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EvidenceBased Examination of the Knee and Thigh Practice Session & Skills Checkoffs 1 EvidenceBased Examination of the Knee and Thigh Presented by Eric Hegedus, PT, DPT, MHSC, OCS, CSCS Practice Sessions/Skill Checkoffs Chapter Seven: Special Tests (45 minutes CEU Time) Skilled Process Review in Chapter Photo Description Check Off Perform the McMurray’s test Slide 6 The patient assumes a supine position. The examiner stands to the side of the patient’s involved knee. The examiner grasps the patient‘s heel and flexes the knee to end range with one hand while using the thumb and index finger of the other hand to palpate the medial and lateral tibiofemoral joint line. To test the medial meniscus, the examiner rotates the tibia into external rotation, then slowly extends the knee. To test the lateral meniscus, the examiner reflexes the knee but now internally rotates the patient’s tibia and slowly extends the knee. A positive test traditionally is indicated by an audible or palpable “thud” or “click.” Perform the Thessaly test Slide 7 The patient stands on one leg facing the examiner and grasps the examiner’s hands. The patient flexes the knee to 20 degrees (partial squat) and rotates his or her body, first to the left and then to the right. Step 2 is repeated three times in each direction.

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Evidence-­‐Based  Examination  of  the  Knee  and  Thigh    Practice  Session  &  Skills  Check-­‐offs  

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 Evidence-­‐Based  Examination  of  the  Knee  and  Thigh  Presented  by  Eric  Hegedus,  PT,  DPT,  MHSC,  OCS,  CSCS    Practice  Sessions/Skill  Check-­‐offs    Chapter  Seven:    Special  Tests     (45  minutes  CEU  Time)    

Skilled  Process  

Review  in  

Chapter  

Photo   Description   Check  Off  

Perform  the  McMurray’s  test  

Slide  6  

 

The  patient  assumes  a  supine  position.  The  examiner  stands  to  the  side  of  the  patient’s  involved  knee.  The  examiner  grasps  the  patient‘s  heel  and  flexes  the  knee  to  end  range  with  one  hand  while  using  the  thumb  and  index  finger  of  the  other  hand  to  palpate  the  medial  and  lateral  tibiofemoral  joint  line.  To  test  the  medial  meniscus,  the  examiner  rotates  the  tibia  into  external  rotation,  then  slowly  extends  the  knee.  To  test  the  lateral  meniscus,  the  examiner  reflexes  the  knee  but  now  internally  rotates  the  pa-­‐tient’s  tibia  and  slowly  extends  the  knee.  A  positive  test  traditionally  is  indicated  by  an  audible  or  palpable  “thud”  or  “click.”  

 

Perform  the  Thessaly  test  

Slide  7  

 

The  patient  stands  on  one  leg  facing  the  examiner  and  grasps  the  examiner’s  hands.  The  patient  flexes  the  knee  to  20  degrees  (partial  squat)  and  rotates  his  or  her  body,  first  to  the  left  and  then  to  the  right.  Step  2  is  repeated  three  times  in  each  direction.  

 

 

Evidence-­‐Based  Examination  of  the  Knee  and  Thigh    Practice  Session  &  Skills  Check-­‐offs  

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A  positive  test  for  meniscus  tear  is  indicated  by  joint-­‐line  discomfort  and  possibly  a  sense  of  locking  or  catching.  

Perform  the  Lachman’s  test  

Slide  10  

 

The  patient  is  supine  with  the  knee  flexed  to  15  degrees.  The  examiner  stabilizes  the  distal  femur  with  one  hand  and  grasps  behind  the  proximal  tibia  with  the  other  hand.  The  examiner  then  applies  an  anterior  tibial  force  to  the  proximal  tibia.  A  positive  test  for  a  torn  ACL  is  indicated  by  greater  anterior  tibial  displacement  on  the  affected  side  when  compared  to  the  unaffected  side.  

 

Perform  the  Anterior  Drawer  test  

Slide  11  

 

The  patient  is  supine  with  the  knee  flexed  to  90  degrees  so  that  the  foot  is  flat.  The  examiner  sits  on  the  patient’s  foot  and  grasps  behind  the  proximal  tibia  with  thumbs  palpating  the  tibial  plateau  and  index  fingers  palpating  the  tendons  of  the  hamstring  muscle  group  medially  and  laterally.  An  anterior  tibial  force  is  applied  by  the  examiner.  A  positive  test  for  a  torn  ACL  is  indicated  by  greater  anterior  tibial  displacement  on  the  affected  side  when  compared  to  the  unaffected  side.  

 

Perform  the  patellar  apprehension  test  

Slide  15  

 

The  patient  is  positioned  in  supine  with  a  relaxed  knee  passively  flexed  to  30  degrees  over  the  side  of  the  examining  table,  foot  resting  on  the  examiner.  The  examiner  presses  both  

 

 

Evidence-­‐Based  Examination  of  the  Knee  and  Thigh    Practice  Session  &  Skills  Check-­‐offs  

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thumbs  on  the  medial  aspect  of  the  patella  to  exert  a  lateral  force.  A  positive  test  occurs  when  the  patient  shows  signs  of  apprehension  (resists  the  lateral  force  and  attempts  to  extend  the  knee)  or  pain  is  reproduced.  

Discuss  the  lack  of  special  tests  for  ITBS  and  hamstring  strains  

Slide  18   How  does  a  clinician  know  if  a  patient  has  these  pathologies?  Do  you  need  special  tests  for  either  of  them?  Both  of  them?  

 

Review  the  best  clusters  of  tests  for  ACL,  meniscus,  MCL,  patellofemoral  dysfunction  

Slide  8,  9,  12,  17  

Learn  the  clusters;  commit  them  to  memory    

Notes: