review. homologous structures vestigial structures analogous structures modified structures

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EVOLUTION Review

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Page 1: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

EVOLUTIONReview

Page 2: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

THIS TERM REFERS TO STRUCTURES THAT HAVE NO CURRENT FUNCTION, STRUCTURES THAT ARE NO LONGER USED (APPENDIX, WISDOM TEETH)

Homologous structures Vestigial structures Analogous Structures Modified Structures

Page 3: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

THIS TERM REFERS TO “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST” 0RGANISMS THAT ARE BEST SUITED TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT SURVIVE AND PASS ON GENES

Artificial selection Adaptation Natural Selection Survival of the fittest

Page 4: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

THIS TERM REFERS TO STRUCTURES THAT COME FROM THE SAME EMBRYONIC TISSUE, HAVE THE SAME BONES BUT DO DIFFERENTJOBS

Homologous structures Vestigial structures Analogous Structures Modified Structures

Page 5: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

THIS TERM REFERS TO AN INHERITED CHARACTERISTIC THAT INCREASES AN ORGANSMS CHANCES OF SURVIVAL

Natural Selection Fitness Artificial Selection Adaptation

Page 6: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

TRUE OR FALSE

Genetic Drift increases the diversity of a population

Page 7: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

WHAT IS ANOTHER WORD FOR VARIATION Similarities Metaphors Analogies Differences

Page 8: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

WHICH TYPE OF STRUCTURES DEMONSTRATE CONVERGENT EVOLUTION, THEY HAVE NO COMMON ANCESTOR, DIFFERENT STRUCTURES BUT PERFORM THE SAME JOB

Homologous structures Vestigial structures Analogous Structures Modified Structures

Page 9: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

WHICH TYPE OF STRUCTURE? VESTIGIAL,HOMOLOGOUS,ANALOGOUS?

Page 10: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

WHICH TERM REFERS TO AN ORGANSIMS ABILITY TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE?

Adaptation Natural Selection Fitness Divergent Evolution

Page 11: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

DARWIN NOTICED MANY SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SPECIES FROM DIFFERENT ISLANDS, WHAT STATEMENT BEST SUPPORTS HIS OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSION?

A)The species evolved from different ancestors, and developed differently

B)These species naturally occurred and no relationship existed among them

C)These species had a common ancestor and evolved differently to suit their habitats

D)These species look similar because they interbreed

Page 12: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

WHICH TYPE OF STRUCTURE? VESTIGIAL,HOMOLOGOUS,ANALOGOUS?

Page 13: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

CONVERGENT VS DIVERGENT

Page 14: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

TYPES OF SELECTION

Page 15: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

WHICH TYPE OF EVOLUTION? (NO COMMON ANCESTRY)

Page 16: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

WHICH TYPE OF EVOLUTION IS DEMONSTRATED BELOW?

A) Convergent Evolution

B) Macroevolution

C) Divergent Evolution

D) Temporal Evolution

Page 17: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

WHICH TYPE OF NATURAL SELECTION OCCURS WHEN BOTH EXTREMES ARE FAVORED?

Stabilizing Artificial Directional Disruptive

Page 18: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

WHICH TYPE OF SELECTION FAVORS ONE EXTREME OR THE OTHER? Stabilizing Artificial Directional Disruptive

Page 19: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

The illustration in the box shows the bones in the hind foot of a modern horse. The other illustrations show the bones in the hind feet of three extinct species. Each of these extinct species is an ancestor of the modern horse. (The illustrations have been scaled so that all of the species seem to be the same size.)

Which lists the extinct species in order from most closely related to the modern horse to most distantly related to the modern horse? A 1, 3, 2

B 2, 1, 3C 2, 3, 1D 3, 2, 1

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Page 20: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

According to the graph, what is the approximate half-life of carbon-14?A 5.7 years C 23,000 yearsB 5,700 years D 1,000,000 years

49

100%

½ of 100%

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Page 21: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

The diagram illustrates how some characteristics of the horse have changed over time. Along with the difference in size, what is another anatomical difference between the modern horse and its ancestors?

F The structure of the tooth has been adapted for eating meat.

G The size of the molars has decreased.

H The length of the forefoot has decreased.

J The number of toes has decreased.

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Page 22: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

Which of the following leaf types is most likely to help a plant survive in an arid habitat?

The drier and hotter the air, the smaller the leaves.

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Page 23: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

In comparisons of the evolutionary relationships between four species of birds, which of the following would be most useful?

A. color of feathers. B. gene sequences. C. nesting behaviors. D. patterns of migration.

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Page 24: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

Because of this animal’s adaptations, it would be most successful at —F competing with birdsG making its own foodH hiding from predatorsJ running very rapidly

2

It seems camouflaged.

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Page 25: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

The diagram above shows the biochemical pathway that produces arginine, an amino acid required by an organism called Neurospora. The table shows the response of a mutant strain of Neurospora to supplements in its food supply. This mutant strain must lack the enzyme that acts on —

F the precursorG ornithineH citrullineJ arginine

If ornithine does not produce growth, then maybe the Mutant Neurospora has a ‘changed Enzyme Y’ and can’t process the ornithine.

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Page 26: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

Which statement about the evolutionary history of jawed fishes is supported by the diagram?

A Jawless fishes became extinct after jawed fishes evolved.

B The first amphibians were direct descendants of lungfish.

C Ray-finned and lobe-finned fishes have a common ancestor.

D Sturgeon are more closely related to sharks than to coelacanths.

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Page 27: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

The table shows an amino acid comparison of cytochrome c, a protein involved in cellular respiration in aerobic organisms. The two organisms in the table that are least genetically related are the —A silkworm moth and the fruit flyB silkworm moth and the screwworm flyC fruit fly and the screwworm flyD fruit fly and the hornworm moth

Most different

21

These rows are the same.

Difference

of 4

Difference

of 7

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Page 28: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

The table shows a comparison of some amino acids found in cytochrome c. The two organisms in the table that are most closely related are —A Q and TB R and SC Q and RD Q and S

53

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Page 29: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

Q & R = Differences in 3%

Q and S = Differences in 6%

Rows 1,2,3 are the same. Eliminate Organism TCount differences between Q and R Q and S R and S

R and S = Differences of 9%

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Page 30: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

The table shows a comparison of some amino acids found in cytochrome c. The two organisms in the table that are most closely related are —A Q and TB R and SC Q and RD Q and S

53

HomeBack to evolution

Page 31: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

The table shows a comparison of some amino acids found in cytochrome c. The two organisms in the table that are most closely related are —A Q and TB R and SC Q and RD Q and S

53

HomeBack to evolution

Page 32: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

A plant has a change in its DNA that makes it more resistant to a species of harmful bacteria. What

will most likely happen as a result of this mutation?

A The plant will not survive long enough to reproduce.

B The species of harmful bacteria will become extinct.

C Over time the number of resistant plants will increase.

D Over time the number of harmful bacteria will increase.

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Page 33: Review.  Homologous structures  Vestigial structures  Analogous Structures  Modified Structures

A plant has a change in its DNA that makes it more resistant to a species of harmful bacteria. What

will most likely happen as a result of this mutation?

A The plant will not survive long enough to reproduce.

B The species of harmful bacteria will become extinct.

C Over time the number of resistant plants will increase.

D Over time the number of harmful bacteria will increase.

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