood.

d. None of these

____ 27. The diagram shows the relationships of several living and extinct species.

Based on the information shown, which pair of organisms would have the most similar genetic information?

a. West African manatee and Brazilian manatee

b. Mastodon and Steler's sea cow

c. African elephant and Asian elephant

d. Dugong and Steler's sea cow

____ 28. Ticks can live on dogs, cats and other mammals. The ticks benefit but the mammal is harmed. This

relationship is called

a. parasitism.

b. mutualism.

c. commensalism.

d. competition.

____ 29. Camouflage, mimicry, and behavior are all adaptations that support the idea of

a. inherited traits.

b. survival of the fittest.

c. struggle for existence.

d. individualism.

____ 30. Some examples of Galápagos Island finches are shown in the diagram.

Notice the differences in the sizes and shapes of the beaks. As part of Peter and Rosemary Grant's study of

natural selection in Galápagos finches they gathered information to test the following hypothesis:

For beak size and shape to evolve, there must be enough heritable variation in beak size and shape to provide

raw material for natural selection.

What is one source of this heritable variation in beak size and shape?

a. Competition for scarce resources

b. Creation of new allele combinations during sexual reproduction

c. Changes in environmental conditions, including food sources

d. Changes in reproductive rates of finch species

evolution

Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1

OBJ: State Charles Darwin's contribution to science. STA: Bio.3F|Bio.2C|Bio.7A

TOP: PE_ML_BIO_2014_C16_MC4 BLM: knowledge

2. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2


TOP: PE_ML_BIO_2014_C16_MC5 BLM: comprehension


OBJ: Describe the three patterns of biodiversity noted by Darwin.

STA: Bio.3F|Bio.2C|Bio.7A TOP: PE_ML_BIO_2014_C16_MC7

BLM: comprehension

4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1

OBJ: Explain the role of inherited variation in artificial selection.

STA: Bio.3F|Bio.7D TOP: PE_ML_BIO_2014_C16_MC22

BLM: comprehension


OBJ: Describe what homologous structures and embryology suggest about the process of evolutionary

change. STA: Bio.7A TOP: PE_ML_BIO_2014_C16_MC39

BLM: application


OBJ: Identify the sources of genetic variation in a population. STA: Bio.7F

TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_166003 BLM: comprehension

7. ANS: A PTS: 0 DIF: L2

OBJ: Define mutations and describe the different types of mutations.

STA: Bio.6E TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_166147

BLM: knowledge


OBJ: Describe the conditions under which natural selection occurs.

STA: Bio.7D|Bio.7E|Bio.12B TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_166901

BLM: comprehension



change. STA: Bio.7A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_167437

BLM: knowledge




BLM: knowledge



STA: Bio.7D TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_167442

BLM: knowledge


OBJ: Describe the role predation and herbivory play in shaping communities.

STA: Bio.12A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_167607

BLM: knowledge


OBJ: Identify the three primary interdependent relationships among organisms.


BLM: knowledge


OBJ: Identify the limiting factors that depend on population density.


BLM: comprehension


OBJ: Explain the principle of common descent and what it suggests about the unity and diversity of life.


BLM: analysis




BLM: evaluation

17. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: L3 OBJ: State the goals of science.

STA: Bio.7F|Bio.2A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_257254

BLM: evaluation


OBJ: Describe the role predation and herbivory play in shaping communities.

STA: Bio.10B TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_257255

BLM: analysis



TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_257782 BLM: knowledge


OBJ: Describe the three patterns of biodiversity noted by Darwin.

STA: Bio.3F|Bio.2C|Bio.7A TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_257786

BLM: comprehension



STA: Bio.7D TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_257795

BLM: comprehension




BLM: comprehension




BLM: comprehension


OBJ: Explain how molecular evidence can be used to trace the process of evolution.

STA: Bio.6B TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_257807

BLM: comprehension



STA: Bio.7D|Bio.2G TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_258222

BLM: analysis




BLM: synthesis


OBJ: Explain the principle of common descent and what it suggests about the unity and diversity of life.


BLM: analysis


OBJ: Identify the three primary interdependent relationships among organisms.

STA: Bio.12A TOP: PH_EN_SC_CB_2008_4_267336 BLM: knowledge



STA: Bio.7D TOP: PH_EN_SC_CB_2008_4_267337 BLM: knowledge


OBJ: Explain how different factors affect genetic equilibrium. STA: Bio.7F

TOP: PE_EN_TX_BIO_2014_TB_258223 BLM: analysis

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